高三英语一轮复习单元训练卷3+人教版（2019）必修第一+册Unit+4 +5

必修一Unit4-Unit5第Ⅰ卷（选择题）一、阅读理解ATheAnalysisofFriendshipwithRobinDunbarFriendshipisthesinglemostimportantthingthataffectsourpsychologicalandourphysicalhealthandwell-being.It’salsoveryexpensivebecause,ifwewantfriendshipstoworkforus,wehavetoinvestalotoftimeinkeepingthem.Inthisonlinetalk,RobinDunbarwillexplainhowourbrainscreatefriendshipsforus.Aboutthespeaker:RobinDunbarisProfessorofEvolutionaryPsychologyattheUniversityofOxford.HespentthefirsthalfofhiscareerstudyingthesocialbehaviorofmonkeysandantelopesinAfrica,andthesecondhalfstudyinghumans.Hehaspublished400sciencejournalarticles.Besides,hehascontributedtomanyradioandTVsciencedocumentaries,andhaswrittenadozenpopularsciencebooks.What’sincludedinyourticket:●Livelecturelasting60minutesincludingQ&AwithRobinDunbarOn-demandaccesstoarecordingofthelectureandQ&Afor12monthsBookinginformation:●Thisonlineeventwillstartat6p.m.onThursday21,October2021andwilllastforonehour.Accesstoarecordingoftheeventwillbeavailabletoticketpurchasersforthe12monthsfollowingtheliveevent.●Aticketcostsyouthirteendollars.We’llemailyouaconfirmationimmediatelyafterpurchase.You’llreceiveaseparateemailwithalinktoaccesstheeventauditorium(礼堂)beforetheevent.Pleasenotethateachlinkisuniqueandshouldn’tbeshared.●NewScientistLtdreservestherighttochangetheeventanditsline-up,orcanceltheevent.Intheunlikelyeventofcancellation,allticketswillbefullyrefunded.NewScientistLtdwon’tberesponsibleforanyadditionalexpensescausedbyticketholdersinrelationtotheevent.1.Whatwilltheonlinetalkbemainlyabout?A.Theexpensesoffriendship. B.Theformationoffriendship.C.Theproblemsoffriendship. D.Theimportanceoffriendship.2.WhatachievementhasRobinDunbaralreadymade?A.Hehascollectedmanysciencedocumentaries.B.Hehaspublishedtwelvepopularsciencebooks.C.Hehasgivenmanyinspirationalspeechesonline.D.Hehaswrittenover400papersonsocialbehavior.3.Whichofthefollowingwillbegiventotheticketholders?A.Asixty-minute-longlivelecture.B.Accesstothespeaker’swritings.C.Achancetointerviewthespeaker.D.Involvementinrecordingthelecture.BOnAugust25,HurricaneHarveymadelandfallinSouthernTexas.Thestormlastedfordays,pouringalmost52inchesofrain.Thedownpourhascausedwidespreadflooding,forcingmorethan32,000peopleintosheltersanddamagingthecity’swatersupplysystem.Theonlysilverliningisthatdisastersliketheseseemedtounitepeople.Whilethenumberoforganizationsandindividualsthathavegoneallouttoassistthevictimsistoomanytolist,herearesomehighlightsoftheoutpouringofsupportthathasmadeheadlinesthispastweek.Aweekago,NFIplayerJJWattsetupawebsitewithagoaltoraise$200,000.Soonhehascollectedover$18million,andthedonationskeeppouringin.Thethrilledfootballstarwantstoensurethemoneyisusedwhereneeded,saying,“We’retryingtomakesureitgoesdirectlytothepeople.Soourfirstwaveofoperationiswe'llhaveninesemi-trucksgoingoutthereandIwillgostraightintothecommunitiesandhandstuffoutthere.”Ordinaryindividualsarenotshyingawayfromhelpingeither.JimMcIngvale,theownerofafurniturestore,turnedhistwo100,000-square-footwarehouseintoshelters.Whenaskedifhewasconcernedaboutthefurniturethatwasbeingusedbythoselivingthere,heresponded,“Thesepeoplearenice.They’retakingcareofthefurniture.Furniture’smadetobesaton,sleptonorlaidon.It’sjustaproduct.”Therearealsomanyunsungheroesthatareputtingtheirlivesatrisktohelpothers.Afterdiscoveringanelderlymantrappedinsidehistruck,localpeoplemadeahumanchainthroughthedangerouswatertodraghimtosafety.Whilethereisnotmuchanyonecouldhavedonetopreventtheloss,peopleacrosstheUSaredoingeverythingtheycantohelpitspeoplerecover.4.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedwords“silverlining”inparagraph2?A.problem B.opportunityC.solution D.comfort5.HowdidJJWattmostprobablyfeelaboutthedonation?A.Disappointed B.Confused.C.Unexpected. D.Dissatisfied.6.WhatdidJimMcIngvaledotohelpthevictimsinthedisaster?A.Hehelpedtosavethemfromdrowning.B.Heofferedthemaplacetolivein.C.Heprovidedworkfortheminhisstore.D.Herentedfurnituretothemcheaply.7.Whatspiritdoestheauthormainlyintendtopraise?A.Determination. B.Selflessness.C.Honesty. D.Bravery.CStopwastingyourtimethinkingofreasonsforyourfailures.Instead,realizethattheseedsofsuccesswereplantedwithinyouwhenyouwereborn.Onlyyouhavethepowertomakethoseseedsgrow.Theseeds,andthepowertogrowthem,arecontainedinthemostawesomemachineevercreated:thehumanmind.Successisachoiceandnotachance.Youwerebornawinner.Youwerebornrich.Youcanbeasuccessifonlyyoumaketherightchoice.Youcannotbesuccessfulwithoutfirstdevelopingyourself-confidence.Yourlevelofself-confidenceisalwaysbasedonthedegreeofcontrolthatyouareabletoexerciseoveryourself,andthusoveryourlife.Peoplewithlowself-confidencearepeoplewhodonotbelievethattheyhaveanypower,orresponsibilityfortheirlives.Theyarealwaysvictims.Theyareleavestossed(摇摆)bythewindsofchanceblownaboutwithanysuddenchangeintheweather.Youcanexercisecontroloveryourlifeonlytothedegreethatyoubelieveyouareresponsibleforeverythingthathappensinyourlife.Failuresthinkthateverythinghappensbyaccidentandchance.Successfulpeoplerealizethattheyareresponsible.Everythinghappensasaresultofsomething.Ifwecanidentify(确定)thecause,wecancontroltheeffect.Weareresponsibleforwhatwechoosetothinkandbelieve.Onegenerallyrisestothelevelthatoneexpects.Weareresponsibleforsettingourexpectations.Oursuccessisdependentuponourlevelofconfidence.Inallareasofyourlife,whethertheyarefinancial,physical,orspiritual,youareresponsible.Onceyourecognizethis,acceptit,andfirmlybelieveit.Youareontheroadtosuccess.8.Peoplewithlowself-confidencearecomparedtoleavesbecausethey______.A.don’thavethepowertofacetheirlivesB.arereadytochangetheirmindsC.can’texercisecontroloverthemselvesD.areeasilyaffectedbywindyweather9.Loserswouldthinkthat______.A.theyfailonlybecauseofbadluckB.theydon’tmakeeffortstosucceedC.successistheresultofhardworkD.workinghardwillleadtosuccess10.Itcanbeinferredfromthefifthparagraphthat______.A.whatwebelieveinistheresultofcreativemindB.whetherwewillsucceeddependsonourattitudesC.settingourexpectationsisvitalbeforetakingactionD.knowingcauseandeffectisthekeytofuturesuccess11.Thelastparagraphservesas______.A.anintroductiontoanothertopicB.acomparisonbetweentwoviewsC.theproofoftheauthor’spointsD.theconclusionoftheargumentDPeopleoftenaskwhichisthemostdifficultlanguagetolearn,anditisnoteasytoanswerbecausetherearetoomanyfactorstotakeintoconsideration.Firstly,inafirstlanguagethedifficultiesareunimportantaspeoplelearntheirmothertonguenaturally,sothequestionofhowhardalanguageistolearnonlymakesmoresensewhenlearningasecondlanguage.AnativespeakerofSpanish,forexample,willfindPortuguesemucheasiertolearnthananativespeakerofChinesebecausePortugueseisverysimilartoSpanish,whileChineseisverydifferent,sofirstlanguagecanaffectlearningasecondlanguage.Thegreaterthedifferencesbetweenthesecondlanguageandourfirstlanguage,theharderitwillbeformostpeopletolearn.ManypeopleanswerthatChineseisthehardestlanguagetolearn,possiblyinfluencedbythethoughtoflearningtheChinesewritingsystem,andthepronunciationofChinesedoesappeartobeverydifficultformanyforeignlearners.However,forJapanesespeakers,whoalreadyuseChinesecharactersintheirownlanguage,learningwritingwillbelessdifficultthanforspeakersoflanguagesusingtheRomanalphabet.Somepeopleseemtolearnlanguageseasily,whileothersfinditverydifficult.Teachersandthecircumstancesinwhichthelanguageislearnedalsoplayanimportantrole,aswellaseachlearner’smotivationforlearning.Ifpeoplelearnalanguagebecausetheyneedtouseitprofessionally,theyoftenlearnitfasterthanpeoplestudyingalanguagethathasnodirectuseintheirdaytodaylife.Obviously,BritishdiplomatsandotherembassystaffhavefoundthatthesecondhardestlanguageisJapanese,whichwillprobablycomeasnosurprisetomany,butthelanguagethattheyhavefoundtobethemostproblematicisHungarian,whichusesasimilaralphabettoEnglishbuthas35cases(formsofanounsaccordingtowhetheritissubject,object,genitive,etc).ThisdoesnotmeanthatHungarianisthehardestlanguagetolearnforeveryone,butitcausesBritishdiplomaticpersonnel,whoaregenerallyusedtolearninglanguages,themostdifficulty.However,Tabassaran,aCaucasianlanguagehas48cases,soitmightcausemoredifficultyifBritishdiplomatshadtolearnit.Differentculturesandindividualsfromthosecultureswillfinddifferentlanguagesmoredifficult.Therefore,itisimpossibletosaythatthereisonelanguagethatisthemostdifficultlanguageintheworld.12.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?A.Thequestionofhowhardalanguageistolearnisonlyapplicabletofirstlanguageacquisition.B.Thequestionofhowhardalanguageistolearnisonlyapplicabletosecondlanguageacquisition.C.Thequestionofhowhardalanguageistolearnisapplicabletobothfirstandsecondlanguageacquisition.D.Therearetoomanylanguagesintheworldsoit’sdifficulttosaywhichoneisthemostdifficulttolearn.13.WhichlanguagewillanativePortuguesespeakerprobablyfindeasiertolearn?A.Chinese,becausePortugueseuseChinesecharactersintheirownlanguage.B.Japanese,becauseitissimilartotheirownlanguage.C.Spanish,becauseitalsousesRomanalphabet.D.AnyonebutChinese,becauseitspronunciationisverydifficult.