2022中考英语语法

英语语法AdjectivesandAdverbs形容词、副词区别几组易混淆的副词、形容词already常用于肯定句、个别疑问句;yet常用于否定句、疑问句Thetrainhasalreadygone.Theyhaven’tcomebackyet.such修饰名词so修饰形容词、副词Ihaveneverseensuchaninterestingfilm.ThisboxissoheavythatIcan’tcarryit.alone(单独、独自)作表语=byoneselflonely(孤独的)可作表语、定语Helivedalone,buthedidn’tfeellonely.It’salonelyvillage.hard(努力地)hardly(几乎不)否定副词Sheworksveryhard,andhehardlyhasarestonSundays.TheComparative&SuperlativeDegreesofAdjectives&Adverbs形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词1)一般情况加–er或–estfast–faster–fastesthigh–higher–highestclever–cleverer–cleverest规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词2)以字母e结尾加–r或–stfine–finer–finestlate–later–latestnice–nicer–nicest规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词3)重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写加–er或–estfat–fatter–fattestbig–bigger–biggestthin–thinner–thinnest规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词4)以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加–er或–estearly–earlier–earliesteasy–easier–easiestlucky–luckier–luckiest规则变化部分双音节和多音节词在词前加more或mostslowly-moreslowly-mostslowlyeasily-moreeasily-mosteasilycarefully-morecarefully-mostcarefully不规则变化good/well–better–bestmany/much–more–mostlittle–less–leastfar–farther–farthest(far–further–furthest)bad/badly/ill–worse–worst形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法1)表示两者（人或事物）的比较时用比较级，通常用连词than引导，表示“较······”或“更······一些”的意思Thiscakeismoredeliciousthanthatone.LiLeijumpedfartherthanJim(did).2)表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较用最高级，最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带of（in,among）短语来说明比较的范围ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.Lucysings(the)bestofall.Heisthemostcarefulamongus.3)在表示“和······一样······”和“不及······”这类概念时，可以用“as+原级+as”和“notas（so）+原级+as”的句型Ourteacherisasbusyasbefore.Hedoesnotrunso(as)fastasI.4)可用much,still,alittle,even,far,threeyears等表示程度的状语来修饰比较级SheismuchtallerthanMrs.Liu.HeisthreeyearsolderthanI.Thisproblemisalittlemoredifficultthantheotherone.5)几种比较级的使用句型1.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越······”YourEnglishisgettingbetterandbetter.你的英语越来越好了。ThesedaysmoreandmorepeoplearelearningEnglish.现在学英语的人越来越多了。“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越······就越······”Themore,thebetter.越多越好。Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.他越忙越高兴。3.“more(less)than”表示“不止，不到”Sheismorethanthirty.她三十多岁了。Thelightestweighslessthan50kilograms.最轻的不到五十公斤。4.“moreorless”表示“差不多，或多或少”Theproblemismoreorlesssolved.这个问题差不多已经解决了。Isitstraight?–Moreorless.它直吗？–差不多吧。6).注意点形容词最高级前一定要用the，副词最高级前可省略在比较级中为了避免重复，在the后常用one，that，those等词来替代前面提到过的名词Thispenisshorterthanthatone.TheweatherhereiswarmerthanthatofShanghai.3.用or连接两项需作比较的内容时，须用比较级；若or连接三项或三项以上的内容时，则须用最高级Whoistaller,MaryorJane?Whichisbiggest,thesun,themoonortheearth?7)掌握几种同义句转换1.Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.=Heistallerthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.=Heistallerthananyoftheotherstudentsinhisclass.=Heisthetallest(student)inhisclass.3.IprefermathstoEnglish.=IlikemathsbetterthanEnglish.4.Theboxistooheavyforhimtocarry.=Theboxissoheavythathecan’tcarryit.