2019年12月英语四级真题及答案卷三

2019年12月英语四级真题及答案完整版（卷三）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanewsreporttoyourcampusnewspaperonavisittoaHopeelementaryschoolorganizedbyyourStudentUnion..Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.【参考范文】OnthemorningofJune1st,agroupofvolunteersfromouruniversityUnionpaidavisittoaHopePrimarySchooltohelpthechildrentherehaveahappyChildren 'sDay.Wearrivedatthisschoolatnineinthemorningandthechildrenwelcomeduswarmly.Thisvolunteeractivitymainlyincludethreeparts.Inthefirstplace,weintroducedourselvesbriefly,whichhelpedustoknoweachotherbetter.Additionally,weorganizedsomerecreationalactivities.Forexample,ourtalentedvolunteerstaughtthosechildrentodanceandsing.Intheend,wegavethestationerypreparedinadvaneetotheselovelychildren.Thisvolunteeractivitywasreallyimpressive.Itgaveusanopportunitytoexperienceadifferentlifeandwewerereallymovedbythechildrenenthusiasm.【参考译文】6月1日上午，我校学生会的部分志愿者参观了一所希望小学。此行的目的是帮助那里的孩子们过一个快乐的儿童节。我们早上九点钟到达该希望小学，孩子们热情地欢迎我们的到来。本次志愿者活动主要分为三部分。首先，我们都做了简单的自我介绍，以便大家能更好地了解彼此。此外，我们组织了一些娱乐活动。例如，我们当中多才多艺的志愿者们教这些孩子唱歌、跳舞。最后，我们把事先准备好的文具送给了这些可爱的孩子们。这次志愿者活动真的让人印象深刻。它让我们有机会去体验不同的生活，孩子们的热情也深深地感动了我们。 PartnListeningComprehension (25minutes)说明：由于2019年6月四级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。PartIIIReadingComprehension (40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Justbecausetheycan'tsingoperaorrideabicycledoesn 'tmeanthatanindon'thaveculture.There 'snobetterexampleofthisthankillerwhales.Asoneofthemost__26__predators(食肉动物)，killerwhalesmaynotfitthe__27__ofa

meansculturedcreature.However,thesebeastsoftheseadodisplayavastrangeofhighly__28__behaviorsthatappeartobedrivingtheirgeneticdevelopment.meansTheword“culture”comesfromtheLatin “colere,”which__29cultivate.”Inotherwords,itreferstoanythingthatis__30__orlearnt,ratherthaninstinctiveornatural.Amonghumanpopulations,culturenotonlyaffectsthewaywelive,butalsowritesitselfintoourgenes,affectingwhoweare.Forinstanee,havingspentmanygenerationshuntingthefatmarinemammalsoftheArctic,theEskimosofGreenlandhavedevelopedcertaingenetic__31__thathelpthemdigestandutilizethisfat-richdiet,therebyallowingthemto__32__intheircoldclimate.Likehumans,killerwhaleshavecolonizedarangeofdifferent__33__acrosstheglobe,occupyingeveryoceanbasinontheplanet,withanempirethat__34__frompoletopole.Assuch,differentpopulationsofkillerwhaleshavehadtolearndifferenthuntingtechniquesinordertogaintheupperhandovertheirlocalprey(猎物).This,inturn,hasamajoreffectontheirdiet,leadingscientiststo__35__thattheabilitytolearnpopulation-specifichuntingmethodscouldbedrivingtheanimals 'geneticdevelopment.acquiredadaptationsbrutaldeliberatelyexpressedextendshabitatshumbleimagelitereallyrefinedrevolvesspeculatestructurethrive26-30CIKJA31-35BOGFMSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoeachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

Livingwithparentsedgesoutotherlivingarrangementsfor18-to34-year-oldsBroaddemographic(人口的)shiftsismaritalstatus,educationalattainmentandemploymenthavetransformedthewayyoungadultsintheU.S.areliving,andanewPewResearchCenteranalysishighlightstheimplicationsofthesechangesforthemostbasicelementoftheirlives—wheretheycallhome.In2014,forthefirsttimeinmorethan130years,adultsages18to34wereslightlyantheywertectmbehlivingwithamorelikelytobelivingintheirparentsspouseorpartnerintheirownhousehold.antheywertectmbehlivingwithas18ThisturnofeventsisfueledprimarilybythedramaticdropintheshareofyoungAmericanswhoarechoosingtosettledownromanticallybeforeage35.Datingbackto1880,themostcommonlivingarrangementamongyoungadultshasbeenlivingwitharomanticpartner,whetheraspouseorasignificantother.ThistypeofarrangementpeakedaroundI960,when62%ofthenation -tos1834-year-oldswerelivingwithaspouseorpartnerintheirownhousehold,andonlyone-in-fivewerelivingwiththeirparents.By2014,31.6%ofyoungadultswerelivingwithaspouseorpartnerintheirownhousehold,belowthesharelivinginthehomeoftheirparent (s)(32.1%).Some14%ofyoungadultslivedalone,wereasingleparentorlivedwithoneormoreroommates.Theremaining22%livedinthehomeofanotherfamilymember(suchasagrandparent,in-laworsibling (兄弟姐妹))，anon-relative,oringroupquarterslikecollegedormitories.It'sworthnotingthattheoverallshareofyoungadultslivingwiththeirparentswasnotatarecordhighin2014.Thisarrangementpeakedaround1940,whenabout35%ofthenation-to34-year-oldslivedwithmomand/ordad(comparedwith32%in2014).Whathaschanged,instead,istherelativeshareadoptingdifferentwaysoflivinginearlyadulthood,withthedeclineofromanticcouplingpushinglivingathometothetopofamuchlessuniformlistoflivingarrangements.Amongyoungadults,livingarrangementsdiffersignificantlybygender.Formenages18to34,livingathomewithmomand/ordadhasbeenthedominantlivingarrangementsince2009,In2014,28%ofyoungmenwerelivingwithaspouseofpartnerintheirownhome,while35%werelivinginthehomeoftheirparent(s).Youngwomen,however,arestillmorelikelytobelivingwithaspouseofromanticpartner(35%)thantheyaretobelivingwiththeirparent (s)(29%).In2014,moreyoungwomen (16%)thanyoungmen (13%)wereheadingupahouseholdwithoutaspouseorparther.Thisismainlybecausewomenaremorelikelythanmentobesigleparentslivingwiththeirchildren.Fortheirpart,youngmen(25%)aremorelikelythanyoungwomen(19%)tobelivinginthehomeofanotherfamilymember,anon-relativeorinsometypeofgroupquarters.Avarietyoffactorscontributetothelong-runincreaseintheshareofyoung.Adultslivingwiththeparents.Thefirstinthepostponementof,ifnotretreatfrom,marriage.Theaverageageoffirstmarriagehasrisensteadilyfordecades.Inaddition,agrowingshareofyoungadultmaybeavoidingmarriagealtogether.ApreviousPewResearchCenteranalysisprojectedthatasmanyasone-in-fouroftoday 'syoungadultmaynevermarry.WhilecohabitatiBh居)hasbeenontherise,theoverallshareofyoungadultseithermarriedorlivingwithanunmarriedpatnerhassubstantiallyfallensince1990.Inaddition,trendsinbothemploymentstatusandwageshavelikelycontributedtothegrowingshareofyoungadultswhoarelivinginthehomeoftheirparent(s),andthisisespeciallytrueofyoungmen.Employedyoungmenaremuchlesslikelytoliveathomethanyoungmenwithoutajob,andemploymentamongyoungmenhasfallensignificantlyinrecentdecades.Theshareofyoungmenwithjobspeakedaround1960at84%.In2014,only71%of18-to-34-year-oldmenwereemployed.Similarlywithearnings,youngmen 'swages(afteradjustingforinflation) havebeenonadownwardtrajectory(轨迹)since1970andfellsignificantlyform2000to2010.Aswageshavefallen,theshareofyoungmenlivinginthehomeoftheirparent(s)hasrisen.Economicfactorsseemtoexplainlessofwhyyoungadultwomenareincreasinglylikelytoliveathome.Generally,youngwomenhavehadgrowingsuccessinthepaidlabormarketsince1960andhencemightincreasinglybeexpectedtobeabetoaffordtoaffordtoliveindependentlyoftheirparents.Forwomen,delayedmarriage—whichisrelated,inpart,tolabormarketoutcomesformen—mayexplainmoreoftheincreaseintheirlivinginthefamilyhome.TheGreatRecession(andmodestrecovery)hasalsobeenassociatedwithanincreaseinyoungadultslivingathome.Initiallyinthewakeoftherecession,collegeenrollmentsexpanded,boostingtheranksofyoungadultslivingathome.Andgiventheweakjobopportunitiesfacingyoungadults,livingathomewaspartoftheprivatesafetynethelpyoungadultstoweathertheeconomicstorm.Beyondgender,youngadult 'slivingarrangementsdifferconsiderablebyeducation——whichistiedtofinancialmeans.Foryoungadultswithoutabachelor'sdegree,asof2008livingathomewiththeirparentswasmoreprevalentthanlivingwitharomanticpartner.By2014,36%of18-to34-year-oldswhohadnotcompletedabachelor 'reslidegre'etweheirparent(s)while27%werelivingwithaspouseorpartner.Amongcollegegraduates,in201446%weremarriedorlivingwithapartner,andonly19%werelivingwiththeirparent(s).Youngadultswithacollegedegreehavefaredmuchbetterinthelabormarketthantheirless-educatedcounterparts,whichhasinturnmadeiteasiertoestablishtheirownhouseholds.36.Unemployedyoungmenaremorelikelytolivewiththeirparentsthantheemployed.37.In2014,thepercentageofmenaged18to34livingwiththeirparentswasgreaterthanthatoftheirfemalecounterparts.Thepercentageofyoungpeoplewhoaremarriedorlivewithapartnerhasgreatlydecreasedinthepastthreedecadesorso.Aroundthemid-20thcentury,only20percentof18-to34-year-oldlivedintheirparents 'home.Youngadultswithacollegedegreefounditeasiertoliveindependentlyoftheirparents.Youngmenarelesslikelytoendupassingleparentsthanyoungwomen.Moreyoungadultwomenlivewiththeirparentsthanbeforeduetodelayedmarriage.Thepercentageofyoungmenwholivewiththeirparentshasgrownduetotheirdecreasedpayinrecentdecades.Theriseinthenumberofcollegestudentsmademoreyoungadultslivewiththeirparents.45.Onereasonforyoungadultstolivewiththeirparentsisthatgetmarriedlateorstaysinglealltheirlives.36-40HEGBK41-45FIHJGSectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),CandD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AccordingtothemajorityofAmericans,womenareeverybitascapableofbeinggoodpoliticalleadersasmen.Thesamecanbesaidoftheirabilitytodominatethecorporateboardroom.AndaccordingtoanewPewResearchCentersurveyonwomenandleadership,mostAmericansfindwomenindistinguishablefrommenonkeyleadershiptraitssuchasintelligeneeandcapacityforinnovation,withmanysayingthey 'restrongerthanmenintermsofbeingpassionateandorganizedleaders.Sowhy,then,arewomeninshortsupplyatthetopofgovernmentandbusinessintheUnitedStates?Accordingtothepublic,atleast,it 'snotthattheylatoughness,managementtalentorproperskillsets.It'salsonotallaboutwoikebalanee.Althougheconomicresearchandprevioussurveyfindingshaveshownthatcareerinterruptionsrelatedtomotherhoodmaymakeitharderforwomentoadvaneeintheircareersandcompetefortopexecutivejobs,relativelyfewadultsintherecentsurveypointtothisasakeybarrierforwomenseekingleadershiproles.Onlyaboutone-in-fivesaywomen'sfamilyresponsibilitiesareamajorreasonwhytherearen 