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“circumstances”refertoinParagraph3?A.Aparticularsituationorenvironment.B.Thedegreeofeducationthatsomebodyhasobtained.C.Teachers’encouragement.D.Professionaltraining.15.Theauthorismostlikelytoagree______A.manyBritishdiplomatslearnTabassaran.B.Hungarian’sgrammaticalcomplexitycausesproblemsfornativeBritishspeakers.C.TabassaranisthehardestlanguagetolearnintheworldfornativeEuropeanspeakers.D.learningadifferentwritingsystemisveryeasyforBritishspeakers.二、七选五Forestfiresburnthousandsofacresoflandeachyear.Theydestroyanimalandhumanhomes,killingmanycreaturesintheirpath.___16___Theymakeforestshealthierbyclearingoutdeadwood,makingroomfornewtrees.Theheatofafireisneededbysomeseedsbeforetheycanbegintogrow.But,goodorbad,forestfiresneedtobecontrolled.___17___Firefightersrelyonteamwork.Thisgroupoffirefighters,knownasahandcrew,willworktogetherwithabulldozer(推土机)andahelicopter.Thecrewhikeintothewoodstocutafireline.Afirelineisapaththroughtheforeststrippedofallplants.Soildoesn’tburn,sothefirewon’tcrossthislineifthelineiswideenough.___18___Usingchainsaws,thefirsttwocrewmemberscutthebigwoodoutofthepath.Nextcometwoswampers,whoclearawaythewood.Thenextfirefightersinlinebreakupthegroundandhackattheremainingplants.Lastcomefirefighterswithshovelsandotherhandtools.___19___Tomakesurethefirewon’tjumptheline,abulldozerfollowsthehandcrew.Inonepass,thebulldozertriplesthewidthofthefireline.Thehandcrewfollowthebulldozertoremoveanyplantsleftbehind.___20___Ahugerubberbucketiscarriedbeneaththehelicopter.Withtheflickofaswitch,thepilotreleasesthebottomofthebucket,andwaterpourstotheground.A.Butsomeforestfiresalsodogood.B.Forestfiresdogreatharmtonature.C.Thehandcrewworkinalongline.D.Let’sseewhatitmeanstobeaforestfirefighter.E.Theworkoffirefightersishardaswellasdangerous.F.Ifthefirethreatenstojumptheline,thecrewcallinthehelicopter.G.Aseachfirefightertakesaswingattheground,thefirelinegetsbetter.三、完形填空阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。OnMondaymorningaround9:30a.m,28-year-oldBenDelahunty’shikingpartnerputinacalltoreportthathisfriendwas___21___underalargestoneintheareaofLakeVivianeinWashington.Hesaidhisfriend’swristwasstuckbythestoneanditwasalso___22___hislegs,buttheywerenotabletoimmediatelymovetheboulderasitwas___23___thesizeofarefrigerator.Theyinitiallyfeltreally___24___onthelargestone-butallofasuddenitstartedto___25___andheendedupunderneathit.Therescueproved___26___forofficials.Theywerenearlyonacliff(悬)sideandthestonewasalsobeingheldinplacebyatree.Thescenepresentedauniquechallengeofgetting___27___capableofmovingthestoneaswellasrescuersonthescene___28___.TheStateEmergencyManagementrequestedahelicoptertohelp.Additionally,localfiredepartmentswerealso___29___.Thecrewsimmediatelyfoundthisrescuehadmorechallenges.Theofficialsneededropestosafely___30___thehiker’slocationastherewasariskoffallingwhile___31___thestone.However,duetochallenging___32___conditions,includingheavywinds,thefirstattempttolifthimintothehelicopterwas___33___.At4:45p.m.therewasenoughofa___34___intheweathertoallowthemtoattemptanotheroperation.