英语四六级考试翻译解题技巧及主要语法知识编写

英语四六级考试翻译题------解题技巧2015/11/06一、题型介绍大学英语四六考试的最后一个阶段是翻译。翻译部分为汉译英，共5个句子，一句一题，句长为15—30词。句中的一部分已用英

文给出，要求考生根据全句意思将汉语部分译成英语，约3到8个单词。考试时间5分钟。翻译须符合英语的语法结构和表达习惯，要求用词准确。该部分主要考核学生运用正确的词汇和语法结构并按英语习惯表达思想的能力。因此，要求学生在平时学习和四六级复习中熟练掌握四六级大纲规定的词汇、词组和语法知识，熟悉各种句子结构，并且能够活学活用。二、评分原则及标准1.整体内容和语言均正确，得1分。2.结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得0.5分。3.整体意思正确但语言有错误，得0.5分。4.整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。5.大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。任何翻译都要经过的三个必不可少的步骤:一是正确理解；二是确切表达；三是校核。找出每道题的考查要点。首先，考生应该找出出题人想考查的要点，逐步从脑海中提取出相应的信息。整体把握。学生在做题时必须把汉译英的部分放在整句话中进行整体把握，切忌直接把汉译英部分逐字翻译成英语。检查句子。给出答案后，考生应把每道题整体审视一下，

可采取做改错题的方法审视是否存在语法和用词错误。另外，需要注意的是，在完成这部分题目时,考生也必须注意避免如字迹潦草、书写不规范、拼写错误等问题。具体来说，包括以下内容。第一步：首先快速浏览句子，先看英语不看汉语，从而判断考查点---划线处所填句子的形式、时态。所谓形式包括：1．词组固定搭配（不定式短语、分词短语、动名词、句子等）2．虚拟3．被动所谓时态是指：根据前后已经给出的英语句子判断所填英语句子的时态。第二步：看括号里面的汉语句子，以核心谓语动词为切入点，找准主谓宾、分清定状补。

第三步：先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补，切块对应翻译，重新组合。动词注意时态，名词注意单复数。例.

Having

spent

some

time

in

the

city，he

hadno

trouble (找到去历史博物馆的路).【句意】在城市里待了一些时间后，他能毫不费力地找到去历史博物馆的路【解析】题干中已经给出havenotrouble，说明考查的是have

(no)

trouble

(in)

doing

sth．这一词组的用法，因此可以断定，考点之一必然是答案需要使用动名词形式。“找到去……的路”应该用find

the

way

to。【答案】finding

the

way

to

the

historymuseum【考查重点】动名词形式的使用，类似的用法还有：spend

sometime(in)doingsth．，it

is

nousedoingsth．，be

interested

in

doing

sth．，warn

sb．against

doingsth．等等。核心词组的搭配(如：find

the

wayto)的使用也要注意。1、精研2006年6月24日至2011年6月共11套新四级翻译真题，或2006年12月至2011年6月共11套新六级翻译真题，彻底搞懂每个考点，诸多考点反复重考；2、背熟四、六级考试核心词组；3、掌握四、六级翻译核心语法点，如虚拟语气、倒装句、定语从句、状语从句、主语从句等。四六级翻译题型三大考点1.

固定搭配考点：这是翻译中的最为核心的考点，也是近几次命题密度最高的知识点。比如说名词与动词搭配，形容词与名词搭配，动词与副词的修饰关系，名词与介词搭配，更为重要的是常见的固定词组以及固定表达，这些都可能成为考试的命题重点。例1：By

contrast,

American

mothers

were

more likely

(把 孩子的成功归因于)

natural

talent.(大纲样题)。

【考点剖析】这个题目就非常典型。有两个固定搭配考点：1)be

likely

to

do

sth;2)

owe…to/attribute…to(把…归功、因于)2.

核心语法考点：这部分语法考点大多数是以前词汇语法考题考点的重现和转移，尽管词汇单选题现在不考了，但是还是不

能忽视这部分题目，因为考点是一致的。

核心语法考点最重要的虚拟语气，其次是

倒装结构、从句知识、非谓语动词等。例：Not

only(他向我收费过高),but

he

didn’t

do

a

goodrepair

job

either(大纲样题)

【考点剖析】本题同样为典型的语法考点。考查了考生对倒装结构这个特殊语法现象的掌握情况。句首的Notonly决定了倒装连接，下文用了过去时态，因此这里需在he之前加did。所以答案应该为did

he

overcharge

me。3.核心动词以及动词短语的考查例1：Though

a

skilled

worker,(他被公司解雇了)last

week

because

of

the

economiccrisis.

