2023年自考类英语自考英语阅读(二)历年高频考题带答案难题附详解

2023年自考类英语自考英语阅读(二)历年高频考题带答案难题附详解（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共50题)1.Don'tdumpgarbageorotherwasteonthelandorinthewater.2.TheUSFederalReserveraisedAmericaninterestrateslastnightforathirteenthtimeinarowandsignaledthat,whileitremainssettopushthemstillhigher,its18-monthcampaignofincreaseswillstarttowinddownnextyear.

Thisyear'srepeatedlyrisinginterestrateswillprobablyf______nextyear.3.Notonlyaretoday'sviolentteensmaturingintomoreviolentyoungadults,buttheyarebeingsucceededbyanewandlargegroupofteenagers.4.Loveandknowledgeledmeupwardtowardtheheavens.Butalwayspitybroughtmebacktoearth.Childreninfamine,helplessoldpeopleandthewholeworldofloneliness,poverty,andpainmakeamockeryofwhathumanlifeshouldbe.Ilongtodestroytheevil,butIcan'tandItoosuffer.

S______isoneoftheessentialqualitiesofthespeaker.5.AfashionablewordinEnglishthesedaysisYAHOO,awordpopularizedbytheInternetsearchenginecarryingthesamename.Theoriginal"yahoos"werequitedifferent.Theywerethenasty,brutish,shortandsubhumansavagesdescribedintheGulliver'sTravels.Todaytheyaredie-hardfansofthehometeamofanysportorsportenthusiastswhocan'thelplovingthehometeam.

Howdidthew______yahoocome?6.However,allcountriesdonotbenefittothesamedegreefromthisprograminmedicineandhygiene.7.Whenhewasonceaccustomedtothelittlepillowheneverpartedfromitanymore,butdraggeditafterhimwhereverhewent.8.Theproblemofkidswithgunscannotbeoverstatedinviewofrecenttrendsingun-relatedkillingsamongyouth.9.Onesystemusingsolarenergytocleanuppollutioninwaterhasbanksofmovingmirrorsthatfocussunlightontoawaterfallofwastewater.Theothermethodreflectslightfromamirroredtroughontowastewaterflowingthroughglasstubes.Thesolarpurifierswillreduceconcentrationoforganicpollutantstoafewpartsperbillion.

Twomethodsforwatert______withsolarenergy.10.SocialistcountriesalsoputmuchmorestressonbalancingthedistributionofwealththandoestheUnitedStates.Manyservicessuchashealthcare,housingandvacationtripsareprovidedatlittledirectcosttocitizens.

Markets______insocialistcountries.11.Probablythemostprimitivereasonforteenagerebelliousnessisphysicalinnature.Ataboutthebeginningofadolescence,childrenareundergoingprofoundhormonalchangesastheirbodiesgothroughpuberty.Theirbodiesaretellingthemthattheyarenolongerchildren,andyettheirparentsarestilltreatingthemaschildren.

Reasonswhyteenagersr______theirparents.12.Tuitionforprivateforprofittradeschoolsthatusuallyspecializeinonefield,suchashairstylingorautomechanics,varieswidely.13.Althoughacomputerworksmuchfasterandmoreaccuratelythanman,afactisundeniable:itisdesigned,manufacturedandprogrammedbyman,andthereforecontrolledbyhumanbeings.Sciencefictionshavemadeupmanyfascinatingstoriesaboutacomputer,orratherrobot,whoconquersmananditsearth,eventhewholeuniverse;however,theyareonlyunrealisticimagination.

Mancannotbec______bycomputers.14.Ittakestimeforthemtoprepareforthegreatchangesthatoccurinspace.Whenthespaceshipleavestheearthattremendousspeed,theastronautsfeelasiftheyarebeingcrushedagainstthespaceshipfloor.Later,whentheyleavethezoneoftheearth'sgravitation,theyareunabletostayinoneplace.

Problemsforastronautstoo______whentravelingtospace.15.Asleadersandprofessionals,wearecalledupontobeatourbestallofthetime.Notonlydoweneedtomaintainandimprovepersonalperformance,butweasprojectmanagersandprogrammanagersarefrequentlyresponsiblefortheperformanceofothers.Onechallengeishowwemanagemanyofourpositiveandnegativefeelingsthatinevitablycomeourwayinthecourseofourprofessionalendeavors.

Leadersandprofessionalsshouldknowhowtoc______theirpersonalfeelings.16.EngineersatSandiaNationalLaboratoriesinAlbuquerquehavebuilttwodifferentsystemsthatuseultravioletlightfromthesuntobreakuptoxicchemicalsinwater.Thisisabigimprovementoverconventionalwatertreatmentsystem,whichonlyfiltertoxicchemicalsout,leavingtheproblemofdisposal.

Newe______onwatertreatment.17.Thisreportisnotdesignedtopresentcomprehensiveanswerstoallofthequestionsconcerningjuvenilecrime,butratheritprovidesbasicinformationontheissues.18.Yaleembarkedonasteadyexpansion,establishingtheMedicalInstitution(1810),DivinitySchool(1822),LawSchool(1843),GraduateSchoolofArtsandSciences(1847),theSchoolofFineArts(1869),andSchoolofMusic(1894).In1887YaleCollegebecameYaleUniversity.ItcontinuedtoaddtoitsacademicofferingswiththeSchoolofForestry&EnvironmentalStudies(1900),SchoolofNursing(1923),SchoolofDrama(1955),SchoolofArchitecture(1972),andSchoolofManagement(1974).

Thee______ofYale.19.Campsareeithertemporary,thatischangedfromdaytoday,ortheyarepermanentandmaybevisitedyearafteryear,ortheymaybeusedforafewweeksatatime.20.Hehasneverhurtmeorbeenvicioustowardsmebut,attimes,IhavehatedhimanditisonlysinceIhavestartedtomaturethatIhavelearnedtoaccepthimforwhoheis.

Learntoa______aperson.21.Hisaudienceissurprisedtohearthatonly22percentofeighthgradersreadforfundaily,while65percentwatchthreehoursormoreoftelevisioneachday.ResearchalsoindicatesthataveragereadingproficiencydropswhenTVviewingreachesaboutthreehoursaday.Theirparent'habitsarenobetter:arecentsurveyshowsadeclineinnewspaperreadershipamongU.S.adults.

I______oftelevisiontoreading.22.Womenin1970earnedonaverage52centsforeverydollaramanearned.By2007,womenearned71cents,agreatimprovement.Butthat'snotlikelytogrowmuchaslongasagreaterpercentageofwomenworkinlower-payingfieldsandmorewomenthanmenleavetheworkplaceforperiodstoraisechildren.

Womengenerallyearnl______thanmen.23.Whenpricesclimbfasterthanpeople'sincomes,familiessoonerorlaterareforcedtocutbackonbuyinginordertomakeeachendmeet.24.Knowingourgeneticmakeupcanhelpusgaugewhetherornotwemaybestrickenbyaparticularillness,suchascancer.Evenbeforebirth,weareabletodogeneticscreeningstodeterminewhatachild'sgeneticdisorderswillbe.Inadditiontopredictinggeneticpredispositionstowarddiseases,genetherapiesmayprovidenewtreatmentsorcuresforseriousdiseases.

Greatprogressing______engineering.25.Thepopularityofrivalriesfueledtheattractionofthegame(baseball)andcausedittobecomethenationalpastime.Thesporttransformedfrombeingagameofamateursintoasportplayedbyprofessionals.Withthattransformation,theinnocenceofbaseballhadbeenlost.

Baseballt______toaprofessionalsport.26.Healthcareisanessentialpartofsocialprotectioninanysociety,andastheglobalpopulationages,itisessentialthathealthservicesadapttonewdemands.27.Itisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutmemory.Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebasesforthedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobefoundinourpastexperiences,whicharebroughtintothepresentbymemory.

Thef______ofmemory.28.Anaverageofjustone85-gramservingofunprocessedredmeat—suchasamediumhamburgerorasmallporkchop—perdayincreasedby12percentthechancesapersonwouldgettype2diabetesoverthecourseofadecadeortwo.

C______ofredmeatincreasesriskofdiabetes.29.ByWesternerswhohavealreadybeenworkinginAsiannations,theyaretoldtorememberasprioritiesthefive"Fs":family,face,fate,favorsandfriends.AlthoughtheydohavesomesubtledifferencesinmeaningsandconnotationsindifferentpartsofAsia,nevertheless,Westernbusinessmenneedtobesensitivetotheseissuesiftheywishtobesuccessful.

