新教材高中英语Unit4NaturalDisastersSectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures课件新人教版

SectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures走近新课·一起感知语法探究·一起思考随堂练习

走近新课·一起感知阅读下列句子,体会句意1.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.谁笑到最后,谁笑得最甜。2.Hewhomakesnomistakesmakesnothing.从不犯错的人一事无成。3.Alliswellthatendswell.结果好就一切都好。4.HewhohasneverbeentotheGreatWallisnotatrueman.不到长城非好汉。

语法探究·一起思考语法精讲定语从句(一)一、定语从句以及相关术语1.定语从句:在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。2.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词通常有that,which,who,whom,whose等;关系副词有when,where,why等。4.关系词在定语从句中有三大作用:(1)连接作用:连接主句与从句。(2)成分作用:在定语从句中充当一个成分。(3)替代作用:替代某一名词﹑代词或某一句话。二、关系代词的基本用法(1)who指人,在从句中做主语或宾语。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.正在踢足球的男孩们是一班的。ThatistheteacherwhoteachesusEnglish.那就是教我们英语的老师。(2)whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,可省略。MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。记一记·长知识

关系代词whom在口语和非正式文体中常可用who或that来代替,也可省略。The

man

(whom/who/that)

you

met

just

now

is

my

old

friend.你刚才遇见的那个人是我的老朋友。(3)which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.足球是大多数男孩喜欢的运动。Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.这就是他昨天买的钢笔。(5)whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.他有一个爸爸是医生的朋友。Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallen.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经坍塌的房子里。记一记·长知识

whose指物时,常可用下列结构来代替:The

classroom

whose

door

is

broken

will

soon

be

repaired.=The

classroom,the

door

of

which

is

broken,will

soon

be

repaired.Do

you

like

the

book

whose

cover

is

yellow?=Do

you

like

the

book

the

cover

of

which

is

yellow?三、指物时用that不用which的情况在限制性定语从句中,指物时that和which常可互换。但在下列几种情况下只能用that。(1)当先行词是everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时,或当先行词被every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等词修饰时。ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.所有能做的都做了。(2)当先行词被序数词修饰时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheElizabethTower.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是伊丽莎白塔。(3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这是我看过的最好的电影。(4)当先行词被thevery,theonly等词修饰时。Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcarwastheonlythingthatheowned.家里发生火灾后,那辆旧车是他唯一拥有的东西。(5)当先行词前面有who,which等疑问词时。Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?站在大门口的那个人是谁?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?哪件T恤衫最适合我?(6)当关系代词在定语从句中充当表语时。Theyarenolongerthementhattheyusedtobe.他们不再是以前那样的人了。(7)当先行词中既有人又有物时。Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpeoplethattheysawinthatcountry.他们谈论在那个国家见到的人和事。

四、指人时用who不用that的情况(1)当先行词是one,theone,ones,anyone,those等代词时。Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.尊重别人的人通常会得到别人的尊重。(2)在therebe句型中。Therearemanypeoplewhoareagainsttheplan.许多人反对这个计划。记一记·长知识

当主句是由who开头的疑问句时,关系代词用that。Who

is

the

boy

that

won

the

gold

medal?获得金牌的男孩是谁?that/whichthat/who/whomwhosethat/whichthat/whichthat/whichwho/thatwho/that随堂练习用合适的关系代词完成句子1.Theearthquake____________hitthecityin1906wasthebiggestinAmericanhistory.

答案:that/which2.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeople____________losttheirhomesinthedisaster.

答案:who/that3.Those____________wanttogototheEnglishpartymustbeattheschoolgateby7:30p.m.

答案:who4.Doyouhaveanything___________youdon’tunderstand?答案:that’vereadallthebooks____________youlentme.

答案:that6.Thefirstmuseum____________hevisitedinChinawastheHistoryMuseum.

答案:that7.Doyouknowtheman____________theyaretalkingabout?答案:who/whom/that8.Thefilm____________youarelookingforwardtoseeingwillbeon