=Theboxisnotlightenoughforhimtocarry.Exercises选择(A)1Whogetshomeusually____inyourfamily?A.thelatestB.laterC.earlyD.aslate(B)2Themorewelookedatthepicture,____.A.welikeitlessB.thelesswelikeditC.betterwelikeditD.itlookedbetter(B)3Whatapity.Lucyran____thanLily.A.afewmoreslowlyB.alittlemoreslowlyC.muchmoreslowlyD.littleslowlier(B)4Don’tworry.Yourbabyislookedafter____here,thenursearevery____.A.careful,carefullyB.carefully,carefulC.care,carelessD.careless,care(C)5Theideabecame____.Hewantedtotry____.A.strangly,itoutB.strangly,outitC.strange,itoutD.strange,outit(C)6Beijingis____biggestcitiesinChina.A.thefirstB.oneofC.thesecondD.second用词的适当形式填空1Heworksvery__________.He__________hasarestonSunday.(hard)2__________,hedidn’tfailintheexam.(luck)3Hewasso__________thathecouldn’tbelievethis__________news.(surprise)4Hewon’tdoit.Iwon’tdoit,__________.(too)5Mr.Greenisfeeling__________enoughtogotowork.(good)6Theoldmanlooksvery_______________thanyouthink.(friend)7Thisboxisnotso______asthatone.(heavy)8Lucyjumped__________ofthefour.(high)Pronouns代词代词的分类人称代词PersonalPronouns物主代词PossessivePronouns反身代词SelfPronouns不定代词IndefinitePronouns指示代词DemonstrativePronouns疑问代词InterrogativePronouns人称代词PersonalPronouns数单数复数人称一二三一二三主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格me youhimherit us yourthem1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格Theyalllikehimverymuch.他们都很喜欢他。Shegavethebookstoyouandme.这些书是她送给你和我的。2.人称代词在作表语时，用宾格Who’sknockingatthedoor?–It’sme.谁敲门？-是我。3.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”You,sheandIallenjoythemusic.你我她都喜欢音乐。4.she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等Weloveourmotherland,wehopeshe’llbestrongerandbigger.我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。Theshipisleaving.She’sonherfirsttriptoBoston.轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。5.it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等What’theweatherliketoday?–It’swindy.今天的天气怎么样？-有风。It’saboutfiveminutes’walkfromhometoschool.从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。6.it可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳It’shardtoreachtheapples.很难够到苹果。It’sgoodforyoutakingawalkaftersupper.对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。物主代词PossessivePronouns形容词性名词性my mineyouryourshishisher hersitsitsouroursyouryourstheirtheirs1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语Mybrotherisaworker.我弟弟是个工人。Hisparentsareveryfriendly.他的父母非常友善。2.名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语Whosedictionaryisthis?–It’smine.这字典是谁的？-我的。Ourroomisbigandtheirsissmall.我们的房间大，他们的房间小。Youmayusemypen.I’llusehers.你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。3.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。Thesebooksaren'tours.Oursarenew.(ourbooks=ours)Thisisnotourroom.Oursisoverthere.(ourroom=ours)4.“of+名词性物主代词”表示所属Asisterofhisisanurse.他的一个妹妹是个护士。Tomisafriendofmine我的一个朋友反身代词SelfPronouns单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves1.反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语和同位语Hethinksmoreofothersthanofhimself.他想到别人比想到自己更多一些。Thatpoorboywasmyself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。Hehimselfwasadoctor.他本人就是一个大夫。Imyselfcanworktheproblemout.我能亲自算出这道题2.反身代词有以下常见搭配enjoyoneself=haveagoodtimebyoneself=alonehelponeselfto…learnsth.byoneself

=teachoneselfsth.注意：oneself有单复数之分Ienjoymyself.Children,helpyourselvestosomefish.几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词1.some/anysome（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中Therearesomeflowersinfrontofthehouse.any（一些,任何）多用于疑问句和否定句Doyouhaveanypicture-books?注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中Wouldyoulikesomemeat?你想要些肉吗？MayIasksomequestions?我可以问问题吗？CouldIhavesomeapples?我可以吃苹果吗？Willyougivemesomewater?你能给我些水吗？