Doingb______inAsiashouldrememberthefive"Fs'.30.Thosewhosupportthe"nurturetheory",thatis,theyadvocateeducation,areoftencalledbehaviorists.Theyclaimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Thebehavioristsmaintainthat,likemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.

S______aremoreimportantthaninstincts.31.Onesystemusingsolarenergytocleanuppollutioninwaterhasbanksofmovingmirrorsthatfocussunlightontoawaterfallofwastewater.Theothermethodreflectslightfromamirroredtroughontowastewaterflowingthroughglasstubes.Thesolarpurifierswillreduceconcentrationoforganicpollutantstoafewpartsperbillion.

Twomethodsforwatert______withsolarenergy.32.Donnellansaid,"We're"makingprogressatarapidpace,andIbelievethatitwon'tbethatmanyyearsbeforewe'reabletoreducetheforecastprobabilitiesfromhundredsofmilesandfiftyyears,totensofmilesandfiveto'tenyears.Wecan'tstopearthquakesfromhappening,butwiththatkindofforecastaccuracy,we'llbemuchbetterpreparedforthemwhentheydo."

V______aboutfutureearthquakeforecast.33.YaleUniversitycomprisesthreemajoracademiccomponents:YaleCollege(theundergraduateprogram),theGraduateSchoolofArtsandSciences,andtenprofessionalschools.Inaddition,Yaleencompassesawidearrayofresearchorganizations,librariesandmuseums,andadministrativeandsupportoffices.Approximately11,250studentsattendYale.

Briefi______aboutYaleUniversity.34.Insteadofimprisonment,somecriminologistshavesuggestedaradicallydifferentapproachtocrimeprevention,assertingthat"situationalcrimeprevention"ismoreeffectivethantraditionaleffortstopreventcrime.Thisapproachfocusesonbehaviorsofcriminalsinspecificsituations,andtriestobasecrimepreventiononchangingthesituationsandopportunitieswhichfavorcrime.

Anewa______tocrimeprevention.35.Andchancesare,youwillneedtrainingafterhighschoolthroughsomeformofalternativecareereducation.36.Allplantsandanimalsthathavebeenstudiedcarefully(includinghumans)seemtohavebuild-inclocks.Theyknowthetimenaturallyandcorrectlywithoutanyhelpfromoutside.

Tohaveab______clock.37.Highsalariesintheelectricity,telecommunicationsandothermonopolyindustrieshavedrawnstrongcriticisminChina,wheretheGinicoefficient,nowstandsat0.46,exceedingtheinternationallyrecognizedalarmlevelof0.45.SoChinaisconsideringcuttingwagesinmonopolyindustriestoreducethecountry'swideningincomegap.Adraftdirectivedocumenthasbeenworkedoutforthispurpose.

Theneedton______theincomegap.38.Inthepast,makingstructuresquake-resistantmeantfirmyetflexiblematerials,suchassteelandwoodthatbendwithoutbreaking.Later,peopletriedtoliftabuildingoffitsfoundation,andinsertrubberandsteelbetweenthebuildinganditsfoundationtoreducetheimpactofgroundvibrations.Themostrecentdesignsgivebuildingsbrainsaswellasconcreteandsteelsupports.Thesearecalledsmartbuildings.

Differentwaystoi______quake-resistanceofabuilding.39.thejuvenilejusticesystemhasevolvedovertheyearsbasedonthepremisethatjuvenilesaredifferentfromadultsandjuvenileswhocommitcriminalactsgenerallyshouldbetreateddifferentlyfromadults.40.Finally,decentworkprovidessocialsecurityandiscarriedoutinconditionsoffreedomandhumandignity.41.Afactoryisoftenthepropertyofasocietyoragovernment,ratherthanthepropertyofoneperson.42.Computercriminalsare,forthemostpart,well-educatedandhighlyintelligent,andhavetheanalyticalskillsthatmakethemvaluedemployees.43.Increasingly,childrenarebeingraisedinhomesdisruptedbydivorceandeconomicstress;toomanychildrenemergeundersocializedandundersupervised.44.Buyingvitaminscanbepredictedbypsychologicalaswellasnutritionalmotivesanditisprudenttoinvestigatewhywethinkweneedthemandwhatbenefitsweexpectfromthembeforewerushofftothehealthshoptomakeourpurchases.45.Hereisonewayitisdone.Therobotisgivencertaininformationaboutthesizeandshapeofabaseball.Thenitanalyzespicturestakenbyits"eye",whichisreallyacamera.Therobottransformsthethousandsofdotsthatcomposethepictureintozeroesandones,dependingonhowdarkeachdotis.