___35___,theyweresuccessfulandtransportedMr.Delahuntytothehospital.21.A.trapped B.discovered C.hurt D.murdered22.A.underneath B.beyond C.across D.behind23.A.completely B.approximately C.exactly D.merely24.A.natural B.stable C.dangerous D.comfortable25.A.disappear B.float C.crash D.slide26.A.stubborn B.regular C.tough D.impossible27.A.wind B.rope C.partner D.equipment28.A.intotal B.intime C.inorder D.inpublic29.A.contacted B.refused C.awarded D.rewarded30.A.record B.access C.observe D.check31.A.dealingwith B.leavingbehind C.packingup D.blowingaway32.A.land B.living C.health D.weather33.A.meaningful B.remarkable C.unsuccessful D.promising34.A.break B.hit C.sign D.delay35.A.Usually B.Instantly C.Finally D.Surprisingly第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）四、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Manypiecesofbeautifulpottery(陶器)werediscoveredinLuoyang,HenanProvince,___36___therewereafewtombsoftheTangDynasty,whenarailwaywasintheprocessofbeingconstructedin1899.Thepiecesofpotterywereeitherinyellow,greenandwhitecolors___37___inyellow,greenandbrowncolors.BecausetheywerefoundfromtombsoftheTangDynasty,theywerecalled“Tangtri-coloredglazedpottery”.TheproductionofglassypotteryinChina___38___(date)backtoancienttimes.Coloredglazewasusuallynotapplied___39___theheadofapotteryfigure.Afterthebasewasbaked,afewtouchesofChineseink___40___(paint)torepresenttheeyes,eyebrowsandbeard.Thefacialexpressionandinnerworldofasmallstatuewereportrayed(刻画)most___41___(vivid).Thereareagreat___42___(various)ofTangtri-coloredglazedpotterypieces.Withuniqueshapes,theyhadtherichflavoroflife,___43___(cover)almosteveryfieldofliferelatedtothedead,frommodelsofarchitecturetoplates,bowlsandfromsmallstatuesoftheheavenlykingswith___44___badtempertothoseofbeautifulnobleladies.Theyshowedthe___45___(color)sociallifeandthesplendidcultureoftheTangDynasty.五、书面表达假如你是中学生李华，上周一，你们班举行了一次地震知识演讲比赛，请你根据你所学的知识写一篇关于如何在地震中保护自身安全的演讲稿。内容要点如下：1.在教室时怎样做；2.在家时怎样更安全；3.在街上时，要注意什么。注意：1.词数80词左右；2.开头已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：balcony(阳台)WhattoDoDuringanEarthquake?Asweallknow,anearthquakeisakindofterribledisaster.Sowhatshouldwedowhenanearthquakecomes?