【考点剖析】本题的重要考点就是考

生对“解雇”这个核心动词的翻译。可以

表示解雇的有dismiss,discharge,fire等。例题：请在5分钟内填空完毕。1、BecausesheknewFrench，she（比我们有利）。2、It’simportantthatthecollegestudents（掌握一些英语和计算机知识）。3、The

regulations

doesn’t（生效）

until

the

firstof

March.4、My

mother

wanted

me

to（从事教育工作）。5、After

arriving

at

your

new

university，thefollowingmayassistyouin（减轻文化冲击所带来的紧张感）。1、答案：had

an

advantage

over

the

rest

of

us解析：1）词组：have

an

advantage

over（比…有利）2）时态：根据前半句的knew，此处应使用一般过去时2、答案：(should)

master

some

English

andcomputer

knowledge.解析：1）从句：主语从句it

is

important

that…2）虚拟语气：此处主语从句应使用should+动词原形，should可以省略3、答案：come/go

into

effect解析：词组：come/go

into

effect（生效）4、答案：go

in

for

teaching

/engage

ineducation解析：词组：go

in

for

/engage

in（从事）5、答案：reducing/remitting

/relieving

thestrain

of

cultural

shock解析：1）动名词：assist

somebody

in

doingsomething2）词组：cultural

shock（文化冲击）请试做CET4,2009.12的翻译87You

would

not

have

failed

if

you

(按照我的指令去做).88.

Despite

the

hardship

he

encountered,

Marknever

(放弃对知识的追求).89.

Scientists

agree

that

it

will

be

a

long

time

(我们找到治愈癌症的方法).90.

Production

has

to

be

increased

considerably to

(与消费者不断增长的需 求保持同步).91.

The

more

exercise

youtake,

(你越不大可能得感冒).87.had

followed

my

instructions/orders88.gave

up

pursuing

knowledge89.before

we

find

the

methods

of

curingcancers/

before

we

find

the

cure

for

cancer 90.keep

pace

with

the

increasingdemands

of

consumers或keep

up

with

thegrowing

needs

of

consumers91.the

fewer

chances

you

will catch

acold/the

less

possibility

you

will

catch

a

cold请试做CET4,2010.6的翻译87、Because

of

noise

outside,

Nancy

had

greatdifficulty

(集中注意力在实验上）88、The

manager

never

laughed;neither

(她也从来没有发过脾气）。89、We

look

forwardto

(被邀请出席开幕式).90、It

is

suggested

that

the

air

conditioner

（要安装在窗户旁边）91、The

16

–year-old

girl

decided

to

travelabroad

on

her

own

despite

(她父母的强烈反对）参考答案87、focusing

on

the

experiment.88、did

she e

angry

before.89、being

invited

to

attend

the

openingceremony.90、should

be

installed

next

to

the

window.91、her

parents'strong

opposition.请大家总结最近两次四级考试的翻译题目：1.虚拟语气是重点It

is

suggested

that,2.习惯搭配的词组：give

up,keep

pacewith,despite,3.ing分词形式：look

forward

to,4.have

difficulty

(in)

doing

sth5.倒装，

neither

didshe e

angry

before。6.比较级The

more….the

more/the

less2010年6月六级翻译题•

82.

(他们的独生儿子从未想过)to

leave

them

and

strike

out

on

his

own

though

he

isin

his

late

twenties.83.Before

you

take

any

action,please

rememberto

（权衡你的决定会产生的后果）.

84.He

assured

his

friend

that

under

nocircumstances

（他会违背还钱的承诺）.85.

Most

educators

advise

that

kids

（不要沉溺于电脑游戏）.86.

Business

major

as

he

is,

he

has

（从未考虑过从事推销员的工作）.•••参考答案82.

Their

only

son

has

never

thought

83.weigh

your

decision

against

its

possibleconsequences.weigh…against将…与…进行权衡

84.

would

he

break/breach

his mitment

to

payback

the

money.should

not

be

addicted

to

computer

games.

