初中英语定语从句讲解

初中英语定语从句讲解一、专题精讲知识点1：定语从句的基础知识1.定语的概念：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的词。可以作定语的成分有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子。定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。在汉语中，“的”是定语的标志。e.g.:1.Sheisabeautifulgirl.(形容词作定语)2.Itisaschoolbus.(名词作定语)3.HernameisLily./David’scarisbroken.(代词或者名词所有格作定语)4.Therearetwoboysintheclassroom.(数词作定语)5.Thewomanthereneedshelp./Peoplenowhavetheirfestivaldinnersatrestaurants.(副词作定语)6.Themaninthekitchenismyfather.(介词短语作定语)7.Thereisnothingtodotoday.(动词不定式作定语)8.Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhisfather(分词作定语)9.Therearefiveboyswhowillplaythegame.(从句作定语)例1：翻译下列短语，并画出这些短语中定语的位置。1.anavalpilot___________________2.twohugeobjects______________3.therocksonthemoon____________4.thegirlinred_______________5.thevillagefaraway_____________6.alibrarywithlotsofbooks_____________7.thefirstmanthatwalkedonthemoon______________________________1.anavalpilot2.twohugeobjects3.therocksonthemoon4.thegirlinred5.thevillagefaraway6.alibrarywithlotsofbooks7.thefirstmanthatwalkedonthemoon总结：用单词充当定语修饰名词时，位于名词之前，做前置定语。用短语充当定语修饰名词时，位于名词之后，做后置定语。2.定语从句的定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词，所以也称作形容词性从句。e.g.:The

man

who

is

shaking

hands

with

my

father

is

a

policeman.

(修饰名词theman)Anyonewhobreaksthelawshallbepublished.

(修饰代词anyone)3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。e.g.:Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(thepeople为先行词，被横线部分及定语从句部分修饰)4.关系词：在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。关系代词有that,

which,

who,

whom,

whose；例2：判断下列复合句是否含有定语从句，如果有，在括号内打“√”并在句中把定语从句画出来。1.Armstrongbecamethefirsthumanthatwalkedonthemoon.() 2.TherearereportswhichsayArmstrongandAldrinsawalienspacecraftwhentheywereonthemoon.() 3.NeilArmstrongisthepersonwhomadepeoplearoundtheworldrealizethatspaceexplorationwastrulypossible. ()4.ThemostimportantawardthatArmstronggotforhisservicewastheMedalofFreedom.() 5.Manypeoplebelievethatalienswerewatchingtheastronautswhentheylanded. () 知识点2：关系词的作用及分类1.关系词的作用：A.引导定语从句；B.代替先行词；C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。e.g.:The

man

who

is

shaking

hands

with

my

father

is

a

policeman.

该句中，who

is

shaking

hands

with

my

father

是定语从句，修饰先行词the

man，

“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the

man，在定语从句中作主语。2.关系词的分类：引导定语从句的词分为关系代词和关系副词I.引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who,whom,whose,which,that等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。1.who指人，在从句中做主语或宾语，且做宾语时，常可省略；e.g.:TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.（做主语）Doyouknowthegirlwhoisstandingunderthetree?（做主语）Thegirl(who)youtalktojustnowismyfriend.（做宾语）2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略，一般也可用who替代。但在介词后面只能用whom。e.g.:Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.

Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.

Twomen,neitherofwhomIhadeverseenbefore,cameintomyoffice.（在介词后面不用who）3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。e.g.:Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(做主语)

Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(做宾语)4.that既可指人也可指物。指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，做宾语时常省略。e.g.:Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(做主语，指代人)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(做宾语，指代人)Thepicturethatisonthewallcostmuch.(做主语，指代物DidyouseethecomputerthatIboughtyesterday?(做宾语，指代物)5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词。e.g.:Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.

Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.

whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?(批注：此部分选讲)检测题（一）：单项选择(

)1.----ThevolunteersaredoingagreatjobinYushu.

----Yes.Theyarehelpingthepeople___aresufferingfromtheearthquake.(2010扬州)

A.which

B.what

C./

D.who(

)2.Theywanttodevelopakindadog-friendlyfood____willhelpdogownerscooldowntheirpets.(2010常州)

A.who

B.what

C.which

D.whether(

)3.Thegirl_____wonthegoldmedalcomesfromBeijingSunshineSecondarySchool.(2010镇江)

A.who

B.which

C.what

D.whom(

)4.OneofthemostinterestingplacesinYangzhou________areoftenvisitedbyforeignersistheWestSlenderLake.(2011扬州)

A.what

B.who

C.that

D./(

)5.—Whoisyourfavouritewriter?—MoYan.HeisthefirstChineseperson_________winstheNobelPrizeforLiterature.A.which B.where C.that D.whom(

)6.—IlikethephotoItookonthebeachyesterday.Whatdoyouthinkofit?—Well,reallynice!A.where B.when C.which D.who(

)7.Wealllikethestoryabouttheteacherhappenedinourschoollastweek.A.what B.who C.whom D.that答案：DCACCCD知识点3：关系代词的选用一般情况下，that既可以指人又可指物，可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中做主语，表语和谓语动词的宾语。但不能放在介词后做介词的宾语；which指物，在从句中做主语、表语或谓语动词及介词后的宾语；who在从句中做主语、表语或宾语，whom在从句中做宾语，whose在句子中作定语。注意：whom为who的宾格形式。具体用法如下：1)that&which在下列情况下，定语从句中一般只用which引导：

(1)先行词为that,

those时,用which,

而不用that.