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________六、读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ItwasonSeptember5th,mybirthday,thatweleftCambridgeandmovedaway.Wewenttotheseaside,toourholidayhouse,whichwasnowtobeourpermanenthome.Irememberthedaywascoldandgrey,infallingslowlybutconstantly.Myfatherdroveinsilence.NoonespokeandallwecouldhearwasthesoundofthetyresonthewetroadWhenwegottothesmallhousenearthesea,mymotherquietlystartedtounpackthefewthingswehadbroughtwithus.Carol,JulieandIwentdowntothebeach.Wesaidweweregoingtolookforcrabsintherockpoolsbutactually,wejustwantedtogetawayfromourfatherandhiscoldsilence.Weclimbedalongtherocksbythesideofthebeach.JulieandCarolbecameinterestedinsomeshellstheyfoundinoneofthepools.Iwanderedaway,lostinmyprivatethoughts.Itwasmybirthday,butnoonehadsaid“HappyBirthday”tome.Ihadnotreceivedanycardsorpresents.Iwalkeddowntotheseashore,wherethewaveswerebreakinglazilyagainstthemuddysand.Suddenly,Isawsomethinggreenstickingoutofthewater.Ilookedatitmorecarefully.Thegreenthingmovedcloserandclosertotheshore,andwhenitwasalmostnearenoughformetotouch,Irealizedwhatitwas.Itwasabottle.Iwentoverandpickeditup,allthetimelookingatit.Itseemedold,andhadnolabelonit.Then1realizedtherewassomethinginside.Slowly,Ipulledoutthewetcorkfromthetopofthebottle.Insidewasapieceofpaper.Withgreatcare,1tookoutthefoldedpaperandopenedit.Writtenonitwerethesewords:“Towhomsoeverfindsthisbottle,Ipromiseyouanewfriend.”注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Paragraph1Istaredatthepaperandthenlookedaround.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2AsIopenedmyeyes,Ifoundmyfatherstandingrightbesideme.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案【答案】1.B2.B3.A【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一个在线演讲的具体信息。1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Inthisonlinetalk,RobinDunbarwillexplainhowourbrainscreatefriendshipsforus.(在这个在线演讲中，罗宾·邓巴将解释我们的大脑如何为我们创造友谊)”可知，在线演讲的主要内容是友谊的形成。故选B。2.细节理解题。根据Aboutthespeaker部分的“Hehaspublished400sciencejournalarticles.Besides,hehascontributedtomanyradioandTVsciencedocumentaries,andhaswrittenadozenpopularsciencebooks.(他在科学期刊上发表了400篇文章。此外，他还为许多广播和电视科学纪录片做出了贡献，并撰写了十二本科普书籍)”可知，RobinDunbar已经取得的成就是他出版了十二本科普书。故选B。3.细节理解题。根据What’sincludedinyourticket部分的“Livelecturelasting60minutesincludingQ&AwithRobinDunbar(持续60分钟的现场讲座，包括与RobinDunbar的问答)”可知，提供给持票人60分钟的现场讲座。故选A。【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲了一场飓风哈维在德克萨斯州登陆，这场飓风引发了大范围的洪水，导致很多人无家可归，这样的灾难使得很多人团结起来，NFI玩家JJWatt建立了一个筹钱网站，普通人也积极参与帮助那些受灾的人。4.词义猜测题。灾难的发生是令人痛苦的，但是该句“disastersliketheseseemedtounitepeople.”讲的是灾难使很多人团结，这里表达的是灾难出现后好的一面，令人欣慰的一面，A.problem问题；B.opportunity机会；C.solution解决方法；D.comfort安慰，宽慰。故D选项正确。5.细节理解题。由文中第三段的“NFIplayerJJWattsetupawebsitewithagoaltoraise$200,000.Soonhehascollectedover$18million,andthedonationskeeppouringin.”可知，他本来打算筹集20万美元，结果没过多久数额就远远超过，而且捐献的钱数还在不断增长。所以说这场捐献是出乎意料的，Disappointed失望的；B.Confused迷惑的；C.Unexpected意外的，出乎意料的；D.Dissatisfied不满意。故C选项正确。6.细节理解题。由文中第四段的“JimMcIngvale,theownerofafurniturestore,turnedhistwo100,000-square-footwarehouseintoshelters.”可知，JimMcIngvale把仓库变成了避难所，也就是给灾民提供了住处。故B选项正确。7.推理判断题。本文主要讲了一场飓风哈维在德克萨斯州登陆，这场飓风引发了大范围的洪水，导致很多人无家可归，这样的灾难使得很多人团结起来，NFI玩家JJWatt建立了一个筹钱网站，普通人也积极参与帮助那些受灾的人，作者旨在赞扬那些无私奉献的人，他们无私奉献的精神，A.Determination决定；B.Selflessness自私；C.Honesty诚实；D.Bravery勇敢。