'tfemalesintopleadershippositionsinbusinessandpolitics.Instead,toppingthelistofreasons,aboutfour-in-tenAmericanspointtoadoublestandardforwomenseekingtoclimbtothehighestlevelsofeitherpoliticsorbusiness,wheretheyhavetodomorethantheirmalecounterpartstoprovethemselves.Similarsharessaytheelectorate（选民）andcorporateAmericaarejustnotreadytoputmorewomenintopleadershippositions.Asaresult,thepublicisdividedaboutwhethertheimbalaneeincorporateAmericawillchangeintheforeseeablefuture,eventhoughwomenhavemademajoradvancesintheworkplace.While53%believemenwillcontinuetoholdsonlymoretopexecutivepositionsinbusinessinthefuture,44%sayitoftimebeforeasmanywomenareintopexecutivepositionsasmen.Americansarelessdoubtfulwhenitcomestopolitics:73%expecttoseeafemalepresidentintheirlifetime.sonlyWhatdomostAmericansthinkofwomenleadersaccordingtoanewPewResearchCentersurvey?Theyhavetodomoretodistinguishthemselves.Theyhavetostrivehardertowintheirpositions.Theyarestrongerthanmenintermsofwillpower.Theyarejustasintelligentandinnovativeasmen.Whatdowelearnfromprevioussurveyfindingsaboutwomenseekingleadershiproles?Theyhaveunconquerabledifficultiesontheirwaytosuccess.Theyarelackinginconfidencewhencompetingwithmen.Theirfailuresmayhavesomethingtodowithfamilyduties.Relativelyfewarehinderedintheircareeradvancement.Whatistheprimaryfactorkeepingwomenfromtakingtopleadershippositionsaccordingtotherecentsurvey?Personalitytraits.Familyresponsibilities.Genderbias.Lackofvacancies.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutcorporateAmericainthenearfuture?Moreandmorewomenwillsitintheboardroom.Genderimbalaneeinleadershipislikelytochange.Thepublicisundecidedaboutwhetherwomenwillmakegoodleaders.Peoplehaveopposingopinionsastowhetheritwillhavemorewomenleaders.WhatdomostAmericansexpecttoseesoononAmerica'spoliticalstage?Awomaninthehighestpositionofgovernment.Moreandmorewomenactivelyengagedinpolitics.Amajorityofwomenvotingforafemalepresident.Asmanywomenintopgovernmentpositionsasmen.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining.16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countries1914and2014.TheresultsrevealthatwhileSwedeswerethetallestpeopleintheworldin1914,Dutchmenhaverisenfrom12thplacetoclaimtopspotwithanaverageheightof182.5cm.Larvianwomen.Meanwhile,rosefrom28thplacein1914tobecomethetallestintheworldacenturylater,withanaverageheightof169.8cm.JamesBentham,aco-authoroftheresearchfromImperialCollege,London,saystheglobaltrendislikelytobedueprimarilytoimprovementsinnutritionandhealthcare.indiAidual'sgeneticshasabiginflueneeontheirheight,butonceyouaverageoverwholepopulations,geneticsplaysalesskeyrole, ”heaAlittleextraheightbringsanumberofadvantages,saysElioRiboliofImperialCollege.“BeingtallerisassociatedwithIongerlifeexpectancy, ”hesalargelyduetoalowerriskofdyingofcardiovascular （心血管的）diseaseamongtallerpeople. ”Butwhileheighthasincreasedaroundtheworld,thetrendinmanycountriesofnorthandsub-SaharanAfricacausesconcern,saysRiboli.WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury,thetrendhasreversedinrecentyears,withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.“Onereasonforthesedecreasesinheightistheeconomicsituationinthe1980s,saidAlexanderMoradioftheUniversithofSussex.Thenutritionalandhealthcrisesthatfollowedthepolicyofstructuraladjustment,hesays,ledtomanychildrenandteenagersfailingtoreachtheirfullpotentialintermsofheight.Benthambelievetheglobalrtendofincreasingheighthasimportantimplications. “Howtallwearenowisstronglyinflueneedbytheenvironmentwegrewupin,”hesaid.“Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome. ”Whatdoestheglobalstudytellusaboutpeople 'sheightinthelasthundredyears?Thereisaremarkablediffereneeacrosscontinents.Therehasbeenamarkedincreaseinmostcountries.Theincreaseinpeople 'sheighthasbeenquickening.Theincreaseinwomen 'sheightisbiggerthanin