/should

not

indulge

themselves

in

computer

games

/should

not

abandon

themselves

to

computer

games.never

considered

working

as

a

salesman.2010年12月六级翻译题82.Thereisnodenyingthatyou

(越仔细越好)in

dealing

with

this

matter.【考点解释】本题考查“越仔细越好”“再…也不为过”的固定搭配，即can

never

be

too/can

not

be

too+adj.83.

Only

when

I

reached

my

thirties

(我才意识到读书是不能被忽视的)【考点解释】本题考查由only

when

引起的局部倒装。当

onlywhen置于句首，主句用局部倒装，即将助动词置于主语前面。only

when引导句子时态为过去时(reached)，为保持时态一致，主句助动词用did;注意被动语态的使用，

reading与neglect为被动关系。.84.Much

(使研究人员感到惊讶)，the e

of

the

experiment

was

far

better

than

they

hadexpected.解析：totheresearchers’

surprise【考点解释】本题考查固定搭配to

one’s

surprise使…惊讶的是…85.

Oh,

my,

I

can’t

find

my

key;

(我一定是把它放在哪儿了)。解析：I

must

have

left/put

it

somewhere.

【考点解释】本题考查对过去事情的肯定的猜测，即

must

have+过去分词，leave与put都有放置的意思，但

leave强调遗忘在…，较之put，leave更贴合题意。

86.I

(宁愿加入你们去做义工)than

go

to

the

beach

for

a

holiday【考点解释】考查结构“宁愿…也不愿…”,因题干中已存在“than

go”的结构，只能使用“would

rather

do

than

do”。加入…join

sb82.can

not

be

too

careful 83.did

I

realize

that

reading

could

notbe

neglected84.to

the

researchers'

surprise85.I

must

have

left

it

somewhere 86.would

rather

join

you

todovolunteer

work请大家总结最近两次六级考试的翻译题目：固定结构和固定搭配是考察重点：权衡A

和B，Weigh

A

against

B;违背诺言break

the

promise;还钱pay

back

the

money;沉溺于indulge

oneself

in;“越仔细越好”“再…也不为过”的固定搭配，即cannever

be

too/can

not

be

too+adj;固定搭配to

one’s

surprise

使…惊讶的是…;must

have+过去分词，对过去事情的肯定的猜测;

固定结构“宁愿…也不愿…”－－－“would

rather

dothan

do”。倒装和虚拟语气是必考之点：under

no

circumstances,only

when---引导的句子后面的主句要用局部倒装；

advise表建议类的词后面要接虚拟语气时态：考现在完成时考的比较多•ExercisesTranslation

exercisesThe

girl

would

have

fallen

into

the

lake

and got

drowned

but

that若不是(她男朋友及时 抓住了她啊）her

boyfriend

had

caught

her

in

time.2.Beware

your

hat,

lest

（它被风吹走）it

should

be

blown

away

IfI’d

lived

in

1400,（我宁愿是个骑士也不愿是个和尚）I’d

rather

have

been

a

knight

than

amonk4.【真题】The

victim

(本来会有机会活下来)if

he

had

been

taken

to

hospital

intime.(2006.12)【答案】would

have

had

a

chance

tosurvive/would

have

had

a

chance

of

survival5.Mrs.Smithshutthewindowlest(外面的噪声会影响她儿子睡觉)the

noise

outside

(should)

interfere

with

herson’s

sleep6.【CET-6：2007.12】

The

witness

was

toldthat

under

no

circumstances

.(他都不应该对法庭说谎)参考答案：should

he

lie

to

the

court.7.【CET-6：2007.1】

(直到截止日他才寄出)

his

application

form.参考答案Not

until

the

deadline

did

he

send

(out)the

more,

the

more结构中的倒装。8.【CET-4：2006.6】The

more

you

explain,

(我愈糊涂).参考答案：the

more

confused

/bewildered

I

am9.The

customer

complained

that

nosooner

had

he

started

the

computer(它就不运转了)than

it

stopped

working87

Having

spent

some

time

in

the

city,hehadnotrouble

(找到去历史博物馆的路).88

(为了挣钱供我上学），Mother

often

takes

on

more

work

than

isgood

for

her.妈妈总是承担超负荷的工作89

The

professor

required

that

(我们交研究报告)。90

The

more

you

explain,

(我愈糊涂).91

Though

a

skilled

worker,

(他被公司解雇了).200687

finding

the

way

to

the

historymuseum88

In

order

to

support

my

universitystudies

(to

finance

my

education)89

we

hand

in/submit

our

researchreport(s)90

the

more

confused

I

am91

he

was

fired

/

dismissed

/discharged

by

the

company1.The

number

ofthe

students

in

this

city

has

(增加了6倍)in

comparison

with

2001.