故B选项正确。【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.D【解析】这篇文章告诉我们每个人生来就是可以成功的，可以富裕的，那么区别到底在哪呢？在于你是否能够让成功的种子发芽。想成功，我们到底应该怎么做。8.推理判断题。根据文章第三段的Peoplewithlowself-confidencearepeoplewhodonotbelievethattheyhaveanypower,orresponsibilityfortheirlives.Theyarealwaysvictims.Theyareleavestossed(摇摆)bythewindsofchanceblownaboutwithanysuddenchangeintheweather.可知不自信的人不相信自己有能力，也不相信自己能够为自己的生活做主。他们就像随风摇摆的落叶。故选择C，意为他们不能掌控自己。9.细节理解题。根据第四段的Failuresthinkthateverythinghappensbyaccidentandchance.可知，失败者总是认为事情的发生都是偶然的。故选择A，认为自己的失败只是由于时运不济。10.推理判断题。根据第五段的Weareresponsibleforsettingourexpectations.Oursuccessisdependentuponourlevelofconfidence可知，人们的思想和信念决定一切，走向成功需要对自己充满期望和自信。故选择B，意为我们的态度决定我们是否成功。11.主旨大意题。最后一段主要总结整篇文章的内容，即你对你的生活负责，要坚信这一点，这样你就会走向成功。故选择D，意为总结。【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.B【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了世界上哪一种语言最难学。12.推理判断题。根据第一段中“Peopleoftenaskwhichisthemostdifficultlanguagetolearn,anditisnoteasytoanswerbecausetherearetoomanyfactorstotakeintoconsideration.(人们经常会问，哪一种语言最难学，因为要考虑的因素太多了，所以不容易回答)”可推知，世界上有太多的语言，所以很难说哪一种语言最难学。故选D。13.细节理解题。根据第二段中“AnativespeakerofSpanish,forexample,willfindPortuguesemucheasiertolearnthananativespeakerofChinesebecausePortugueseisverysimilartoSpanish,whileChineseisverydifferent,sofirstlanguagecanaffectlearningasecondlanguage.(例如，以西班牙语为母语的人会发现比以汉语为母语的人更容易学习葡萄牙语，因为葡萄牙语与西班牙语非常相似，而汉语则截然不同，所以第一语言会影响第二语言的学习)”可知，以葡萄牙语为母语的人会觉得西班牙语更容易学，因为它也使用罗马字母。故选C。14.词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Teachersandthecircumstancesinwhichthelanguageislearnedalsoplayanimportantrole,aswellaseachlearner’smotivationforlearning.Ifpeoplelearnalanguagebecausetheyneedtouseitprofessionally,theyoftenlearnitfasterthanpeoplestudyingalanguagethathasnodirectuseintheirdaytodaylife.(教师和学习语言的circumstances以及每个学习者的学习动机也发挥着重要作用。如果人们学习一门语言是因为他们需要专业地使用它，他们通常比学习一门在日常生活中没有直接使用的语言更快)”可知，老师和学习环境，还有每个学者的学习动机，在学语言中也扮演着重要作用。故画线词意思是“一个特别的境况和环境”。故选A。15.推理判断题。根据第四段中“Obviously,BritishdiplomatsandotherembassystaffhavefoundthatthesecondhardestlanguageisJapanese,whichwillprobablycomeasnosurprisetomany,butthelanguagethattheyhavefoundtobethemostproblematicisHungarian,whichusesasimilaralphabettoEnglishbuthas35cases(formsofanounsaccordingtowhetheritissubject,object,genitive,etc).ThisdoesnotmeanthatHungarianisthehardestlanguagetolearnforeveryone,butitcausesBritishdiplomaticpersonnel,whoaregenerallyusedtolearninglanguages,themostdifficulty.(显然，英国外交官和其他大使馆工作人员发现，第二难的语言是日语，这对许多人来说可能并不奇怪，但他们发现问题最多的语言是匈牙利语，它使用与英语相似的字母表，但有35个格（名词的形式取决于它是主语、宾语、属格等）。这并不是说匈牙利语对每个人来说都是最难学的语言，但它让一般习惯学习语言的英国外交人员最困难)”可推知，不是匈牙利语的书写体系而是它的语法复杂性给本地英国学者带来麻烦。故选B。【答案】16.A17.D18.C19.G20.F【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了发生森林火灾时，消防队员的任务分工以及如何切断火线灭火。16.根据上文“Forestfiresburnthousandsofacresoflandeachyear.Theydestroyanimalandhumanhomes,killingmanycreaturesintheirpath”（森林火灾每年烧毁数千英亩的土地。