2023年考博英语（高等院校招生）历年高频考题带答案难题附详解

2023年考博英语（高等院校招生）历年高频考题带答案难题附详解（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共50题)1.Topic

Interviewisfrequentlyusedbyemployersasameanstorecruitprospectiveemployees.Asaresult,therehavebeenmanyargumentsfororagainsttheinterviewasaselectionprocedure.Whatisyouropinion?Writeanessaytostateyourview.2.Neverloseheartifyoufailinthecareerthatisdoneinyourownright.Thereisadifferentworldbetween"Ihavefailedthreetimes"and"Iamaloser".Aslongasyoudonotthinknegativelyofyourselfanddonotidentifyyourselfwiththefailure,butalwaystrytolearnsomethingfromthefailure,youwillbelikelytosucceedinthefuture.3.Nobodyknowswhytherearesofewwomenatthe______ofmovies.A.helmB.seatC.controlD.reign4.Theeffectofelectrictechnologyhadatfirstbeenanxiety.Nowitappearstocreate______.A.boreB.boredC.boredomD.bordom5.______fromthetenthfloorwhenthepolicemanpointedhispistolathim.A.JumpeddowntheburglarB.DowntheburglarjumpedC.TheburglarjumpeddownD.Downjumpedtheburglar6.It'saresultmoreof______thananythingelsetowinthetopprizeinalottery.A.effortB.opportunityC.blessing,D.chance7.Themagicianpickedoutseveralpersons______fromtheaudienceandaskedthemtohelphimwiththeperformance.A.byaccidentB.onaverageC.onoccasionD.atrandom8.Asshehasakindly,outgoingnature,sheisa______hostessandhasawidecircleofverygoodfriends.A.sober-mindedB.stringentC.superbD.assiduous9.Asordinarypeople,scientistsarebynomeansmorehonestor______thanotherpeople,butasscientists,theyattachspecialvaluetohonestywhiletheyareintheirworkingsphere.A.ethicalB.ethnicC.aestheticD.esthetic10.(Depictions)ofanimalsandhuntingscenes(canfound)(in)theprehistoriccavepaintingsof(nearlyevery)continent.A.Depictions

