DB43-T 2239-2021 闽楠次生林人工促进更新技术规程

ICS

65.020.40CCS

B

43湖 南 省 地 方 标 准DB43/T

2239—2021闽楠次生林人工促进更新技术规程Technical

regulation

forArtificial

Promotion

regenerationof

secondary

forest

of

Phoebe

bournei2021

-

12

-

07

发布

2022

-

-

实施湖南省市场监督管理局

发

布DB43/T

2239— 前言························································································································

Ⅲ1 ·····················································································································

12 规范性引用文件······································································································13术语和定义············································································································13.1 次生林············································································································13.2 林窗···············································································································14培育目标···············································································································15 立地质量要求·········································································································16 种实采集与处理······································································································26.1 种实采集·········································································································26.2 种实处理·········································································································26.3 种子检测·········································································································27 林窗作业···············································································································27.1 面积···············································································································27.2 清理···············································································································27.3 整地···············································································································28 人工促进更新·········································································································38.1 人工促进更新类型·····························································································

38.2 人工促进天然更新·····························································································

38.3 人工播种更新···································································································38.4 植苗更新·········································································································39 ···············································································································49.1 幼林抚育·········································································································49.2 修枝···············································································································49.3施肥···············································································································49.4伐除边际木······································································································410 病虫害防治···········································································································510.1 茎腐病···········································································································510.2 梢象鼻虫

·······································································································510.3 蝽蟓··············································································································511 档案管理··············································································································5DB43/T

2239— 本文件按照

GB/T

—2020《标准化工作导则 第

1

部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规定起草。请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。本文件由湖南省林业局提出。本文件由湖南省林业标准化技术委员会归口。本文件起草单位：中南林业科技大学、永州市金洞国有林场。IIIDB43/T

2239—1

林窗作业、人工促进更新、抚育管理、病虫害防治与档案管理。本文件适用于闽楠次生林人工促进更新。2

规范性引用文件文件。GB/T

2772 林木种子检验方法GB

6000 主要造林树种苗木质量分级GB/T

15776 造林技术规程LY/T

1607 造林作业设计规程3

术语和定义下列术语和定义适用于本文件。3.1次生林

森林经采伐或其他因素破坏后，通过自然恢复而成的森林。3.2林窗

gap森林群落中上层乔木死亡，或人为伐除部分林木，导致在林地上方无林冠层覆盖的空隙。4

培育目标培育形成的林分其闽楠的胸高断面积占乔木树种胸高总断面积的

％以上。5

立地质量要求肥沃，通气透水良好的红壤、黄红壤和山地黄壤，改造地要求的详细条件见表

1。

pH

15

80

10

cm

25

cm10

cmDB43/T

2239—表

1 次生林地人工促进更新林地选择条件表表

1 次生林地人工促进更新林地选择条件表高低于

7.5

m，林窗的最小面积应不低于

25

m

。6.1 种实采集选择生长健壮、主干通直、分枝高、树冠发达、无病虫害、结实多的优良母树为采种树。在

11

月到

12

月间果实由绿色转紫黑色时开始采收。6.2 种实处理种实采回后应尽快处理。先用清水浸泡

2

d～3

d，除去果皮与果肉，然后在浓度为

2％的洗衣粉水溶液中浸泡

2

h

层积，沙的持水量为

60％左右。沙与种子的体积比为

3∶1，层积厚度不超过

50

cm，层积时间

40

d

以上，层积温度控制在

1

10

℃。层积期间，每隔

15

d

应检查沙的干湿状况并翻动一次。6.3种子检测播种前应对种子进行质量检测，具体的技术操作按

GB/T

2772

规定执行。7

林窗作业7.1面积27.2清理

1

个月～2

砍杂归带，将砍倒的杂灌草有序堆放到林中。7.3整地砍杂除灌后，应对林窗内的土地沿等高线进行带状翻耕和整地，带宽

1

m，翻耕深度

cm，表层土壤应细碎。开点播穴，1

穴

/m

，穴深

3开点播穴，1

穴

/m

，穴深

3

cm～4

cm，穴径

10

cm～15

cm。将经过处理的种子均匀地点播到点播8

人工促进更新8.1 人工促进更新类型包括人工促进天然更新、人工播种更新和植苗更新。8.2 人工促进天然更新存在闽楠优良母树，天然下种良好的次生林，在距离母树主干

20

m～30

m

范围内开设一定数量的林窗并进行林窗作业，促进种子萌发和幼苗生长，实现闽楠次生林的人工促进天然更新。8.3 人工播种更新8.3.1 林地准备天然下种不良或无母树的次生林，根据培育目标，开设一定数量的林窗并进行林窗作业。8.3.2种子准备3

月中旬，将闽楠种子用

％高锰酸钾液浸种消毒

2

h，然后在

30

℃温水中浸种

1

d

12

h换水

1

次。8.3.32穴中，每穴

2

3

颗种子，用本土覆盖。8.4 植苗更新8.4.1 天然下种不良或无母树的次生林，进行林窗作业后，植苗更新前按照株行距

2m×

的规格开穴，穴的规格不低于

50

cm×

cm×50

。8.4.2 回土与施基肥先回填表土

cm

左右，每穴施入复合肥（N∶P2O5∶K2∶2∶1）200

g～

g，与土适当混匀后，再将土全部填入，将穴填平或略高于地面。8.4.3 宜采用Ⅰ级裸根苗或容器苗造林，苗木的分级标准按照

6000

执行。祼根苗造林前

1

d，应将圃掉

1/2

或

2/3,也可全部剪掉。8.4.4 造林前，应根据

LY/T

1607

造林作业设计规程进行造林作业设计。林窗内，按株行距

2

m×2

m

进行植苗造林，造林按

GB/T

15776

3

月中旬完成植苗造林。668210

；9

抚育管理9.1 幼林抚育9.1.1 松土与除草

3

年每年松土

3

次～5

幼树根系为原则。林窗内幼树生长的地方要及时除草，做到林窗内基本无杂草。植苗造林更新的林窗，前

3

年每年除杂灌草

2

次，在

5

6

8

9

月进行。所有林窗，更新后的第

4

年和第

5

年，每年抚育

2

5

6

月和

8

月～9

月进行。9.1.2 人工促进天然更新的林窗，幼树分布不均匀，在幼树高

5

cm～7

时选择阴雨天或晴天傍晚进行

12

1

2

年的生长季结束后，按照

2

m×2

m

的株行距留下

1

株最健壮的幼树进行培育。人工播种更新的林窗，更新第

2

年的生长季结束后，每穴留下

1

株最健壮的幼树进行培育。9.2 修枝更新后的

3

年～5

枝高度应控制在树