2019外研社版高中英语必修一Unit 1 A new start 知识清单(学生版)

阅读单词认读facilityn.enginen.insectn.butterflyn.postern.badmintonn.draman.bandn.photographyn.inneradj.dinosaurn.dolphinn.rainbown.skateboardingn.committeen.ratev.重点单词识记adj.(地位、水平或级别)高的,高级的n.较年长的人n.校园n.某一时刻n.作者,作家n.惊恐,惊慌adj.镇静的,沉着的v.讨论,辩论n.体育馆,健身房n.钢琴n.舞台n.话题,论题v.获得,赢得n.计划表,进度表,日程表n.奖,奖赏n.机会,时机v.订阅(报纸或杂志)n.(一次)观看adj.从前的n.看到,看见v.认为,以为adj.特定的,特指的n.细节adj.好的,令人愉快的adj.具体的,特定的n.日记,日志adj.低年级的v.奋斗,拼搏adv.向前v.意见、信息等交流核心词汇拓展__________adj.好奇的→__________adv.好奇地→__________n.好奇心;求知欲__________n.印象,感想→__________vt.给……留下深刻的好印象→__________adj.令人印象深刻的__________n.传统;风俗→__________adj.传统的__________n.热切,渴望→__________adj.渴望的;渴求的→__________adv.热切地;渴望地__________v.考察,探险→__________n.探险;探索;探测→__________n.探险家__________n.作品集;收集物;收藏品→__________vt.收集;收藏__________v.组织→__________n.组织者→__________n.组织→__________adj.有组织的;有条理的;有秩序的__________v.呼吸→__________n.呼吸→__________adj.上气不接下气的__________n.挑战vt.向……挑战→__________adj.有挑战性的__________n.压力→__________v.按;压__________n.描述,描写,叙述,形容→__________v.描述;描绘__________adj.自信的→__________adv.自信地→__________n.自信心;信任__________v.争论,争辩→__________n.争论,争辩__________adj.锐利的;锋利的;敏锐的,聪明的→__________v.削尖;磨快;使尖锐;变锋利→__________adv.急剧地;鲜明地;严厉地__________adj.有智慧的,聪明的→__________n.智慧__________v.查明,调查→__________n.调查__________adj.各种各样的,各种不同的→__________n.多样性,种类→__________v.变化;相异,不同__________n.志愿者v.自愿做→__________adj.自愿的;志愿的;无偿的__________v.申请→__________n.申请→__________n.申请者__________v.毕业→__________n.毕业__________adj.受惊的;害怕的→__________vt.使惊吓;吓唬→__________adj.令人恐惧的__________v.挑选,选择→__________n.挑选,选择;选拔__________vt.记住→__________n.记忆力;记忆→__________n.纪念碑(或像等);纪念物;纪念品adj.纪念的;悼念的__________v.改进,改善→__________n.进步__________n.(工作或活动中的)表现→__________v.表现;表演→__________n.表演者核心短语速记高中依次地,一个接一个地butterfliesinone’sstomach惊慌地全力以赴,竭尽全力尤其,特别参考,查阅;提到,谈到(兴奋地)期待,盼望依赖参加,参与abandonvt.放弃;抛弃;遗弃abnormaladj.反常的abolishvt.废除;废止abruptlyadv.突然地;意外地abstractn.摘要adj.抽象的absurdadj.荒谬的;可笑的abundantadj.大量的;充足的;丰富的acceleratevt.&vi.加快;加速accessibleadj.易接近的;易相处的accompanyvt.陪伴;伴奏accomplishvt.完成;实现accountn.账目;描述;解释IwaslookingatthephotosonthenoticeboardwhenIheardavoicebehindme.(bedoing...when...正在做……这时……)我正在浏览公告牌上的照片,身后忽然传来一个声音。Withbutterfliesinmystomach,Ibreatheddeeply.(with复合结构作状语)由于紧张,我深吸了一口气。It’safantasticopportunityfornewstudentstogettoknowtheschoolandtheotherstudents.(不定式作后置定语)这是新生了解学校和认识同学的绝佳机会。ButthenIfiguredI’dbetterjustgoalloutandseewhathappens.(what引导宾语从句)不过接着我就觉得,最好还是全力以赴考考看。There’salwaysawaytobepartofsomethingyoulove,isn’tthere？(therebe句型)对于自己热爱的事情,总是有办法参与其中,不是吗？Lookingbackonmyhighschoollife,themostimportantadviceI’dgiveisthesewonderfulwordsfromthewriterMayaAngelou.(非谓语动词作状语)回顾高中生活,我能给大家的最重要的建议就是作家玛雅·安吉罗的一句精彩名言。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文,然后核对答案并背诵该短文。opportunity,explore,performance,confident,panic,pressure,curiousStudentsinSeniorOneare1.__________abouteverythinginseniorhigh,whohavegreateagerness2.__________everycorner.Theywillgraspevery3.__________toleaveagoodimpressiononothers.Sometimestheyareundergreat4.__________,especiallywhenfacingchallenges.Therefore,theyoftenexchangeideasandrefertotheirlifeinjuniorschool,figuringthatpastlifeisbetter.Gradually,theycalmdownandtakeanactivepartinvariousactivities,suchasbadminton,debatecontestsanddrama5.