B.canfound

C.in

D.nearlyevery11.Themanagementshouldgive______totheworkers'safetyoperationovereveryotherconsideration.A.precedenceB.coherenceC.affluenceD.coincidence12.It'sabsolutely______thatyougetthatformsentoffbythetwenty-thirdofthismonth.A.vitalB.fatalC.mortalD.neutral13.He______thedriverwhowasattemptingtopassfortheaccident.A.accusedB.chargedC.blamedD.criticized14.Plagiarizing,orrepresentingsomeoneelse'sideasorwordsasyourown,willcauseproblemsforpeopleinanystageoflife.StudentsgetflunkedforitanditevencostJoeBidenashotatbecomingtheUSPresidentin1988.Pleaseelaborateinyourwritingonhowtoavoidplagiarism,eitheronpurposeorbyaccident.Youshouldwriteatleast200words.15.Hehadaclear______ofwhatwaswrongwiththemachineandfixeditinashorttime.A.debrisB.deficiencyC.perceptionD.persecution16.Iam______lowbrow,admirethehighbrowallthemoreforhispatronizingtype.A.conceitingB.humbleC.overweeningD.poor17.Ifyoudon'twanttotalktohim,I'llspeaktohim______.A.onyourbehalfB.onyouraccountC.foryourpartD.inyourinterest18.John'sideasabouthowtosolvetheproblemweresocogentthatIhadtoagreewithhim.A.chronicB.cavernousC.convincingD.choral19.Inthepresenteconomic______wecanmakeevengreaterprogressthanpreviously.A.airB.moodC.areaD.climate20.Themotoristhadto______toavoidknockingtheoldwomandowninthemiddleoftheroad.A.swerveB.twistC.departD.swing21.IntroductionofMyCollege22.Thisnewbookhasreceivedseveralreviewssinceitspublication;butnoneofthemhavemadeajust______ofthebook.A.calculationB.evaluationC.profitD.register23.科学技术生产力是第一生产力。振兴经济首先要振兴科技，只有坚定地推动科技进步，才能在激烈的竞争中取得主力。我国经济正面临着加速发展，调整结构，提高效益和重大任务，尤其需要全社会提高科技意识，多方面增加科技投入，真正依靠科技进步。24.Whena______hasbeenacceptedforpublication,itispassedtoaneditorfordetailedscrutiny.A.mortgageB.monopolyC.manuscriptD.maneuver25.Inspiteofthewiderangeofreadingmaterialspeciallydesignedor______forlanguagelearningpurposes,thereisyetnoeffectiveandsystematicprogramforthereadingskills.A.appointedB.'assembledC.acknowledgedD.adapted26.Theeconomyinthisregionhasbeenstagnantforalongtimeandnosignsofrecoveryhave______tillnow.A.shownupB.keptupC.pickedupD.madefor27.从解决实际问题的角度讲，哲学是没有用的：但是哲学的价值在于启发人们的问题意识和逻辑思辨能力；这是其他学科无法替代的。28.She______andloweredherheadwhenshecouldn'tanswerthequestioninthepresenceofherclassmates.A.refutedB.defiedC.contradictedD.disputed29.Pleasedonotbe______byhisoffensiveremarkssinceheismerelytryingtoattractattention.A.distractedB.disregardedC.irritatedD.intervened30.Thestatementwasanallusiontorecenttroubleswiththeagency'scomputers.A.anexplanationB.acontradictionC.areferenceD.arejection31.Trimmerisknownasatoughmanagerwhodemands______results.A.credibleB.undeniableC.dynamicD.tangible32.Theleaseis______insayingthattherentmustbepaidindollarsbythe20thofeverymonth.A.explicitB.implicitC.conspicuousD.distinctive33.1．我们在学习或工作都要与人共事，有的人喜欢与兴趣相同、观点一致的人相处。2．而有的人就不这么认为……3．我的观点……34.His______directionsconfusedus,wedidnotknowwhichofthetworoadstotake.A.intricateB.arbitraryC.complicatedD.ambiguous35.Youmayhaveseenthiswhenyoutriedtoopenanewbankorcreditcardaccountandyouwerepresentedwithsomemultiplechoicequestionsaskingyoutoverifywhereyougotyour______orcarloan.A.complicationB.revenueC.mortgageD.chasm36.Hewillagreetodowhatyourequire______him.A.ofB.fromC.toD.for37.Thefoodwasdivided______accordingtotheageandsizeofthechild.A.equallyB.individuallyC.sufficientlyD.proportionally38.过去几年，强劲的劳动力市场和宽松的金融环境一直是支撑内需的两大关键力量。39.(Depictions)ofanimalsandhuntingscenes(canfound)(in)theprehistoriccavepaintingsof(nearlyevery)continent.A.Depictions

B.canfound

C.in

D.nearlyevery40.41.Withaneighty-hourweekandlittleenjoyment,lifemusthavebeenvery______forthenineteenth-centuryfactoryworkers.A.hostileB.anxiousC.tediousD.obscure42.Thenewsecretaryhaswrittenaremarkably______reportonlyinafewpagesbutwithallthedetailsincluded.A.conciseB.clearC.preciseD.elaborate43.D.W.

Griffith,(directing)andproducinghisownsilentmovies,(achieving)greatpopularity(andwas)apioneerof(modern)cinema.A.directing