Robot'ss______forplayingbaseball.46.Incollege,thestudentsshouldmajorinoneparticularfieldanddeveloptheirpotentialability.Soinsteadofrelyingontheteachertoomuch,thestudentsshouldworkmostlyindependentlyanddoalotofthinkingsoastostudyindepth.Thus,onenteringcollege,thefreshmenmustadjustthemselvestothenewwaysoflearning.

Thechangesofc______education.47.Virtuallyeverycompanywithacomputerisvulnerabletocomputerabuse,crimeandaccident.48.Educationteachesachildtorealizethatheisnotthrownintotheworldbychance,hehashisparttoplay.Hewilllearnwhatisusefultohimandsocietyatlarge.Educationimpartsagreatdealofknowledgetohismindandencouragesachildtoworkhard.

Thep______ofeducation.49.Inthelaboratorieswhereastronautsaretrainedfortheirjourneys,theyaresubjectedtoconditionsthatresemblethoseofflight.50.WatchingTV,schedulingtomorrow'sagenda,problem-solvingwithyourspouseandevenreadingareactivitiesassociatedwithwakefulness,saysCharlesMorin,apsychologistandauthorofRelieffromInsomnia:GettingtheSleepofYourDreams.Theseactivitiescanhelpsomepeoplewinddown,butifyourrestispoor,saysMorin,"usethebedroomstrictlyforsleepandsex."