__________.Withabusyschedule,somestudentsbegintotakeupchallengesandbecomemore6.__________.Althoughsomestudentsarestillin7.__________,theyarereadytogoalloutandholdthebeliefthattheycanachievetheirdreamsintime.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇curiousadj.好奇的;稀奇古怪的(curiosityn.好奇心)becuriousaboutsth对……感到好奇becurioustodosth好奇地做某事;极想做某事withcuriosity好奇地outofcuriosity出于好奇Inseniorhighschool,Iwascurious__________thecomputerandbuiltmyfirstwebsite.TheprogrammeorganisedbytheStudentCouncilarousedmanystudents’__________(curious).“Whatifhedoesn’tcometomorrow?”thegirlasked__________curiosity.他很想有机会成为当地慈善机构的志愿者。He____________________theopportunitytobeavolunteerofthelocalcharity.impressionn.印象;印记;影响;感想(impressv.使印象深刻;使铭记;使意识到impressiveadj.给人深刻印象的;感人的;令人钦佩的)leave/make/createa(n)...impressiononsb给某人留下一个……的印象impress...on...把……印在……上impresssthon/uponsb＝impresssbwithsth使某人铭记某事;给某人留下……印象beimpressedby/with...对……印象深刻Evenso,sheimpressedtheworld__________hercourageandstrongeagernesstosucceed.→Evenso,sheimpressedhercourageandstrongeagernesstosucceed__________theworld.Myfirst__________(impress)ofhimwasthathewasakindandconfidentyoungman.Theteacherwasimpressedbyherperformanceintheexam..(impression).(用what引导的主语从句升级;impressv.)panicvi.&vt.(panicked;panicked;panicking)(使)惊慌n.惊恐,惊慌panicsbintodoingsth使某人仓皇行事getintoapanic陷入恐慌inpanic惊慌地;处在恐慌中Seeingsmokecomingoutoftheengine,manypeoplefledaway__________panic.简陷入恐慌,她的心如此剧烈跳动,她感觉快要窒息了。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写),andherheartbeatsoviolentlythatshefeltnearlysuffocated.野狼的嚎叫吓得我尖叫起来。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)confidentadj.自信的;有把握的(confidencen.自信心)beconfidentabout/of(doing)sth对(做)某事有信心beconfidentthat...对……有信心have/show/loseconfidenceinsb对某人有/失去信心Toourrelief,thebravesailorneverlostconfidence__________himselfandhewouldneverstopexploringtheunknownworld.Whateverchallengeswearefacedwith,wealwayshave__________(confident)inourselves.努力工作,我相信我们最终会取得成功的。(应用文写作之演讲稿)Workhard,andintheend.(beconfidentthat)Workhard,andintheend.(beconfidentabout/of)applyvt.涂;敷;搽;应用;运用;手压,脚踩;致力于vi.申请;请求;使用[applicationn.申请(书);应用applicantn.申请人]apply(tosb)forsth(向某人)申请某物applyto适用于applysthtosth把某物应用/涂抹于……applyoneselfto致力于/集中精力于……(to为介词)Heappliedalittleointment__________thewoundandthenappliedpressure__________thebandage.Hewasoneofthe30__________(apply)forthemanager’sposition,sohehadnoconfidenceinhimself.我写信向你申请你们在昨天的报纸上提供的职位。如果我被录用了,我会全身心地致力于我的工作。(应用文写作之申请信)youofferedinyesterday’snewspaper.Ifchosen,__________________________________.schedulen.计划表,进度表,日程表vt.安排;预定onschedule准时;按时间表aheadofschedule＝aheadoftime提前bescheduledtodosth预定/按计划要做某事Ifigurethatonlyifweworkextrahourscanwecompletetheproject__________scheduleorevenaheadofschedule.学生传统国画展览按计划要在5月15日至24日在图书馆二楼举行。(2021·浙江6月,应用文写作)Anexhibitionofstudents’traditionalChinesepaintingsfromMay15toMay24.exchangen.交换;交流vt.交换;交流;交易;兑换inexchangefor作为对……的交换exchangestudents交换生exchangeAforB用A来换取Bexchangesthwithsb和某人交换某物Thevolunteersofferedtopaintthekitcheninexchange__________aweek’saccommodation.Themembersintheorganisationexchangedideas__________eachotheronthetopicafterthesignificantmeeting.我真诚地邀请所有的交换生参加这个俱乐部,此俱乐部将组织各种各样的活动,如听讲座和练习中国书法。