Eg：What’s

that

which

is

under

the

desk?

在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?

(2)关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.

Eg：This

is

the

room

in

which

he

lives.

这是他居住的房间。

(3)引导非限制性定语从句,用which,

而不用that.

Eg：Tom

came

back,

which

made

us

happy.

汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。在下列情况下，定语从句中一般只用that引导：(1)当先行词为everything,anything,nothing,all,none,few,little等词时，或当先行词被every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等词修饰时：e.g.:Everythingthattheysaidwastrue.

Heisdeadandthere'snothingthatcanbedone.

Therewaslittlethatwecoulddotohelpher.

Thesewallsareallthatremainoftheancientcity.(2)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。e.g.:Thefirstplace(that)theyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.

Shewasprobablythehardestworkingstudent(that)Ihaveevertaught.(3)当先行词被thevery,theonly修饰时。e.g.:Thisistheverygrammarbook(that)Iwanttobuy.

Beautyistheonlything(that)Emilycanbeproudof.(4)当先行词为who或前面有who,which等疑问代词时。e.g.:Whothathascommonsensewillbelievesuchnonsense

Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?

WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?(5)当先行词为人与事物或动物时。e.g.:Thedriverandhiscarthatfellintotheriverhavenotyetbeendiscovered.批注：定语从句需要注意做题顺序，首先找到主句的部分，然后剩余的部分则是定语从句的部分，所修饰的词即是先行词，若先行词是物，则在which和that中选择；若先行词是人，则在who和that中选择。但有时定语从句并不是紧跟着先行词，可能会被介词分开。例如：PleaseshowmethewatchofYaoMingwhichyourgrandmotherboughtyouasthebirthdaypresent.(thewatch为先行词)因为whichyourgrandmotherboughtyouasthebirthdaypresent所修饰的词不可能是YaoMing所以从句应该修饰的是thewatch.2)who&that当先行词是人，但是与定语从句被其他词所分隔时，一般不能用that代替whoe.g.:Don'ttellanyoneaboutthesecretwhooughtn'ttoknow.Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.例1：用关系词who,which,that完成句子1)Thefirstfilm______madeZhangZiyifamouswasdirectedbydirectorZhangYimou.2)Adoctorisaperson____looksafterpeople’shealth.3)Aplaneisamachine_____canfly.答案：1)that2)who/that3)that/which例2：Doyourememberthereportabouttheteacher_____wasreadbyourmonitorlastweek?A.which

B.what

C.whom

D.who例3：Thereportandtheteacher_________disappearedhavenotyetbeenfound.A.which

B.who

C.that

D./知识点四：定语从句的主谓一致定语从句中关系代词that,which,who所代替的先行词可以是单数，也可以是复数，且他们本身无单数和复数的变化。如果它们在定语从句中作主语。那么从句中谓语动词的数要与先行词的数保持一致。e.g.:I,whoamyourbestfriend,willdoallthatIcantohelpyou.

Thefamily,whoarefondofmusic,gototheconcertonceamonth.

HeisoneoftheboysinourclasswhospeakEnglishwell.

（oneof+复数名词+关系代词引导的定语从句谓语动词用复数形式）

HeistheonlyoneoftheboysinourclasswhospeaksEnglishwell.

（the(only)one

/theveryonetherightoneof+复数名词+关系代词引导的定语从句谓语动词用单数形式）批注：关于one的相关内容，可以作为衔接的知识和孩子讲解，具体地，老师根据孩子的情况进行删选。例1：Thesunlightweareallusedto_________(include)sevendifferentcolors.(2012无锡)答案：includes例2：Thewordsthatweshouldpayattentionto_______ontheblackboard.(08宿迁)