(有些大一新生打定主意)topursueamaster'sdegree

after

undergraduate

studies.

(不管任务多么艰巨),wemustfulfillitintime. Hehadunderstoodnothing,

(也没尝试着去)understand.

(随着时间的流逝),they

forgot

theirbittersufferings.1.

increased

by

6

timesSome

freshmen

made

up

their

minds No

matter

how

hard

the

task

isHowever

hard

the

task

isNo

matter

how

hard

the

task

may

beHowever

hard

the

task

may

benor

did

he

try

toWith

the

passage

of

time

/

As

time

passed

by/went

by1.

(据说)the

painter

used

his

aunt

as

the

modelin

that

painting.2.Mostofthepeoplewhodieinearthquakes

(是正在倒塌的建筑物砸死的).3.Most

people

tend

to

believe

that"the

newer,thebetter,"

(尽管并不总是这样).4.

(没有人不称赞他们

)fortheirgreat plishment.5.

(毫无疑问)heisqualifiedforthejob.1.

It

is

said

thatare

killed

by

falling

buildingsthough

that

/

this

/

it

is

not

alwaysthecaseNo

one

didn’t

praise

themThere

is

no

doubt

that1.Thisleaflettellsyou

(怎样在旅行期间防止生病).Thebookis

(我够不着);would

you

please

passit

to

me?I'mnotaccustomedtosuchluxury,

(它简直是浪费钱).Hecametothemeeting

(不顾重病).ThenIfoundmyself

(被许多男孩子包围着1.

how

to

avoid

getting

ill

while

travelingbeyond

my

reachwhich

is

just

a

waste

of

moneydespite

his

serious

illnessin

spite

of

his

serious

illnesssurrounded

by

many

boys（一）虚拟语气考生应该注意以下几种虚拟语气的形式：1．由“if”引导的虚拟句子与现在的事实相反：(If...+were/did...,...+would/should/could

do...)如果我是你，就会嫁给他。If

I

were

you,

I

would

marry

him.与过去的事实相反：(If...+had

done...,...+would/should/could

have

done...)如果你用功学习，就会通过考试了If

you

had

worked

hard,

you

would

have

passed

the

exam.与将来的事实可能相反：(If...+should

do...,...+would/should/could

do...)Eg.

This

printer

is

of

good

quality.

If

it

-----break

down

withinthe

first

year,

we

would

repair

it

at

our

expense.A:

would

B

should

C

could D

might2．用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中从句谓语形式为：“...(should)+dosth.”（在美语中should常省去）。类似用法的动词有：insist（坚持），suggest（建议），order（命令），propose（建议），demand（要求），command

（命令），advise（建议），desire（要求、请求），request（请求），require（需要、要求），ask（要求），prefer（宁愿），mend（推荐），arrange（安排），advocate（拥护、提倡），maintain（坚决主张）等后面的宾语从句中。3．用在“It

+

be

+

important

(vital,

crucial

，necessary,

essential,compulsory必须的，

imperative必要的，命令的,,

natural,

strange,absurd,

amazing,

annoying,

desirable,

surprising,

advisable,

anxious,,eager,

fitting,

possible,

impossible,

improper,

obligatory,

probable,preferable,

urgent等，以及insisted,

suggested,

ordered,

requested,arranged,

mended等)

+

that

...”结构中的that

引导的主语从句中。用在Itistimethat...结构中，表示“该干某事了”，含建议的意思，用动词过去式。It

is

time

(that)

wewent

to

bed.

咱们该睡觉了。注意:time前可加about（表示“大约”）或high（表示“强调”）等。wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气从句用一般过去时表示一种与现在事实相反的愿望：用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望等。Ifonly的用法和Iwish等基本相同，只是更富有感情色彩。我们真希望有一对翅膀。We

