2023学年完整公开课版人教版UnitRobotsGrammarlym

Revisionof

ThepassiveInfinitiveUnit2Grammar动词不定式的作用

FunctionsofInfinitive

主语(subject)

宾语(object)

表语(predicative)

定语(attribute)

状语(adverbial)

宾补(objectcomplement)不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态共四种，即一般式、完成式、进行式和完成进行式。语态分为主动语态和被动语态。语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式

完成式

进行式

/完成进行式

/todotohavedonetobedoingtohavebeendoingtobedonetohavebeendone不定式的被动语态在句中的作用作主语（常用it做形式主语）

Tobeofferedsympathybyarobotisridiculous.Itisridiculoustobeofferedsympathy…翻译：被邀请参加会议是一大荣幸。Itisagreathonortobeinvitedtoattendthemeeting.2.作表语ThepartyistobeheldnextSundayevening.翻译：

Tony将由Larry的妻子Claire进行测试。TonyistobetestedoutbyLarry’swife,Claire.3.作宾语SheaskedtobesenttoworkinXinjiang.翻译：这位职员不喜欢被她的顾客嘲笑。Theclerkdidn’tliketobelaughedatbyhercustomers.4.作宾补Tonyexpectedthehousetobecompletelytransformed.Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.5.做定语Whatasweetvictorytobeenviedbythosewomen!Areyougoingtothemeeting__________intheteachers’office?(hold)tobeheld6.做状语Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonlytobetoldthatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.Itisagoodthingforhimto

havebeencriticized.Thebookissaidto

havebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.结论：如果不定式所表示的动作先于谓语动词发生，则用不定式的完成式。ObservingConclusion不定式的主动形式表示被动1.在therebe结构中。例如：

Thereisalotofhomeworktodo．(也可用tobedone)Thereisnotimetolose(tobelost).2.在“主语+be+性质形容词+todo”结构中。常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，soft,interesting，comfortable,important，expensive，cheap,fit,safe,dangerous等。例如：

Thequestionisnoteasytoanswer.Johnisdifficulttodealwith．Airinthecountrysideisfreshtobreathe.3.在“too…todo;adj./adv.enough…to…”结构中。如：Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout

．Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.4.在“with+n+todo”结构中。例如：

Withnothingtodo,helayinbed．

Withsomanyexercisestodo,Ican’tgotothecinema．5.句子的主语为不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式用主动；反之用被动形式。

比较：

Ihavealotofletterstotype．

Ihavealotofletterstobetyped.

(Iwilltypetheletters)(Someoneelsewilltypetheletters.)1.“Doyouhaveanyclothes____________(wash),Sir?”askedthemaid.2.Ican’tgooutnowasIhavealotofclothes________(wash).3.I’llgotoNewYork.Haveyouanything___________(take)toyourwifethere?tobewashedtowashtobetaken及时练6.当不定式隐含在forsbtodo结构中时。Thisisthebestbooktoread(=forus／youtoread)．

Theimportantthingtodoistolockthedoorwhenweleavethehouse．7.一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有let(出租),rent，

hire,blame等。

Thehouseistolet．

IfeltIwastoblame.Thedishesneed________________.2.Themailisintended_____________.

SentenceMakingwashsendtobewashedtobesent课堂练兵3.Thesingerrefused_________________.4.Thehouseis__________.photographselltobephotographedtobesold5.Thewallisexpected______________.painttobepaintedfrighten6.Thebirdseems_______________.tobefrightened1.Shehates

________________byherclassmates.2.Timrefused_________________byhisfathertoschool.3.Shestruggled_______________bytheFrenchvi