A.beingwritten

B.arewritten

C.iswriting

D.writing答案：B例3：翻译句子：她就是给你儿子动手术的那个医生。Sheisthedoctor________________________________________答案：who/thatoperatesonyourson例1：选用关系代词who,which或that连接下列句子。1.Thebuildingisourschool./Thebuildingstandsbytheriver.2.Thisisthenurse.Thenursecameherethismorning.3.ThecomputerismadeinJapan.Myfatherboughtmeacomputer.解析：利用上面的规则，先行词在定语从句中不复出现，所以做连接句子题时，只需要找到相同的词，将其作为先行词即可。1中重复的词时thebuilding所以以building作为先行词，standsbytheriver作为定语从句，而先行词是物，用that和which都可以。以此类推。答案：1.Thebuildingthat/whichstandsbytheriverisourschool.2.Thisisthenursethat/whocameherethismorning.3.Thecomputerwhich/thatmyfatherboughtmeismadeinJapan.二、专题过关检测题（二）：选用关系代词who,which或that连接下列句子。1.Ilovethiscity./Iwasborninthiscity.__________________________________________________________________2.Iamreadingabook.Myfatherboughtitformeasmybirthdaypresentyesterday.__________________________________________________________________3.Thewomanisspeakingatthemeeting.Thewomanismymother.__________________________________________________________________4.Themanisherbrother.Themanisstandingunderthetree.__________________________________________________________________5.BruceLeewasoneofthegreatestactors.Manyfanswerecrazyabouthim.__________________________________________________________________检测题（二）：将下列句子翻译成中文。1.Tomistheonlystudentwhocameupwiththeanswer.__________________________________________________________2.Haveyoufoundinformationwhichyouneedforyourcomposition?__________________________________________________________3.Wouldyoupleasetellmesomethingaboutthepersonthatyoutalkedtojustnow?__________________________________________________________4.Shewillmeetafriendofherswhoshehasn’tseenformanyyears.__________________________________________________________5.Thereportthatwelistenedtoyesterdaymorningwasreallyinteresting.__________________________________________________________答案：1.汤姆是想出答案的唯一一个学生。2.你找到你作文需要的信息了吗？3.你能告诉我一些关于你刚才谈话的那个人的信息吗？4.她将会遇到一个她很多年没有见的朋友。5.我们昨天早上听的报告真的很有趣。检测题（三）：用关系词who,which,that完成句子1.Ifpeopledrinkthewater_______ispolluted,theywillgetill.2.IsawSandy______leftjustnowonthetrain.3.Thatistheplayer________scoredthreegoalsinourschoolfootballmatchlastweek.4.Thegirl____comesfromtheUKwillvisitthePalaceMuseumtomorrow.5.Isthisthebook_______Simonaskedfor?6.I’dliketosay“thankyou”tothepoliceman________helpedmefindthewayyesterday.7.PeopleinHongKong_________heardthesurprisingnewsallfeltshocked.答案：1.which/that2.who/that3.who/that4.who/that5.which/that6.who/that7.Who学法升华知识收获1.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词分别有哪些？2.先行词指物的时候，用哪些关系代词引导？关系词指人的时候，用哪些关系代词引导？3.关系代词that和which的区别是什么？方法总结1）判断句子是否是定语从句，找到构成定语从句的几个部分，因为宾语从句一般置于动词后，所以动词后的不是定语从句；2）若句子是定语从句，找到先行词3）若先行词代替的是人，则用who或者that若先行词代替的是物，则用which或者that若先行词既是人又是物，则只能用that技巧提炼考引导词：读题→找出先行词（是人或物？）→选择正确的连词（注意that与which、that与who的区别）课后作业一、选择题【2014黄冈】—Inatextmessage,88meansBye-bye.

—AndanotherexampleisF2F______

standsforface

toface.A.that

B.who

C.whom

D.it【2014临沂】AfterMandelawasfree(自由的)in1990,hechosetoshakehandswiththepeople

________wantedtokillhim.A.whose

B.which

C./

D.who【2014河南】“Underground”istheonlywordintheEnglishlanguage_______beginsandends

withtheletters“und”.

A.what

B.that

C.who

D.whom【2014鄂州】—WhereistheSchoolEnglishSpeechContestgoingtobeheldtonight?

—I’mnotsure.Isitinthehall_____canhold300people?

A.where

B.what

C.that

D.when

【2014湖北咸宁】—HaveyouseenthedocumentarynamedA

BiteofChina(《舌尖上的中国》)?

—Yeah!It’sthemostfunnyone_______

Ihaveeverseen.

A.that

B.what

C.which

D.where【2014达州】—Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?

—Ilikemovies_______scarymonsters.A.

whichhas

B.thathave

C.whathas

D.whyhave【2014长沙】Theshop_____sellsflowersisattheendofthestreet.

A.who

B.where

C.which【2014杭州】Iwillneverforgettheday____wespentintheoldtownwithsmallhouses.A.who

B.whom

C.that

D.what

【2014宜宾】Doyouknowtheman_______savedfivepeopleinthefire?

A.who

B.it

C.when

D.whom

【2014呼和浩特】People______overweightneedmorewaterthanthinpeople.

A.whois

B.whichare

C.thatis

D.whoare【2014东营】WhensomeChinesewomenweredancingtoloudmusicinaparkinNewYork,thepeople______livednearbycalledthepolice.A.who

B.whom

C.whose

D.which【2014广州】Doyouknowtheman______istalkingtoMissWu?

A.he

B.whom

C.who

D.which【2014甘肃白银】Couldyoutellmetheresultof

thed