(2022·天津,书面表达)Isincerely,whichwillorganisevariousactivities,suchaslisteningtolecturesandpracticingChinesecalligraphy.referto指的是;描述;提到,谈到;查阅,参考refer...to...把……提交给……;让(人)参考……referto...as...把……称作……referencebooks/materials参考书/参考资料Theyalwaysrefertome__________abookwormbecauseIamalwaysaddictedtoreading.Ifyoumeetwiththewordsyoudon’tknow,youcanrefer__________adictionaryorturntoothersforhelp.(应用文写作之建议信)教科书和字典可以作为参考书籍,而杂志可以作为阅读材料。(话题作文之语言学习)whilethemagazinescanserveasreadingmaterials.lookforwardto盼望;期待(to为介词)lookforward有时表示“向前看”,后面跟todo表示目的。在定语从句中常考查lookforwardto,其后的动词与to没有任何关系。Asagroupoffourwholikemusic,wearelookingforwardto__________(set)upourownband.Thedaythattheexchangestudentshadbeenlookingforwardto__________(come)atlast.如果你能告诉我关于这次活动的更多信息,我将不胜感激。盼望你早日回复。(应用文写作之求助信)Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldtellmemoreinformationabouttheactivity.____________________________________________.bedoing...when...IwaslookingatthephotosonthenoticeboardwhenIheardavoicebehindme.我正在浏览公告牌上的照片,身后忽然传来一个声音。bedoing...when...正在做……这时……,when为并列连词,意为“此时,这时”,相当于andatthis/thattime。常用句型如下：beabouttodo...when...正要做……这时……beonthepointofdoing...when...正要做……这时……hadjustdone...when...刚做了……这时……Tomhadjustfallenasleep__________someoneknockedatthedoor.手里拿着罐子,我正匆忙上楼梯,突然我的一只光脚被楼梯绊住了。我失去了平衡,努力使自己稳定下来,但是没用。罐子从我的手指间滑落,摔在了坚硬的泥土地上。我刚要去捡起地上的碎片,就听到妈妈的声音传来,“发生了什么事？”(读后续写片段)Withthejarinmyhands,Iinahurryononestair.Losingbalance,Itriedtosteadymyself,butinvain.Thejarslippingthroughmyfingers,itsmashedonthehard­as­rockmudfloor.Iwasabouttopickup/wasonthepointofpickingupthepieces__________Iheardmymom’svoice,“What’shappening？”(2022·浙江1月)Needlesstosay,Ididn’tlookforwardtoanentiretermofbeingbrushedoff,butItriedtomakethebestofitanddidn’tsayanythingforfearthatIwouldmakethingsworse.当然,我不希望整个学期都被人不理不睬地对待,以免让事情变得更糟,我什么也没说,只是尽力把课题做好。(2022·浙江1月)Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelike—frequentlybyplane—isviewedasimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.经常乘飞机去参加会议、讲座、研讨会之类的活动,对于科学家聚集在一起交流信息来说是很重要的。(2022·全国乙)Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.Trytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoit.日程安排上都很繁忙,挤出时间给对方打电话都是件难事。尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话,并坚持下去。(2019·全国Ⅰ)Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmusclesandyourbrain.如果你在户外锻炼,你的身体就会学会深呼吸,从而让更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。(2021·北京)InoneEuropeanstudy,participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure.在欧洲的一项研究中,参与者听音乐时研究人员监测他们的心率和血压。提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍sharpA.adj.急剧的B.adj.敏锐的C.adj.锋利的D.adv.(…点)整E.adj.急转的;陡的F.adj.清晰的Shestaredatthedolphinwithhersharpbrighteyes.Therehasbeenasharpdeclineinthedeathratebecauseoftheadvancedtechnology.Iwasapproachingafairlysharpbendthatsweptdownhilltotheleft.Thevolunteerswillgatherattheschoolgateat8:00sharpthismorning.(应用文写作之通知)Allthefootmarksarequitesharpandclear.Shehadherfingercutbyasharpknifebyaccidentwhileshewascuttingpotatoes.figureA.身材；体形B.人物C.数字D.人影Itwillnotbelongbeforetheinflationfigurestartstofall.Sherealizedshelookedlikeachild,withhertinyfigure.(2020·天津)Themovementissupportedbykeyfiguresinthethreemainpoliticalparties.Isawafigureapproachinginthedarkness.viewA.n.景色；风景B.n.视野C.n.观点；见解；看法D.vt.