人教版高中英语课文电子版全辑

必修一Unit1ANNE’SBESTFRIENDDoyouwantafriendwhomyoucouldtelleverythingto,likeyourdeepestfeelingsandthoughts?Orareyouafraidthatyourfriendwouldlaughatyou,orwouldnotunderstandwhatyouaregoingthrough?AnneFrankwantedthefirstkind,soshemadeherbestfriend.AnnelivedinAmsterdaminNetherlandsduringWouldWarⅡ.HerfamilywasJewishsotheyhadtohideortheywouldbecaughtbytheGermanNazi.Sheandherfamilyhidawayfornearlytwenty-fivemonthsbeforetheywerediscovered.Duringthattimetheonlytruefriendwasherdiary.Shesaid,”Idon’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiaryasmostpeopledo,butIwantthisdiaryitselftobemyfriend,andIshallcallmyfriendKitty.”NowreadhowshefeltafterbeinginthehidingplacesinceJuly1942.Thursday15thJune1944DearKitty,Iwonderifit’sbecauseIhaven’tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI’vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.Icanwellrememberthattherewasatimewhenadeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.That’schangedsinceIwashere.…Forexample,oneeveningwhenitwassowarm,Istayedawakeonpurposeuntilhalfpasteleveninordertohaveagoodlookatthemoonbymyself.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididn’tdareopenawindow.Anothertimefivemonthsago,Ihappenedtobeupstairsatduskwhenthewindowwasopen.Ididn’tgodownstairsuntilthewindowhadtobeshut.Thedark,rainyevening,thewind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower;itwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI’dseenthenightfacetoface….…Sadly…Iamonlyabletolookatnaturethroughdirtycurtainshangingbeforeverydustywindows.it’snopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecausenatureisonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced.Your,AnneFriday,10July1942WhenwearrivedatPrinsengracht,wewentquicklyupstairsandthehidingplace.Weclosedthedoorbehindusandwewerealone.Margothadcomefasteronherbicycleandalreadywaitingforus.Alltheroomswerefullofboxes.Theylayonthefloorandthebeds.Thelittleroomwasfilledwithbedclothes.Wehadtostartclearingupatonce,ifwewishedtosleepincomfortablebedsthatnight.MummyandMargotwerenotabletohelp.Theyweretiredandlaydownontheirbeds.ButDaddyandI,thetwo“helper”ofthefamily,startedatonce.Thewholedayweunpackedtheboxes,filledthecupboardsandtidied,untilwewereextremelytired.Wedidsleepincleanbedsthatnight.Wehadn’thadanywarmfoodtoeatallday,butwedidn’tcare.MummyandMargotweretootiredandworriedtoeat,andDaddyandIweretoobusy.FRIENDSHIPINHAWAIIEveryculturehasitsownwaystoshowfriendship.OntheislandsofHawaii,friendshipispartofthe“alohaspirit”.InthelanguageoftheHawaiianswhofirstsettledtheislandslongago,alohahadaveryspecialmeaning.Thatis“tobewithhappiness”.Hawaiiansbelievethatoncesomebodylovestheland,theyarereadytolovetheirpeopleorcommunity.Thisisthesecondmostimportsignoffriendship.ItiscalledlokahiinHawaiianlanguage,whichmeans“onenesswithallpeople”.Toenjoythelandyoushouldnotbeselfish.Thelandisforeveryonewholivesonit.TodaymanydifferentpeoplecallHawaiitheirhome.Indeed,Hawaiiisaplacewherepeoplemakeonebigcommunityfrommanysmallercommunities.Eachpersongiveskokua(help)tootherpeoplesothatallfellstronger.It’sbelievedthattheislandscanbeaparadisewhenthepeopleliveinpeace.Peoplearetoldthattheiractionsshouldbeasgentleasthewindthatblowsfromthesea.Whenproblemshappen,peopleareaskedtosolvethemwithunderstanding.SowhenpeopleofHawaiitalkaboutohana(family),theyarereallytalkingaboutallthosewholiveontheislands.Livinginpeace,Hawaiianshavedevelopedathirdsignoffriendship.Thispersonalfriendshipisshownbygivingleistooneanother.Thelie,astringofflowers,isputoverafriend’sneck.Thenthefriendisgivenakissoncheek.Visitorstotheislandsarealsogivenlies.Whentheyhearaloha,visitorsbegintofeelathome.Alohaalsomeans“goodbye”,sovisitorswillhearitagainwhentheyleave.Itcanalsomean“ourheartssingingtogether”.Perhapsthisishowmostvisitorswillremembertheirnewfriendship.Unit2THEROADTOMODERNENGLISHAttheendofthe16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.NearlyallofthemlivedinEngland.Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat,Englishbegintobespokeninmanyothercountries.Today,morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst,secondoraforeignlanguagethaneverbefore.NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon'tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.Lookatthiskindofexample:BritishBetty:Wouldyouliketoseemyflat?AmericanAmy:Yes.I’dliketocomeuptoyourapartment.SowhyhasEnglishchangedovertime?Actuallyalllanguageschangeanddevelopwhenculturesmeetandcommunicatewitheachother.AtfirsttheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferenttheEnglishspokentoday.ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.ThengraduallybetweenaboutAD800to1150,EnglishbecamelesslikegermenbecausethosewhoruledEnglandspokefirstDanishandlaterFrench.ThesenewsettlersenrichedtheEnglishlanguageandespeciallyitsvocabulary.Sobythe1600’sShakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.In1620someBritishsettlersmovedtoAmerican.Laterinthe18thcenturysomeBritishpeopleweretakentoAustraliatoo.Englishbegantobespokeninbothcountries.Finallybythe19thcenturythelanguagewassettled.AtthattimetwobigchangesinEnglishspellinghappened:firstSamuelJohnsonwrotehisdictionaryandlaterNoahWebsterwroteTheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.ThelattergaveaseparateidentitytoAmericanEnglishspelling.EnglishnowisalsospokenasaforeignorsecondlanguageinSouthAsia.Forexample,IndiahasaverylargenumberoffluentEnglishspeakersbecauseBritainruledIndiafrom1765to1947.duringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducation.EnglishisalsospokeninSingaporeandMalaysiaandcountriesinAfricasuchasSouthAfrica.TodaythenumberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidly.Infact,ChinamayhavethelargestnumberofEnglishlearners.WillChineseEnglishdevelopitsownidentity?Onlytimewilltell.STANDARDENGLISHANDDIALECTSWhatisstandardEnglish?IsitspokeninBritain,theUS,Canada,Australia,IndiaandNewZealand?Believeitornot,thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.ManypeoplebelievetheEnglishspokenonTVandtheradioisstandardEnglish.Thisisbecauseintheearlydaysofradio,thosewhoreportedthenewswereexpectedtospeakexcellentEnglish.However,onTVandtheradioyouwillheardifferencesinthewaypeoplespeak.Whenpeopleusewordsandexpressionsdifferentfromthe“standardlanguage”,itiscalledadialect.AmericanEnglishhasmanydialects,especiallytheMidwestern,southern,AfricanAmericanandSpanishdialects.EveninsomepartsoftheUSA,twopeoplefromneighbouringtownsspeakalittledifferently.AmericanEnglishhassomanydialectsbecausepeoplehavecomefromallovertheworld.Geographyalsoplaysapartinmakingdialects.SomepeoplewholiveinthemountainsoftheeasternUSAspeakwithanolderkindofEnglishdialect.WhenAmericansmovedfromoneplacetoanother,theytooktheirdialectswiththem.SopeoplefromthemountainsinthesoutheasternUSAspeakwithalmostthesamedialectsaspeopleinthenorthwesternUSA.TheUSAisalargecountryinwhichmanydifferentdialectsarespoken.AlthoughmanyAmericansmovealot,theystillrecognizeandunderstandeachother’sdialects.THEOXFORDENGLISHDICTIONARYYoumaythinkthatEnglishdictionarieshavebeenusedformany,manycenturies.ThespellingofEnglishhasalwaysbeenaproblembutitwasmoreofaprobleminthedaysbeforeadictionary.Thenpeoplecouldspellwordindifferentwayswhichyoumightfinditinteresting.ButitmadereadingEnglishmuchmoredifficult.Sodictionarieswereinventedtoencourageeverybodytospellthesame.Infact,anEnglishdictionarylikethekindyouusetodaywasn’tmadeuntilthetimeofthelateQingDynasty.Theremendidmostoftheimportantearlyworkondictionaries:SamuelJohnson,NoahWebster,andJamesMurray.Thesemenspentnearlyalloftheirlivestryingtocollectwordsfortheirdictionaries.Forthem,itwasn’tonlyajob;itwasawonderfuljourneyofdiscovery.ThelargestdictionaryintheworldistheOxfordEnglishDictionary,orOEDforshort.TheideaforthisdictionarycamefromanimportantmeetinginBritainin1857.Twenty-twoyearslater,OxfordMurrayhadneverbeentocollege.Attheageoffourteen,helefthisvillageschoolinScotlandandtaughthimselfwhileworkinginabank.Laterhebecameagreatteacher.AfterOxfordgavehimthejob,Murrayhadaplacebuiltinthegardenbehindhishousetodohiswork.Partofitwasonemeterunderground.Inwinteritfeltlikeabarn,hehadtowearaheavycoatandputhisfeetinaboxtokeepwarm.Everymorning,Murraygotoutofbedatfiveo’clockandworkedseveralhoursbeforebreakfast.Oftenhewouldworkbythecandlelightintotheevening.Murrayhopedtofinishthenewdictionaryintenyears.Butafterfiveyears,hewasstilladdingwordsfortheletterA!thenotherswenttoworkwithMurray,includinghistwodaughters.Heworkedonthedictionaryuntilhewasveryold.Forty-fouryearslater,in1928,othereditorsfinishedit.Itincludedmorethan15,000pagesintwelvebooks.Andyouthoughtyourdictionarywasbig!Unit3JOURNEYDOWNTHEMEKONGPART1THEDREAMANDTHEPLANMynameisWangKun.Eversincemiddleschool,mysisterWangWeiandIhavedreamedabouttakingagreatbiketrip.Twoyearsagosheboughtanexpensivemountainbikeandthenshepersuadedmetobuyone.Lastyear,shevisitedourcousins,DaoWeiandYuHangattheircollegeinKunming.TheyareDaiandgrewupinwesternYunnanProvinceneartheLancangRiver,theChinesepartoftheriverthatiscalledtheMekongRiverinothercountries.WangWeisoongottheminterestedincyclingtoo.Aftergraduatingfromcollege.wefinallygotthechancetotakeabiketrip.Iaskedmysister,"Wherearewegoing?"ItwasmysisterwhofirsthadtheideatocyclealongtheentireIamfondofmysisterbutshehasoneseriousshortcoming.Shecanbereallystubborn.Althoughshedidn'tknowthebestwayofgettingtoplaces,sheinsistedthatsheorganizethetripproperly.Now,Iknowthattheproperwayisalwaysherway.Ikeptaskingher,"Whenareweleavingandwhenarewecomingback?"Iaskedherwhethershehadlookedatamapyet.Ofcourse,shehadn't;mysisterdoesn'tcareaboutdetails.SoItoldherthatthesourceoftheMekongisinQinghaiSeveralmonthsbeforeourtrip,WangWeiandIwenttothelibrary.Wefoundalargeatlaswithgoodmapsthatshoweddetailsofworldgeography.FromtheatlaswecouldseethattheMekongRiverbeginsinaglacieronaTibetanmountain.Atfirsttheriverissmallandthewaterisclearandcold.Thenitbeginstomovequickly.Itbecomesrapidsasitpassesthroughdeepvalleys,travellingacrosswesternYunnanProvince.Sometimestheriverbecomesawaterfallandenterswidevalleys.WewerebothsurprisedtolearnthathalfoftheriverisinChina.AfteritleavesChinaandthehighaltitude,theMekongbecomeswide，brownandwarm.AsitentersPART2ANIGHTINTHEMOUNTAINSAlthoughitwasautumn,thesnowwasalreadybeginningtofallinTibet.Ourlegsweresoheavyandcoldthattheyfeltlikeblocksofice.Haveyoueverseensnowmenridebicycles?That’swhatwelookedlike!Alongthewaychildrendressedinlongwoolcoatsstoppedtolookatus.Inthelateafternoonwefounditwassocoldthatourwaterbottlesfroze..However,thelakesshonelikeglassinthesettingsunandlookedwonderful.Wangweirodeinfrontofmeasusual.SheisveryreliableandIknewIdidn’tneedtoencourageher.Toclimbthemountainswashardworkbutaswelookedaroundus,weweresurprisedbytheview.Weseemedtobeabletoseeformiles.Atonepointweweresohighthatwefoundourselvescyclingthroughclouds.Thenwebegangoingdownthehills.Itwasgreatfunespeciallyasitgraduallybecamemuchwarmer.Inthevalleyscolourfulbutterfliesflewaroundusandwesawmanyyaksandsheepeatinggreengrass.Atthispointwehadtochangeourcaps,coats,glovesandtrousersforT-shirtsandshorts.Intheearlyeveningwealwaysstoptomakecamp.Weputupourtentandthenweeat.AftersupperWangWeiputherheaddownonherpillowandwenttosleepbutIstayedawake.Atmidnighttheskybecameclearerandthestarsgrewbrighter.Itwassoquiet.Therewasalmostnowind—onlytheflamesofourfireforcompany.AsIlaybeneaththestarsIthoughtabouthowfarwehadalreadytravelled.WewillreachDaliinYunnanPART6THEENDOFOURJOUNEYCambodiawasinmanywayssimilartoLaos,althoughithastwicethepopulation.Atanotherinn,wetalkedwithateacherwhotoldusthathalfofthepeopleinhercountrycouldn’treadorwrite.Hervillagecouldn’tevenaffordtobuildaschool,soshehadtoteachoutsideunderalargetent.Whenwesaidgoodbye,weallfeltveryluckytohavestudiedincollege.Backontheroad,wepassedbetweenmanyhillsandforests.ThenwecametotheplainsandenteredPhnomPenh,thecapitalofCambodia.InmanywaysitlookedlikeVientianeandHoChiMinhCity;italsohadwidestreetswithtreesinrowsandoldFrenchhouses.UnlikeVientiane,shipscouldtraveltheMekongRiverhere.Inthecenterofthecitywevisitedthepalaceandabeautifulwhiteelephant.Itcanonlybeseenoutsidethepalaceonspecialdays.Weateanearlysupperandwenttoseeagreattemplewithfloorsmadeofsliver.Thenextmorningourgroupsleptlate.Wewereverytiredfromthelongbikeridethedaybefore.Cyclinginthehillshadbeendiffcuilt.NowourcouinshadthechancetomakejokesaboutWangweiandme.Perhaps,theysaid,theywerethestrongones!Wehadlunchataniceoutdoorcafe,thenrodeoutofthecity.TwodayslaterwecrossedtheborderintoVietnam.Webegantoseemanymorepeople,butIwasn’tsurprised.IreadinanatlasbeforeourtripthatVietnamhasalmostseventimesthepopulationofCambodia.Wemetafarmerwhogaveusdirectionsandtoldusthathegrowsanewricecropfourtimeseveryyearsohecanfeedmorepeople.Healsotoldusthatthenorthernpartofhiscountryhasmanymountainsanditismuchcoolerthanhereinthesouth,whereitisflat.Althoughtheflatdeltamadeiteasierforustocycle.wegotwarmveryquickly.Sowedranklotsofwaterandatelotsofbananas.Soonthedeltaseparatedintoninesmallerrivers.Twodayslater,afterwehadpassedthousandsofricefields,wecametothesea.Weweretiredbutalsoinhighspirits:ourdreamtocyclealongtheMekongUnit4ANIGHTTHEEARTHDID’TSLEEPStrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrisideofnorthestHeBei.Fortheredaysthewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell,roseandfell.Farmersnoticedthatthewellwallshaddeepcracksinthem.Asmellygascameoutofthecracks.Inthefarmeryards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide.fishjumpedoutoftheirbowlsandponds.Atabout3:00amonJuly28,1976,somepeoplesawbrightlightsinthesky.Thesoundoftheplanescouldbeheardoutsidethecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.At3:42ameverythingbegantoshake.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!Elevenkilometresdirectlybelowthecitythegreastearthquakeof20thcenturyhadbegun.ItwasfeltinBeijing,whichismorethantwohundredkilometresaway.One-thirdofthenationfeltit.Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometreslongandthirtymetreswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.Steamburstfromholesintheground.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargelayinruins.Thesufferingofthepeoplewasextreme.Tow-thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.Thoundsoffamilieswerekilledandmanychidrenwereleftwithoutparents.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.Buthowcouldthesurvivorsbelieveitwasnatural?Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.Allofthecity’shospitals,75%ofitsfactoriesandbuildingsand90%ofitshomesweregone.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves.Nowind,however,couldbelowtheyaway.Twodamsandmostofthebridgesalsofellorwerenotsafefortravelling.Therailwaytrackswerenowuselesspiecesofsteel.Tensofthousandsofcowswouldnevergivemilkagain.Halfamillionpigsandmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewereshocked.Thenlaterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.Someoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.Morebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andeletricitywerehardtoget.Peoplebegantowongderhowlongthedisaterwouldlast.Allhopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soliderstoTangshantohelptherescueworkers.