B.achieving

C.andwas

D.modern44.Johnusedtobesuchacomputerbuffthathespentalargepartofhisincome______hiscomputerwheneveranewCPUwasintroduced.A.imbibeingB.modifyingC.increasingD.upgrading45.Britainhasthehighest______ofroadtrafficintheworld--over60carsforeverymileofroad.A.popularityB.prosperityC.intensityD.density46.Allmenarecreatedequal，thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithinherentandunalienablerights，thatamongthesearelife，liberty，andthepursuitofhappiness；thattosecuretheserights，governmentsareinstitutedamongmen，derivingtheirjustpowersfromtheconsentofthegoverned，thatwheneveranyformofgovernmentbecomesdestructiveoftheseends，itistherightofthepeopletoalterortoabolishit，andtoinstitutenewgovernment．47.Theincreasingpopularityofthemotorcycleasaconvenience,economicalformoftransportationhasbeenjustshortofastounding.A.B.C.D.48.Thenewcomputervirus______,thesystemwasrestoredtoitsnormaloperation.A.havingremovedB.beingremovedC.hadbeenremovedD.wasremoved49.Successas______byeconomicoutputbearsnocloserelationshiptohumanachievement.A.decidedB.achievedC.assuredD.measured50.Thesecontinual______intemperaturemakeitimpossibletodecidewhattowear.A.transitionsB.transformationsC.exchangesD.fluctuations第1卷参考答案一.历年考点试题黑钻版1.参考答案：MyViewonInterview

Interviewhasbecomeacommonpracticeandanintegralstepforemployerstoreceivetheirnewmembers．Eventhoughforsomecompaniesandsomevacancies，theiobinterviewisnotnecessarilyessential，Idobelievethatinterviewisveryimportantformostrecruitingactivities．Firstly,interviewcanallowtheemployerstowitnessthepersonalappearanceofthejobseekers，sinceformanycompani‘esthepersonalappearanceisveryimportantandhelpfulforthesmoothexecutionofbusiness，suchaspublicrelationrelatedones．Secondly,duringtheiobinterview,applicantscanfreelyandfullydisplaytheirindividualcapabilityanduniquestyle．Thispointiscritical，becauseonlytheapplicants’workingcapabilityandtheirpersonalstylefittingintothevacancycantheyhavethechancetojoininthenewworkingteam．Finally,interviewcanallowthetwosideslearnabouteachother,andhelpbothmakefinaldecisionofwhethertosignthelaboragreementornot．

SoIfirmlyupholdtheviewpointthatinterviewisbeneficialforbothpartiesofrecruitmentinvolved2.参考答案：如果你着手干一番事业却失败了，不要丧失信心。“我失败了三次”与“我是一个失败者”之间有着天壤之别。只要你对自己不持否定的想法，不把自己与失败等同起来，而是试图从失败中吸取教训，你很可能在未来取得成功。3.参考答案：A4.参考答案：C[解析]句子大意为：起先电动技术的影响是焦虑，现在好像产生了______。A项bore“令人讨厌的人”；B项bored“无聊的，无趣的，烦人的”；C项boredom“厌倦”；D项boredom为一错词。create后跟名词，再结合句意，C项正确。5.参考答案：D[解析]某些表示方位的副词in，out，away，off，down，up等位于句首时，常常使用倒装。这些词常和go，come等表示位置转移的动作动词的一般过去时连用，目的是为了生动地描写这些动作。6.参考答案：Dchance运气，偶然性；effort努力，成就；opportunity机会，时机；blessing祝福。7.参考答案：Dbyaccident偶然的。onaverage平均的。onoccasion有时。atrandom随意的。8.参考答案：C[解析]形容词词义辨析。根据句中kindly，outgoingnature判断，空格应填入褒义词，与hostess搭配合理。选项中，superb(极好的，杰出的)符合要求。故答案为C。sober-minded“认真而谨慎的”；stringent“严格的，严厉的”；assiduous“勤勉的，刻苦的”。9.参考答案：A[解析]A项“ethical道德的”符合题意。如：Thelawyerallegedthatthedoctor'sbehaviourhadnotbeenethical.(律师声称那位医生的行为不符合职业道德规范。)其他三项“B项ethnic种族的；C项aesthetic审美的，美学的；D项esthetic感觉的”都不正确。本题空格处是说比其他人更诚实或更有道德。因此A项为正确答案。10.参考答案：B改为canbefound。Depictions与谓语动词find是被动关系。11.参考答案：A[解析]名词词义辨析。precedence“优先”；coherence“一致，连贯性”；affluence“富裕，丰富”；coincidence“巧合”。根据句意“优先考虑工人的安全操作”，且giveprecedencetosth.oversth.为固定搭配，表示“……优先于……”，可知答案为A。12.参考答案：A[解析]vital“至关重要的，生死攸关的，非常必要的”；fatal“致命的，重大的，毁灭性的，命中注定的”；mortal“凡人的，致死的，终有一死的，不共戴天的”；neutral“中立的，中性的，中立国的”。题目强调事情的重要性，但不足以致命，选A。13.参考答案：B[解析]动词词义辨析。accuse“指控，控诉”；charge“控告，指控”；blame“处罚，责罚”；criticize“批评，分析”。选项A一般用于accusesb.ofsth.“控告某人某事”，选项Cblamesb.forsth.“因某事处罚某人”，选项D不符合句意。故答案为B。14.参考答案：WritingonYourOwnThoughts