wish

we

had

a

pair

of

wings..我真希望昨天你叫了我I

wish

that

you

had

called

me

yesterday要是我是个天使就好了If

only

I

were

an

angel.asif／as

though方式状语从句中的虚拟语气从句用一般过去时表示和现在事实相反或对现在的情况有所怀疑；用过去完成时表示过去想象中的动作或情况。但是，若在

seem／look／sound／smell等动词之后，谓语动词用来表示事实上可能存在的事实时，也可以用陈述语气。would

rather

后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气would

rather／would

sooner和would

just

as

soon等表示“宁

愿”。其后的that引导的宾语从句用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的一种愿望。然而，若谈论的是过去的行为或情况，宾语从句则用过去完成形式。lest方式状语从句中的虚拟语气从句用should+原形或直接用原形，不受主句动词时态的任何影响。（二）倒装1．当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时用倒装，Only

when

you

have

obtained

sufficient

data

你才能得出正确的结论.can

you

come

to

a

sound

conclusionOnly

in

this

way

我们才能赶上世界的先进科学技术水平.can

we

catch

up

with

the

world’s

advanced

levels

inscience

and

technology其他如：only

then,

only

once,

only

in

America\China,

only

afterthe

accident等。真题【CET-6：2007.6】

Only

in

the

small

town

.(他才感到安全和放松)does

he

feel

secure

and

relaxed2．never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时用倒装。这类词或词组常用的有：never，seldom，rarely，little，hardly，scarcely，not

until，by

no

means，under

no

circumstances，under

no

condition，in

noway(决不)，in

no

case(决不)，neither

(nor)，no

sooner(than)，hardly

(when)，barely(仅仅，几乎不)，on

noaccount，in

no

circumstances(决不)，not

a

bit，nowhere，not

only，but

also等。丘吉尔不仅是一位政治家，还是一位诗人！我从未听到过这种胡说NeNvoertinonalllymwy

laifes

Churchill

a

statesman,

but

also

a

poet..have

I

heard

such

nonsense（三）强调1．It

is/was+被强调部分+that/who对于这个结构，需要注意以下几点：被强调部分主要是主语、宾语、宾补和状语，不能强调表语；强调句也可用来强调特殊疑问句中的疑问词。除了is，was外，be还可以采用其他形式。被强调部分如果是人或物，that可用who／whom／which替代：被强调部分如果是时间状语或地点状语，其引导词只能是that，而不能用when或where：强调时间状语时，若有否定词not．应提到从句前面。强调句可用来强调多种状语从句，但不能用来强调让步状语从句和比较状语从句；强调句可用来强调because引导的原因状语从句．但不能用来强调since和as引导的原因状语从句。在强调主语时，被强调的主语若是人称代词，一般用主格．that后的谓语动词应在人称、数上保

持一致；强调的宾语是them时，them要改用those。【CET-6：2007.1】

(直到截止日他才寄出)

his

application

form.参考答案：It

was

not

until

the

deadline

that

hesent

(out)（四）替代为了避免重复，可用不定代词、指示代词等替代名词或名词结构．也可用so或not来替代从句。动词结构的替代词一般为do(does／did)。应注意：1．代词one和that都可以用来指代前文出现的名词。

one／ones可指人或物，只能代替可数名词；one前面有修饰语时，常用a／an+形容词；ones前面一般都带有修饰语，one／ones后面常跟修饰语或形容词从句。

that用来代替前面已出现的可数名词或不可数名词时，后面通常跟有修饰语；that相当于the

one时只能指物；

those代替可数名词的复数，既可指人，也可指物；

those后面一般跟有修饰语：those相当于the

ones。代词it和one都可以用来指代前文出现的名词。one指代泛指的东西，可用来指人；it指代特定的东西，可用来指物。do／does／did可代替前面已出现过的动词或谓语。so／not常出现在某些动词后面代替整个

that从句。其中so代替肯定句；not代替否定句。在itappears与itseems句型中也可以用so代替that从句。（五）主谓一致由and或both…and连接两个主语时，谓语动词一般要用复数。但当并列主语作为整体或指同一个人、同一事物时，谓语动词用单数。由and连接的两个以上名词，如果前面有each／every／

no时，谓语动词通常采用第三人称单数形式。当or／either…or／neither…nor或notonly…butalso…连接一个单数主语和一个复数主语时，谓语动词取决于最接近它的名词或代词的数。在主语后有“aswellas等+名词”结构的句子中，主谓一致不受修饰语或“as

wellas等+名词”结构中名词的数影响。例如：Unemployment

as

well

as

taxes

influences

votes．／Taxes，not

to

mention

unemployment,

influence

votes．3．单个非谓语动词、短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般要用

第三人称单数形式。但是，在what引导的主语从句中，若表语与谓语动词be均为复数形式．那么主句谓语动词可用复数形式。

4．“the+形容词／过去分词”作主语，如果表示一类人或动物，谓语动词用复数。但如果表示一个单独的人或表示一个抽象的

概念或某种特征，常用单数。

5．表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、小数等的名词词组作主语时，其谓语动词常用单数。如果主语表示具体的、个别的单位，谓