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthoseweretrappedandtoburythedead.Tothenorthofthecity,mostofthe10,000minerswererescuedfromthecoalminesthere.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Freshwaterwastakentothecitybytrain,truckandplane.Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.ASAFEHOMEItissadbutthatpeopledieinearthquakesfromfallingfurnitureandbricks.Earthquakesafetyisveryimportantandthereismoretoitthanjustkeepingbuildingsfromfallingdown.Soifyourhomeisinanearthquakearea,youshouldpreparecarefullybeforetheearthquakecomes.First,makesureyoubuyahousewhichisearthquakesafe.Allpipesshouldbefixedtothewallandallwallsshouldbeespeciallythickandstrong.Youalsohavetomakesurethatthereareboltsunderneathyourhouse.Theyareoneofthemostimportantwaysofprotectingahouse.Makesurethebuildinghasnobreakenwindowsandiswellrepaired.Second,lookattheobjectsinyourhouse.Thoseinthelivingroom,whicharethemostlikelytohurtus,arecomputers,televisionsandlamps.Theycanbetiedtotablesorthemsotheywon’teasilymovearound.Thekitchen,whichisalsoverydangerous,musthavestrongdoorsonallthecupboards.Thisistheplacewheremanysmallthingsarestoredthatmightfalldown.Thewaterheatershouldhaveacaseroundittoo.Windowsarespecialproblem.Whentheybreak,glasscancausemanyaccidents,.Itisbettertousesafetyglassifyoucan,especiallyforpictures.Alwaysremember:”Itisbettertobesafethansorry.”THESTORYOFANEYEWITNESSByJackLondonNeverbeforeinhistoryhasacitybeensocompletelydestroyed.SanFranciscoisgone.Nothingisleftofitbutmemoriesandsomehousesfarfromthecentreofthecity.Itsbuninessaregone.Thefactories,hotelsandpalaceareallgonetoo.Withinanhouraftertheearthquake,thesmokeofSanFrancio’sfirescouldbeenseen160kilometresaway.Thesunisredinthedarksky.Therewasnostoppingthefires.Therewasnowaytoorganizeorcommunicate.Thesteelrailwaytrackswerenowuseless.Andthegreatpipesforcarryingwaterunderthestreetshadburst.Allofthewaysmanhadmadetokeepthecitysafeweregoneinthethirtysecondtheearthmoved.Outatseaitwascalm.Nowindcameup.Yetfromeverydirection-east,weast,north,andsouth,strongwindsblewupontheunluckycity.Manhimselfhadtomakeruinsofthecity’sbestbuildingssothattheywouldnotbeadangertothoseinthestreets.Alistofbuildingsundesteryedwasnowonlyafewaddresses.Alistofthebravemenandthewomenwouldfillalibrary.Alistofallthosekilledwillneverbemade.Amazingasitmayseem,Wednesdaynightwasaquietnight.Therewerenocrowds.Thepolicemensaidnothing;eventheirhorseswerequit.Therewerenoshoutsorpeopledoingcrazythings.InallthoseterriblehoursIsawnotonewomanwhocried,notonemanwhowasexcited.Beforethefires,throughthenight,thousandsandthousandsofpeoplewhohadlosttheirhomesleftforsafety.Somewerecoveredinblankets.Sometimeswholefamiliesputeverythingtheyownedandcouldsaveintowagons.Theyhelpedoneanotherclimbthehighhillsaroundthecity.NeverinallSanFrsncio’shistroywereherpeoplesokindasonthatterriblenight.Unit5Elias’storyMynameisElias.IamapoorworkerinSouthAfrica.ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.Iwastwelveyearsold.Itwasin1952andMandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.Heofferedguidancetopoorblackpeopleontheirlegalproblems.