Justaswhatmentionedinthedirectionsforthiswriting"plagiarizing,orrepresentingsomeoneelse'sideasorwordsasyourownwillcauseproblemsforpeopleinanystageoflife.",weknowthatwritingonyourownthoughtsisveryimportant.Althoughwritingisanauthenticandcreativeprocess,therealityisthatitisverylikelytocommitplagiarizinginwritingifyouwon'ttakethepainstakingefforttoavoidplagiarism.

Plagiarismmeanstheactionoftakingsomeoneelse'sideasandwordsasiftheywereone'sown.Ofcourseplagiarismisdifferentfromquotation.Asallweknowthatwherethereiswritingwheretheremustbequotation.Inyourwritingyouwillquotesomedata,well-writtensentences,poems,proverbs,sayings,etctosupportyourideasortopolishyourarticle.Butwhenyouarequotingothers'wordsorthoughts,pleaseremembertousequotationmarkstomarkoutthepartwhichyouquotefromothers,oryoucangivesomeadditionalexplanationfortheminparentheses.Evenifyouareallowedtoquotesomewordsfromothers,don'tdotoomuchortoofrequently.Otherwiseyouwillbealsointhetrapofplagiarism.

Soifyouhopetoavoidplagiarisminyourwriting,youcouldfollowthefollowingadviceandwriteonyourownthoughts.Beforewriting,first,youshouldprepareenoughdetails,haveclearthemeaboutwhatyouareabouttowrite,conceivethestyleofyourwritinganddeterminethewayoforganization;second,designanoutlineforyourpossiblearticle;finally,makesurethatallofthesewritingmaterialsoriginatefromyourownthoughtsorarepreparedbyyourownefforts.15.参考答案：C16.参考答案：Bhumble卑下的，谦逊的；conceiting自负的，狂妄的；overweening骄傲的，自负的；poor贫穷的，可怜的。17.参考答案：A[解析]名词性短语含义辨析。onone'sbehalf“为……的利益，代表”；onone'saccount“为了某人，代理某人”；foryourpart“就某人来说”；inyourinterest“利益于某人，符合某人利益”。句意：如果你不想和他谈，我就代表你去和他说。根据句意空白处所填词应为代表某人去做某事，或者考虑利益于某人而做某事，A符合此处语境，故答案为A。18.参考答案：A[解析]题中cogent意为“令人胆寒的”，C项的convincing“令人恐惧的”与之相符。其他三项不正确：chronic有希望的；cavernous严寒的；choral发人深省的。19.参考答案：D[解析]climate除表示气候，风土外，还可指(社会)风气，一般(社会)趋势。如：politicalclimate政治风气。20.参考答案：A[解析]表示汽车突然转向要用swerve(突然转向，突然离开正路)。如：Thecarswervedtoavoidthedog．小汽车为了避开这只狗急忙转向。21.参考答案：IntroductionofMyCollege

I'mastudentatMaebashiInstituteofTechnologyinGunma.ItislocatedbetweenKomagataandShinmaebashiontheJRRyomoLine.It'sonly10minutesfromJRMaebashistationonabusorataxi.