语动词用复数。以s结尾的表示疾病或游戏的名词和以ics结尾表

示“学科领域”的名词，谓语动词用单数。但如果表示“学科

领域”的名词用来表示具体行为、观点、数字，谓语动词就要

用复数。以ings形式结尾的名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数。有两个部分组成的物体名词，常以复数形式出现，因此，当这些词作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。但当这类名此前有pair

of，且pair是单数形式，谓语动词也应该用单数形式。事件、国

名、机构名称、书及其他作品的名称用作主语时，尽管有时以

复数形式出现，谓语动词仍用单数。EG:The

population

density

per

square

mile

inthe

US

is

22

people,

While

that

in

canada

is

two.The

manager

never

laughed;neither

did

she

ever

lose

her

temper(她也从来没有发过脾气).

(CET4,2010.6)（六）“情态动词+动词原形／完成式／进行式／完成进行式”表示推测1．情态动词中除shall／need／dare等外。后接动词原形，都能表示对现在情况的推测，只是在句型和语气上有所不同。表示对现在情况的推测时，must语气最强，might语气最弱，must一般只用于肯定句；can一般只用于疑问句和否定句。

2．“can／could／may／might／must+动词完成式”用于对过去发生动作的主观判断，表示推测过去某动作“可能”、“也许”、“一定”已发生或没有发生(否定句)；“should／ought

to／needn’t+动词完成式”表示过去“应该做”而实际并未做的动作。3．“情态动词+动词进行式”表示推测某动作现在是否正在进行；而“情态动词+动词完成进行式”，表示推测过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行。EG:may(might)

have+done

sth,

can

(could)

have+donesth表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。Philip

may

(might)

have

been

hurt

seriously

in

the

caraccident.Philip

can

(could)

have

been

hurt

seriously

in

the

caraccident.2) must

have

+done

sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有"肯定"，"谅必"的意思。Linda

has

gone

to

work,

but

her

bicycle

is

still

here（七）独立结构及分词独立结构状语有时可以由一个代词／名词和另一成分构成的复合结构担任，前面的名词／代词相当于后面那一成分逻辑上的主语，和一个从句差不多，称为独立结构。例如，分词独立结构的形式就是由“名词／代词+分词”构成，其中的代词／名词是后面分词的逻辑主语。Eg:

He

went

off,

gun

in

hand.The

floor

wet

and

slippery,

we

stayed

outside.（八）there

be句型1．there作引导词的句子通常表示“存在”，主要由

“there+be+名词词组(+修饰语)”等构成，为倒装句。其中be是不及物动词，因而可用其他不及物动词替代，如：arrive／come／enter／follow／pass等。“there

be+no+动名词”表示“不可能…”。而“thereisnopoint／sense／need／use+动名词”表示没有必要、理由、需要或没有用等。例如：There

is

no

telling

what

will

happen

to

them．／There

is

no

sense

in

electing

her

chairman．（九）不定式和动名词作主语和表语动词不定式作主语．侧重于表现具体的，某一次特定的动作，是特指。而动名词作主语，则侧重于一般性的、习惯的和抽象的动作，是泛指。注意：如果句中有时间状语，一般选择不定式形式作主语。在很多情况下．不定式和动名词都可以用先行词it作形式主语。当表语为important／necessary／advisable／fitting／hard／difficult／a

waste

of

time等名词或形容词时，后面一般用动词不定式作主语。当表语为no

use／useless／no

good／foolish／agreat

pleasure／dangerous／expensive／crazy／terrible／worthwhile／enjoyable／no

help／a

nuisance／senseless等名词或形容词时，后面一般用动名词作主语。（十）“have+宾语+非谓语动词”结构“have+宾语+非谓语动词”这一结构较为复杂。have为使役动词时，非谓语动词可以是不带to的动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词，此时它们是宾补。若非谓语动词为不带to不定式。宾语则为不定式的逻辑意义上的主语。若非谓语动词为过去分词．宾语则为过去分词所表示的动作的承受者、对象。若非谓语动词为现在分词，宾语则为现在分词逻辑意义上的主语，具有“听任”、“保持”等特殊含义或表示某种即将来临的事态。若have意为“有”时，那么这一结构中的非谓语动词，应为带to的不定式．是结构中宾语的定语。此外．这一结构中的宾语如为difficulty／trouble／bother/fun／a