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,forwhichIwasgrateful.IneededhishelpbecauseIhadverylittleeducation.Ibeganschoolatsix.TheschoolwhereIstudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometersaway.Ihadtoleavebecausemyfamilycouldnotcontinuetopaytheschoolfeesandthebusfare.Icouldnotreadorwritewell.Aftertryinghard,Igotajobinagoldmine.However,thiswasatimewhenonehadtogottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.SadlyIdidnothaveitbecauseIwasnotbornthere,andIworriedaboutwhetherIwouldbecomeoutofwork.ThedaywhenNelsonMandelahelpedmewasoneofmyhappiest.HetoldmehowtogetthecorrectpaperssoIcouldstayinJohannesburg.Ibecamemorehopefulaboutmyfuture.IneverforgothowkindMandelawas.WhenheorganizedtheANCYouthLeague,IjoineditassoonasIcould.Hesaid:“Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress,untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.”Itwasthetruth.Blackpeoplecouldnotvoteorchoosetheirleaders.Theycouldnotgetthejobstheywanted.Thepartsoftowninwhichtheyhadtoliveweredecidedbywhitepeople.TheplacesoutsidethetownswheretheyweresenttolivewerethepoorestpartsofSouthAfrica.Noonecouldgrowfoodthere,.InfactasNelsonMandelasaid:“…Wewereputintoapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfightthegovernment.Wechosetoattackthelaws.Wefirstbrokethelawinawaywhichwaspeaceful;whenthiswasnotallowed…onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.”Asamatteroffact,Idonotlikeviolence…butin1963Ihelpedhimblowupsomegovernmentbuildings.ItwasverydangerousbecauseifIwascaughtIcouldbeputinprison.ButIwasveryhappytohelpbecauseIknewitwouldhelpusachieveourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.TherestofElias’storyYoucannotimaginehowthenameofRobbenIslandmadeusafraid.Itwasaprisonfromwhichnooneescaped.ThereIspentthehardesttimeofmylife.ButwhenIgotthereNelsonMandelawasalsothereandhehelpedme.MrMandelabeganaschoolforthoseofuswhohadlittlelearning.Wereadbooksunderourblanketsandusedanythingwecouldfindtomakecandlestoseethewords.Ibecameagoodstudent.IwantedtostudyfordegreebutIwasnotallowedtodothat.Later,MrMandelaallowedtheprisonguardstojoinus.Hesaidtheyshouldnotbestoppedfromstudyingfortheirdegrees.Theywerenotclevererthanme,buttheydidpasstheirexams.SoIknewIcouldgetadegreetoo.WhenIfinishedthefouryearsinprison,Iwenttofindajob.SinceIwasbettereducated,Igotajobworkinginanoffice.However,thepolicefoundoutandtoldmybossthatIhadbeeninprisonforblowingupgovernmentbuildings.SoIlostmyjob.IdidnotworkagainfortwentyyearsuntilMrMandelaandtheANCcametopowerin1994.Allthattimemywifeandchildrenhadtobegforfoodandhelpfromrelativesorfriends.LuckilyMrMandelarememberedmeandgavemeajobtakingtouristsaroundmyoldprisononRobbenIsland.IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.Alltheterrorandfearofthattimecamebacktome.Irememberedthebeatingsandthecrueltyoftheguardsandmyfriendswhohaddied.IfeltIwouldnotbeabletodoit,butmyfamilyencouragedme.TheysaidthatthejobandthepayfromthenewSouthAfricagovernmentweremyrewardafterworkingallmylifeforequalrightsfortheBlacks.Sonowat51Iamproudtoshowvisitorsovertheprison,forAfollowerofBillGatesIhavebeenafriendofBillGatesforalongtime.IknewhimwhenhewasastudentatHarvardUniversity.WeweresurprisedwhenheleftUniversitytosetuphisowncompany”Microsoft”andmakehisownsoftware.Buthewasthecleverone!HeisverygoodatwritingcomputerlanguagesandalmostallcomputersnowuseMicrosoftsoftware.Theprogram“Word”isusedfromBritaintoChina!Ofcoursehehasmadealotofmoneyandthatmakespeopleveryjealous.Theywanttostophissuccess.Eventhegovernmentisagainsthimandhastriedtobreakhiscompanyintotwoparts.Theysaythatheisunfairtootherpeoplewhowanttosellsimilarsoftware.Becausehefitshisnewsoftwarefreeineverynewcomputer,thegovernmentsaysheisstoppingothercompaniesfromsellingtheirprograms.Thisisnotfair.Everyoneshouldbeabletodowhattheycantomaketheircompanybigger.BillGateshasnotonlydonewhathecantostopothercompetitors.Heisveryrich,butheisgenerous.Hehasgivenmillionsofdollarstohelptheeducationandthehealthofmanychildrenaroundtheworld.AcompetitorsofBillGatesBillGateshasbeenverysuccessfulandbecomeveryrich.Heisverygenerousbuthowhashegothismoney?Hehasdownthisbymakingsurethatnooneelsewillbeabletocompetewithhissoftware.Hissoftwareisnotthebestbutitisusedmostwidelyintheworld.Whenheseeswhatisneeded,hemakesaprogramandproducesitquickerthananybodyelse.Tha