Maebitwasoriginallyfoundedin1952asajuniorcollegeanditevolvedintoafour-yearcollegein1997.Todaytherearesome700studentsinboththejuniorcollegeandthefour-yearundergraduateschool.

Ourschoolofferstwosetsofprograms,thedaycourseandtheeveningcourse.Studentscanchoosewhicheversuitstheirconveniencesbestfromthosetwocourses.Manylessonsherearetaughtinsmall-sizedclasses.

I'mintheDepartmentofInformationEngineering.MyfieldofstudyisRobotics.Thefirstperiodbeginsat9:30a.m.,whichisratherlate,andthelastperiodofthedaycourseendsat4:55p.m.Theclassesfortheeveningcoursebeginat5:45p.m.andendat8:50p.m.

Maebit'scampusisnotverylargebutithasalotofflowerbedsandplants.Oncampustherearethelibrary,theclubbuilding,sportsfields,thestudentunionhall,thelaboratorybuilding,andmanyotherfacilities.Ourdepartmentbuildingliesinthenorthwestcornerofcampus.Thisbuildingwasbuiltaboutfiveyearsago,andeverythingisstillnewinthisbuilding.

Therearemanyclubs,butI'mnotamemberofanyclub.OneofmyfriendsisamemberoftheTennisClubinwhichthereare5members.TheypracticeeveryWednesdayandSaturdayafternoon.Theyarehopingtomakeitintothebest8inthecomingintercollegiatetournament.

Ilikemycollege.Ihavealreadymadesomegoodfriendsandwe'reenjoyingourschoollife.22.参考答案：B[解析]名词词义辨析。根据句中的but判定，空格应填入与reviews意思相近的名词。选项中，evaluation意为“评估；估价”，符合句意。故答案为B。23.参考答案：Technologyistheforemostandultimateproductivityforce．Toprospereconomy,technologymustbeprosperedatfirst．Onlythroughboostingtechnologysteadilycanwinthemainforceinthefiercecompetition．Theeconomyofourcountryisfacingamajortasktospeedupdevelopment，restructureandimproveefficiency,SOthewholesocietymuststrengthentheawarenessoftechnology,investmoreontechnologyinvariousareasandrelyactuallyonthetechnologicaladvancement．24.参考答案：C[解析]形近词词义辨析。mortgage“抵押”；monopoly“垄断”；manuscript“手稿，原稿”；maneuver“演习”，根据句意“编辑要进一步详细审查”，可知空格处应填入manuscript“手稿”。故答案为C。25.参考答案：Dadaptfor“使适合于；为……改编”符合题意。appointed约定，指定(时间，地点)，任命，委任；assembled集合；acknowledged承认，答谢，报偿。26.参考答案：A(showup露出，显出)。句意为：长期以来，该地区的经济十分萧条，经济复苏的迹象尚未显露出来。B．keepup维持；C．pickup无师自通地学会(语言)；D．makefor有利于。27.参考答案：Astosolvingthepracticalproblems,philosophyisuseless.Itsvalueliesininspiringpeople'sconsciousnessofproblemandlogicalthinkingability,withoutothersubjectalternativetoit.28.参考答案：B[解析]动词词义辨析。根据句中loweredherhead,couldn'tanswerthequestion说明她什么也干不了。选项中，defy通常的意思是“挑衅，不服从，公然反抗”，但还有“使落空”的意思，符合句意。故答案为B。29.参考答案：C[解析]动词词义辨析。根据句意可知，空格处所填单词应与offensive意义相关。选项中只有irritated“被激怒的”符合句意。故答案为C。30.参考答案：C[解析]explanation意为“解释，说明”，contradiction意为“反驳，矛盾”，reference意为“参考，提及，涉及”，reiection意为“拒绝，废弃”。根据句子后面的recenttroubles可知，解释、反驳和拒绝都不能与其达成合理的搭配。recenttroubles应是statement中的内容，即在statement中提及或涉及。即正确答案为C。31.参考答案：B[解析]句子大意为：特里默是一位严厉的经理，他只要无可争辩的好结果。在给出的选项中：credible“可信的”；undeniable“大家公认的、无可争辩的”；dynamic“动态的”；tangible“有形的、可感的”。所以，正确答案是B。32.参考答案：A[解析]各项的意思是：explicit“明确的，直言的，露骨的”；implicit“不言明的”；conspicuous“显跟的，明显的”；distinctive“有特色的，与众不同的”。根据句意判断，答案是A。33.参考答案：