L______bedroomactivities.第1卷参考答案一.历年考点试题黑钻版1.参考答案：不要将垃圾和其他废弃物倒在陆地上或投入水中。[解析]这是一个简单句。dumpsth.in将某物扔到……里。2.参考答案：fall[解析]题目可译为“今年重复增长的利率明年可能会怎样”。文章主要讲了美国联邦储备第13次提高了美国利率，但是在明年将会出现转折。单词以f开头，又与“下滑，下降”意思相近的是fall。答案为fall。3.参考答案：今天具有暴力倾向的青少年会成为更加凶残的年轻罪犯，而且紧随他们的是一大批年龄更小的青少年。[解析]notonly...but(also)...指不仅……而且……；maturinginto...adults是现在分词短语作teens的定语。4.参考答案：Sympathy[解析]题目可译为“作者的基本情感之一是什么”。文章主要讲了作者对爱情和知识的向往，对同情、贫穷、孤独、痛苦等的排斥，希望摧毁邪恶但又无能为力的心情。单词以s开头，又与“同情，怜悯”意思相近的是sympathy。答案为Sympathy。5.参考答案：word[解析]本段落的主旨是搜索引擎网yahoo名字的由来。答案为word。6.参考答案：并不是所有国家都从医疗卫生的进步中得到同样多的实惠。[解析]benefitfrom指从中获利。这是一个简单句，可直译。7.参考答案：当它适应枕头之后，就再也没有分开过：无论它走到哪，都会拖着枕头。[解析]whenhe...anymore是由when引导的时间状语从句；beaccustomedto指习惯某事；whereverhewent指无论走到哪里。8.参考答案：考虑到年轻人持枪犯罪的最近趋势，青少年持枪的问题已不再是被过分夸大。[解析]这是一个简单句，直译即可。其中，inviewof考虑到。9.参考答案：treatment[解析]本段落的主旨是利用太阳能净化水的两种方法。答案为treatment。10.参考答案：system[解析]本段落的主旨是社会主义国家的市场调节机制。答案为system。11.参考答案：rebel[解析]题目可泽为“青少年为什么……家长的原因”。文章主要讲了青少年反叛是因为身体的变化暗示了他们的成长，但是父母对待他们依然像孩子一样。单词以r开头，与“反叛”意思相近的是rebel。答案为rebel。12.参考答案：以赢利为目的，专注于美发或机械自动化等某个领域的学校通常收取学费的差别很大。[解析]thatusuallyspecializein...widely为由that引导的定语从句，来作schools的定语；specializein指专营。13.参考答案：control[解析]文章句中it(computer)isdesigned…andthereforecontrolledbyhumanbeings，计算机是人类设计、生产出来的，因此，也是在人类掌控之下的，是本段话的主题句，所以可以把本段话概括为“人类不可能被计算机控制”，“控制”为control。答案为control。14.参考答案：overcome[解析]本段落的主旨是宇航员飞往太空时需要克服的困难。当宇宙飞船飞离地球时，会出现各种各样难以预测的状况。答案为overcome。15.参考答案：control16.参考答案：experiment[解析]本段落的主旨是净化水的新方法。利用太阳光中的紫外线来使水中的有毒化学物质分解。答案为experiment。17.参考答案：这个报告不会对所有有关青少年犯罪的问题作出全面的答复，但是它提供了有关这些问题的基本信息。[解析]bedesignedtodosth.指旨在做某事。juvenilecrime指青少年犯罪。18.参考答案：expansion[解析]本段话的主题句为第一句的前半句Yaleembarkedonasteadyexpansion，其他句子讲耶鲁大学的前身’YaleCollege时的扩张情况，接着讲YaleUniversity时的扩张情况，所以本段可以总结为TheexpansionofYale。答案为expansion。19.参考答案：露营地如果不是临时的，即每天都不一样，就是能保持永久的，即有可能每年都来拜访，或者有可能一次就使用它们几个星期。[解析]either...or...指不是……就是……；permanent指永久的。20.参考答案：accept[解析]本段落的主旨是我们要学着接纳一个人。答案为accept。21.参考答案：Influence[解析]Influenceoftelevisiontoreading.此段开头讲了八年级学生中22%的人为了乐趣而阅读，65%或更多的人每天看三小时以上的电视。有研究表明，每天看大约三个小时的电视会导致阅读熟练程度的下降。且这些八年级的学生的父母的习惯也不好。由此可看出本段主要讲“看电视对阅读的影响”。答案为Influence。22.参考答案：less[解析]本段主要讲了女性在收入上与男性的比较。事实是，从过去到现在虽然女性的收入有所提高，但还是不能得到和男性同等的待遇，而且更多的女性有时要离开工作岗位去养育孩子。句中的关键词low-paying可以给我们提示。因此总结句应为女性一般挣得比男性要少。答案为less。23.参考答案：当物价上涨超过人们的收入水平时，为了保证收支平衡，家家户户迟早得减少消费。[解析]whenprices...endmeet为时间状语从句；soonerorlater迟早；beforcedtodosth.强迫做某事；makeeachendmeet指为了保证收支平衡。24.参考答案：genetic[解析]题目可译为“在什么工程方面的重大进步”。文章主要讲了基因对人体健康的重要性以及现在的技术可以让人们在儿童时期就可以通过基因对一些疾病进行预测。单词以g开头，又与“基因的”意思相近的是genetic。答案为genetic。25.参考答案：transformed[解析]本段落的主旨是棒球转变成一种职业性运动。棒球在以前只是人们娱乐时的一种体育项目，而今却转变成了职业选手参加的体育比赛项目。答案为transformed。26.参考答案：医疗护理在任何社会中都是社会保证的一个基本组成部分。随着全球老龄人口的增加，健康医疗服务适应新的需求变得刻不容缓。[解析]asthe...demands是由as引导的一个时间状语从句；healthcare指医疗护理；adaptto指适应。27.参考答案：function28.参考答案：Consumption[解析]本段主要讲了在近10年或20年的进程中，每天吃一块平均85克的未加工红肉——相当于一个中型汉堡或是一小块猪肉排骨——会使人得Ⅱ型糖尿病的几率增加12%。由此我们可以总结出主题句应为对红肉的消耗会增加得糖尿病的危险。答案为Consumption。29.参考答案：business[解析]DoingbusinessinAsiashouldrememberthefive"Fs".本段主要讲：西方人在亚洲做生意要记住五个“F”。即家庭、脸面、命运、善行和朋友。答案为business。30.参考答案：Surroundings[解析]surroundingsaremoreimportantthaninstincts．本段讲了行为主义者认为在决定我们的行为时，我们所处的环境比我们的本能更重要。答案为Surroundings。31.参考答案：treatment[解析]本段落的主旨是利用太阳能净化水的两种方法。答案为treatment。32.参考答案：vision[解析]本段落的主旨是将来地震预测的展望。虽然我们不能阻止地震的发生，但我们可以在地震发生时有所防备。答案为vision。33.参考答案：introduction[解