hard

time等词，非谓语动词应用动名词形式，属于“in+动名词”结构，介词省略了。形容词busy后也用动名词形式．介词in也略去不用。Eg:Because

of

noise

outside,Nancy

had

great

difficulty

(集中注意力在实验上）

focusing

on

the

experiment(2010.06)英语四级考试短语和搭配总结·be

about

to

do

刚要,即将

be

friends

with

与...友好

bear

in

mind

记住bring

into

effect

实行;使生效

bring

into

operation

实施;使生效

can

not

help

禁不住,忍不住

carry

into

effect

施行;使生效

cast

light

on/upon

阐明,使了解

catch

fire

着火,烧着catch

one's

breath

喘气,松口气;屏息catch

one's

eye

引人注目catch

sight

of

看到,发现come

into

effect

生效;come

into

operation

施行,实行,生效

come

to

one‘s

senses

醒悟;苏醒

come

true

实现could

not

help

doing

禁不住,忍不住cut

short

中断,打断do

one’s

best

尽力,努力

enjoy

oneself

过得快活

fall

in

love

with

爱上

find

fault

(with)

找岔gain/have

an

advantage

over

胜过,优于,比。。。有优势get

hold

of

得到,获得

get

rid

of

丢弃,摆脱, get

the

best

of

战胜get

the

better

of

战胜,占上风give

rise

to

引起,导致

give

way

让路,让步

go

ahead

开始,进行

go

wrong

出错,出故障

had

better

应该had

rather

宁愿had

rather...than

宁愿...而不愿...have

in

mind

想到;记得;打算have

nothing

to

do

with

和...毫无关系

have(something/much/little)todowith和...(有些/有很大/没有什么)关系help

oneself

自用,自取keep

an

eye

on

留意,照看keep

in

mind

记住keep

one‘s

head

保持镇静keep

one’s

word

守信用keep

pace

(with)(与...)齐步前进,跟上lead

the

way

引路,带路

learn

by

heart

记住,背诵

leave

alone

不打扰,不干预

let

alone

更别提,不打扰

let

go

(of)

放,松手lose

heart

失去勇气,丧失信心

lose

one's

head

慌乱,仓皇失措

lose

one's

temper

发脾气,发努

lose

sight

of

忘记,忽略;看不见make

a

/the

difference

有影响,起作用make

friends

交朋友

make

fun

of

取笑,嘲弄

make

one's

way

去,前往make

sense

讲得通,言之有理make

sure

查明;务必make

the

best

of

充分利用make

the

most

of

充分利用make

up

one‘s

mind

下决心,打定主意make

use

of

使用,利用

make

way

让路,让出地方

may

as

well

还不如,不妨

never

mind

不要紧;不用担心

pay

attention

to

注意piece

together

拼合play

a

part

(in)

起作用,参于put

/bring

into

effect

实施;使生效

put

/bring

into

operation

实施;使生效

put/bring

into

practice

实施;实行

see

to

it

that

注意,务必,保证see

that

注意,务必,保证set

fire

to

使燃烧,点燃take...for

把...认为是take

a

chance

冒险,投机take

(a)

delight

in

以...为乐take

advantage

of

利用,趁...之机take

care

当心,注意

take

care

of

照顾,照料

take

charge

管理,接管

take

effect

生效,起作用

take

into

account

考虑take

for

granted

认为...理所当然

take

one‘s

time

不着急,不着慌

take

pains

努力,尽力,下苦功

take

part

(in)参加,参于take

place

发生,进行,举行

take

the

place

of

代替,取代

take

turns

依次,轮流throw

light

on

阐明,使了解think

better

of

经考虑改变对...的看法try

one’s

best

尽力,努力Weigh…against…权衡。。。与。。。absent

from

不在,缺席

abundant

in

富于

alien

to

与...相反angry

with

sb

at/about

sth

生气,愤怒anxious

about/for

忧虑,担心

appropriate

for/to

适当,合适

applicable

to

适用于apt

at

聪明,善于apt

to

易于ashamed

of

羞愧,害臊

approximate

to

接近

aware

of

意识到available

to

sb

/for

sth

可用,可供bare

of

几乎没有,缺乏bound

for

开往...can

never

be

too+adj.“越。。。越好”“再…也不为过”capable

of

能够careful

of/about/with;