OnworkingTogether

It'sinevitablethatpeoplehavetoworktogetherwithothersinstudyoratwork.Somepeopleprefertoworktogether,withpeoplethatholdthesameinterestandbeliefs,whileothersinclinetogetalongwithpeoplewhohavetotallydifferentideasorhabits.AsfarasIamconcerned,Iliketogetonwithpeopleofthesameinterestandideasasme.

Somepeopleareafraidthatthehomogeneousgroupswillexperiencelittlechangethusit'sdifficultforthemtomakeprogress.Thereissomethingrightinit,buttheirworriesareunnecessary.

Because,stayingwithpeoplethatholdthesameinterestandbeliefs,wecanfindmorethingsincommonwehavemoretocommunicateandex-change.Duringthecommunicationandexchangingprocess,ourhorizonisbroadened,andourselvesareperfected.

Stayingwithpeopleofthesameinterestandbeliefsgivespeopleasenseoffamily,thustherewillbelessestrangementbetweenpeople.

Butifwestaywithagroupofpeoplethatholdtotallydifferentbeliesandinterestfromus,it'spossiblethatweencounterconflictsfromtimetotime.Because,peopleareallconvincedintheirownbeliefsandwanttosticktotheirhabits,thuswecanfindlittlethatwecanagreeon,so,thecommunicationwillbeimpossibleandtheexchangingcan'tberealized,either.

Asoldsayinggoes"Birdsofthesamefeatherflocktogether".Ifirmlyinsistthatweworkwithpeoplewhohavethesameinterestandideasasus.Bydoingthis,wecanliveinamoreharmoniousenvironmentthuswecangetbetterdeveloped.34.参考答案：D[解析]四个选项中，A项intricate的意思是“错综复杂的，复杂精细的，难理解的，难分析的”；B项arbitrary的意思是“随心所欲的，武断的，反复无常的，任性多变的”；C项complicated的意思是“复杂的，难懂的，结构复杂的”；D项ambiguous的意思是“含糊不清的，引起歧义的”。根据题意，D项为正确答案。35.参考答案：C[解析]A项意为“复杂”；B项意为“收入”；C项意为“房屋贷款”；D项意为“断开处”。因此，C选项符合题意。36.参考答案：A[解析]句意是：他将同意做任何你要求他的事情。前三个选项的意思分别是：requireofsb．“要求某人”；requiresth．fromsb．“要求某人某事”；requiretodosth．“要求做某事”。for不能与require搭配。所以A是正确答案。37.参考答案：D[解析]D选项“proportionally按比例地，均衡地”符合题意，如：Thepaywillbeproportionaltotheamountoftimeputin.(代价要和所花费的时间成比例。)其他三项“A选项equally平均地；C选项sufficiently充足地；B选项individually单独地，个别地”都不正确。本题空格处是说食物按比例来分。38.参考答案：Inthepastfewyears,thestronglabormarketandloosefinancialenvironmenthavebeenthetwokeyforcestosupportdomesticdemand.39.参考答案：B改为canbefound。Depictions与谓语动词find是被动关系。40.参考答案：HonestyisoneofthetraditionalvirtuesinChina.Wedon'tlikeadouble-facedman.Althoughheorshecangainadvantagesfrombothsides,heorshewillbelookeddownuponbyourhonestmen.Inmyeyes,thedishonestmanisasnob,andthereisacaricatureinwhichwefindamanwhohasbroughtwithhimtwoabsolutelydifferentreports.Whenheisinfrontofhisbosswitha