2.many/muchmany修饰或指代复数名词Therearemanyeggsinthebasket.Manyofuslikeplayinggames.much修饰或指代不可数名词Hedoesn’tknowmuchEnglish.3.another/otheranother泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个Idon’twantthiscoat.Pleaseshowmeanother.other后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?4.theother/others/theotherstheother1.特指两个中的另一个Hehastwosons.Oneisaworker,theotherisadoctor.2.修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些Tomlikesswimming,andtheotherboysinhisclasslikeswimming,too.others泛指其他的人或物Heoftenhelpsothers.Someareplayingbasketball,othersareplayingfootball.theothers特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物Therearefiftystudentsinourclass.Twentyofthemaregirls,theothersareboys.5.few/afew/little/alittlefew/afew修饰可数名词little/alittle修饰不可数名词few,little表示否定意义,译为“没有几个”，“没有多少”afew,alittle表示肯定意义,译为“有几个”，“有一点”Therearefewpeoplelivinghere.这里几乎没人住。Thereareafewstudentsintheclassroom.教室里有一些学生。IknowlittleEnglish.我不懂英语。Thereisalittlemilkinthebottle.瓶子里有些牛奶。few和little与quite或only连用时，常加不定冠词aTherearequiteafewnewbooksinthelibrary.图书馆里颇有些新书。6.every/eachevery＋单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of连用Everychildlikesplayinggames.each表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of连用Eachstudentwasaskedtotryagain.Eachofthemhasaniceskirt.7.all/noneall“(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前WeareallfromCanada.TheyalllikeEnglish.none“没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可）Noneofusis/areafraidofdogs.8.both/either/neitherboth“（两者）都”,作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数Myparentsarebothteachers.=Bothofmyparentsareteachers.neither“(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数Neitheranswerisright.either“两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.=Therearetreesonbothsidesofthestreet.★有关词组及应用A.bothof/eitherof/neitherofBothofthemswimwell.他们俩都游得很好。EitherofyougoestoBeijing.你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。Neitherofthemstoppedtohavearest.他们俩谁都不停下来休息。B.both…and（谓语动词用复数形式）either…or/neither…nor(谓语动词遵循就近原则)BothTomandLucyareinGradeTwo.Tom和Lucy都在二年级。Eithermyfatherormymothercooksathome.或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。NeitherhenorIamfreetoday.我和他今天都没空。9.Something/anything/nothingSomebody/anybody/nobody当形容词修饰这些不定代词时，常后置Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Isthereanythingelseinthebox?Nobodycananswerthequestion.指示代词DemonstrativePronouns表示空间和时间远近关系的代词包括:this/that(单数)these/those(复数)1.this,these指在方位上较近的人或物that,those指在方位上较远的人或物Thisismyshirt,that’syours.TheseTVsaremadeinChina,thosearemadeinJapan.2.that,those常指前面提过的东西,以免重复Theseboxesareheavierthanthoseonthedesk.3.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用thatHewasillyesterday.I’msorrytohearthat.疑问代词InterrogativePronouns用来构成特殊疑问句的代词常见有：whowhomwhosewhatwhich通常做主语\宾语\定语\表语Whatmakesyouthinklikethat?\做主语\Who(Whom)wereyoutalkingwith?\做宾语\WhichbusdoIneed?\做定语\What’syourfather?\做表语\注意：在口语中，Who和Whom通用，但在介词后只能用WhomWithwhomdidheplaygames?Withwhodidheplaygames?(错)2.Thisfilmislessinterestingthanthatone=Thisfilmisn'tasinterestingasthatone=Thatfilmismoreinterestingthanthisone.改错1Don’tworry.Thereislittletimeleft.(Don’tworry.Thereisalittletimeleft.)2Hisbookisquitedifferentfromme.(Hisbookisquitedifferentfrommine)3Shehastwocats.Oneiswhite,anotherisblack.Shehastwocats.Oneiswhite,theotherisblack.4Ihaveinterestingsomethingtotellyou.(Ihavesomethinginterestingtotellyou.)5Pleasegivemeit.(Pleasegiveittome)6Everyofuswantstohavealookatyourphoto.Eachofuswantstohavealookatyourphoto.7HesitsinfrontofJimandI.(HesitsinfrontofJimandme.)8Iliketoreceivelettersbut