观看；看待Hisviewwasthatartshouldshocktheviewersandchallengetheirsenseofreality.SplendidastheviewoftheEarthis,spacewalkingisnotasexcitingasyoumightthink.Yourfriendsalsoinfluencethewayyouviewyourphysicalappearance.Therearesomanybeautifuloldbuildings—manysittingontopofbighills,offeringgreatviewsofthecity,theocean,andtheGoldenGateBridge.快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思。IhaveneverexperiencedabettertimehereasagraduateofTsinghuaUniversity.__________ThelocaltheatregroupisstagingaproductionofHamlet.__________核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识Allexchangestudentsgatheredattheschoolgate,curious__________(explore)thecampus.Iwasso__________whenIsawthe__________polarbearwalktowardsusthatIcouldhardlystruggletomyfeet.(frighten)Youcan’timaginehowshefinishedtherelayracewithherfoot__________(wound)soseverely.Youmustmakeagood__________(impress)onthejudgesifyouwanttobeselected.Inhisjournal,heexpressedhis__________(eager)togaintheopportunitytogoabroad.Thoughmycousinisjunior__________me,hisacademicperformanceissuperiortominealot.Inmyview,it’snousearguing__________him__________thequestionforheissostubborn.Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildren__________waterstartedfillingmyhome.SomebeautifulTangFrescoesleftadeepimpressiononme,whichportrayed__________(figure)vividlybyafewlines.(应用文写作之宣传稿)Especiallyinterestingismakingdumplings,whichIthinkis__________(particular)attractivetoyou.(应用文写作之邀请信)单句写作——应用文增分练(2022·全国甲)——“保护海洋”征文比赛很荣幸有机会和大家分享关于海洋保护的一些看法。(opportunity)随着工业的快速发展,海洋污染日益严重。(with复合结构)我们都知道,海洋不仅为我们提供了足够的食物,而且还保持了自然界平衡。(notonly...butalso的倒装)所以我们每个人都要致力于保护海洋。(apply)我相信,只要我们每个人都对海洋保护做出贡献,海洋会更加干净美丽。(confident)微型写作——续写提能练[教材续写语料]情感描写frightenedadj.受惊的;害怕的eageradj.渴望的→eagernessn.渴望butterfliesinone’sstomach情绪紧张,心里发慌panicn.惊恐calmadj.镇定的人物描写confidentadj.自信的;有把握的curiousadj.好奇的;求知欲强的sharpadj.聪明的,敏锐的[续写语料运用]请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇,完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。(改编自2022·1月浙江,读后续写)在等待结果时,我承受着巨大的压力。我非常害怕以致喉咙发紧,膝盖发软。我心里发慌,深深地吸了一口气。我试着让自己冷静下来。但我很想知道谁会是我的合作伙伴。在我听到宣布结果的那一时刻,我陷入了一种尴尬的境地。我的合作伙伴恰恰是我们班里我想逃避的那个家伙。Whilewaitingfortheresult,Iwas.thatmythroattightenedandmykneesfeltweak.,Itookadeepbreath.Itriedtocalmmyself.But___________________________whowouldbemypartner.ThemomentIheardtheannouncement,Igotintoanawkwardsituation.inmyclasswhoIwantedtoavoid.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇。词形变化填空(每小题2分,共20分)Onseeingthe__________scene,the__________littlegirlwasso__________thatsheburstintotears.(frighten)The__________whofilledin__________formstoapplyforthejobgraduatedfromkeyuniversities.(apply)Thekind­hearted__________ofthatsocial__________hasbeen__________severalcharityactivitiesinthepastfewmonths.(organise)Thecourageous__________had__________theunfamiliarregionandtheir__________ledtomanynewdiscoveries.(explore)Their__________performanceleftadeep__________onme.Inotherwords,Iwasdeeply__________bytheirperformance.(impress)Itisnormalforchildrentobe__________abouteverything.Theywillaskmanyquestions__________andweshouldanswerthempatientlytomeettheir__________.(curious)Thedemandsof__________consumersaredifferent,sothesupermarketoffersa__________ofgoods.(various)An__________