小心,注意

certain

of

/about

确信,肯定

clever

at

善于close

to

接近,亲近

comparable

to/with

可比较

conscious

of

察觉到,意识到

consequent

on

随之而来considerate

towards

体谅,体贴

contemporary

with

与...同时代

content

with

满足于contrary

to

违反,与。。。相反形容词短语与...相反counter

to

,

contrary

to热衷,着迷crazy

about

/keen

oncritical

of挑剔,批评好奇,想知道curious

aboutdistinct

from种类(风格)不同doubtful

of

/about,

suspicious

of怀疑equal

to等于,胜任equivalent

to等于,相当于必不可少essential

to/for忠实于faithful

to为.某人.所熟悉familiar

to

sb熟悉,通晓某事familiar

with

sthfatal

to致命的favorable

to支持,赞成favorable

for有帮助的free

of/from未受...;免费guilty

of有...罪的无罪的Innocentofhungry

for渴望ignorant

of不知道对某事不耐烦impatient

at

sth.对某人不耐烦Impatient

with

sbimpatient

of无法容忍impatient

for急切,渴望indifferent

to无兴趣，对。。。冷漠,不关心inferior

to级别低于,不如级别高于，优于superior

tojealous

of嫉妒•liable

for对...有责任liable

to易于opposite

to在对面peculiar

to独特的,独有的prior

to在...之前rich

in富于responsible

for负责,是...原因sensitive

to对...敏感sensible

of觉察到厌恶,厌倦sick

of

,

tired

of缺少short

of

,void

of,

lack

ofsufficient

for足够的subject

to受……支配的；受……影响的vital

to对...关系重大uncertain

of

/about不确知名词与介词的搭配absence

from缺席,不在access

to

...的入口,通路acquaintance

with相识,了解admission

to

/into进入,入(场,学,会)admission

of

sth承认advantage

over优于比。。。有利answer

to...的答案apology

to

sb

for

sth道歉appeal

to

sb

for

sth为某事向某人提出呼吁appetite

for对...的欲望arrangement

for对...的安排attack

on对...的进攻,attempt

at尝试,企图balance

between...之间的平衡barrier

to...的障碍belief

in对...的信仰,相信check

on检查,阻止collision

with

sb/sth碰撞,冲突comment

on/about对...的评论complaint

of

/about报怨,控告compromise

between/on折中,妥协concentration

onsth专心,集中精力concern

about/for/over关心，担心confidence

in对...的信任,相信,对……有信心contest

forsth争夺,竞争contradiction

between矛盾,不一致contrast

to/with

sth对比,对照contribution

to贡献,捐献,促成conversion

between

A

and

B转变,转换damage

to

sth损坏decision

on/against做/不做...的决定decrease

in

sth...的减少defence

against防御,保卫delegate

to参加...的代表demand

for对...的需求departure

from离开dispute

about争论,辩论distinction

between区别effect

on对...的作用emphasis

on对...的强调,注重encounter

with遭遇,遇到enthusiasm

about/for热情entrance

to...的入口,入场envy

of

sb嫉妒exception

to...的例外In

no

case

can

I

make

an

exception

to

this

regulation.不管怎样，我绝不能对这规定做出例外。exposure

to

sth暴露fancy

for

sth喜爱gratitude

to

sb感激hatred

for/of仇恨hazard

to危险independence

from独立,自主interaction

with

sth相互作用introduction

to引言,介绍,入门memorial

to

sb/sth…的纪念碑,纪念物obstacle

to

sth...的障碍objection

to

sth反对opponent

of

sth...的对手patience

with耐心passion

for对...的强烈爱好,热爱precaution

against预防,防备pity

for

sb/sth可怜,怜悯preference

for

sth偏爱preference

tosth优先preface

to...的前言prejudice

against对...的偏见/歧视,偏重in

favour

of

...支持，赞成protest

against

sth抗议ratio

of

sth

to

sth比率reaction

to对...的反应reason

for原因,理由reference

to提及,参考remedy

for补救,解决reply

to

sb/sth对...的回答reputation

for名声,名气request

for

sth要求research

on/into对...的研究,调查r