它们摧毁了动物和人类的家园，杀死了沿途的许多生物）说明森林火灾的坏处，以及下文“Theymakeforestshealthierbyclearingoutdeadwood,makingroomfornewtrees.Theheatofafireisneededbysomeseedsbeforetheycanbegintogrow”（它们清除枯木，为新树腾出空间，使森林更加健康。一些种子在开始生长之前需要火的热量）介绍的森林火灾的好处，可知空格处应起到承上启下的作用，A选项“Butsomeforestfiresalsodogood.”（但是一些森林火灾也有好处）引出下文森林火灾的好处。故选A。17.根据下文“Firefightersrelyonteamwork.Thisgroupoffirefighters,knownasahandcrew,willworktogetherwithabulldozer(推土机)andahelicopter.Thecrewhikeintothewoodstocutafireline.”（消防员依靠团队合作。这组消防员，被称为徒手队员，他们将与推土机和直升机一起工作。机组人员徒步进入树林切断一条火线。）可知，本段主要介绍森林消防员的工作机制。D选项“Let’sseewhatitmeanstobeaforestfirefighter.”（让我们看看当森林消防员意味着什么）符合本段的主题，并且firefighters是原词复现。故选D。18.根据本段第二句“Usingchainsaws,thefirsttwocrewmemberscutthebigwoodoutofthepath.”（第一批两名工作人员用链锯从小路上锯下一大块木头）及第四句“Thenextfirefightersinlinebreakupthegroundandhackattheremainingplants.”（接下来排队的消防队员负责破土并砍掉剩下的植物。）可知，本段介绍森林消防员具体的工作场景，他们是排队进行工作的。C选项“Thehandcrewworkinalongline.”（徒手工作人员排着长队工作）符合语境。故选C。19.根据第二段“Thecrewhikeintothewoodstocutafireline.”（机组人员徒步进入树林切断一条火线。）及本段“Usingchainsaws,thefirsttwocrewmemberscutthebigwoodoutofthepath..Nextcometwoswampers,whoclearawaythewood.Thenextfirefightersinlinebreakupthegroundandhackattheremainingplants.Lastcomefirefighterswithshovelsandotherhandtools.”（第一批两名工作人员用链锯从小路上锯下一大块木头。接下来是两个帮工，他们清理木头。接下来排队的消防队员负责破土并砍掉剩下的植物。最后的消防队员，他们用铲子和其他手动工具）可知，本段详细介绍了徒手队员小组中每一个团队成员的分工任务，并且他们的总任务是切断火线。G选项“Aseachfirefightertakesaswingattheground,thefirelinegetsbetter.”（当每个消防员在地面上挥杆时，火线变得更好）符合前后介绍清理出一条火线的语境。故选G。20.根据下文“Ahugerubberbucketiscarriedbeneaththehelicopter.Withtheflickofaswitch,thepilotreleasesthebottomofthebucket,andwaterpourstotheground.”（一个巨大的橡胶桶被放在直升机下面。随着一个开关的轻弹，飞行员释放桶的底部，水就会倾泻到地面）可知，飞行员所在机组在森林火灾中也承担一定的任务。F选项“Ifthefirethreatenstojumptheline,thecrewcallinthehelicopter.”（如果火势有可能越过警戒线，机组人员将呼叫直升机）指出火势越过警戒线时直升机将起作用，符合前后的语境，且thehelicopter是原词复现。故选F。【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.B25.D26.C27.D28.B29.A30.B31.A32.D33.C34.A35.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了BenDelahunty在徒步旅行过程中被卡在一块大石头下以及被拯救的过程。21.考查动词词义辨析。句意：周一上午9点半左右，28岁的本·德拉汉蒂(BenDelahunty)的徒步伙伴打电话报告说，他的朋友被困在华盛顿维维安湖地区的一块大石头下。A.trapped卡住；B.discovered发现；C.hurt受伤；D.murdered谋杀。根据“Hesaidhisfriend’swristwasstuckbythestone”可知，本·德拉汉蒂(BenDelahunty)被困在一块大石头下。故选A。22.考查介词词义辨析。句意：他说，他朋友的手腕被石头卡住了，石头也夹在他的腿上，但他们无法立即移动巨石，因为它大约有冰箱那么大。A.underneath在……下面；B.beyond超出；C.across穿过；D.behind在……后面。根据“heendedupunderneathit”可知，石头也夹在他的腿上。故选C。23.考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A.completely完全地；B.approximately大约；C.exactly准确地；D.merely仅仅。根据“thesizeofarefrigerator.”可知，巨石大约有冰箱那么大。故选B。24.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们一开始觉得在大石头上很稳定，但突然石头开始滑动，他被压在了石头下面。A.natural自然的；B.stable稳定的；C.dangerous危险的；D.comfortable舒服的。根据“butallofasuddenitstartedto______andheendedupunderneathit.”可知，他们一开始觉得在大石头上很稳定。故选B。25.考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.disappear消失；B.float漂浮；C.crash撞击；D.slide滑动。根据“Theyinitiallyfeltreally______onthelargestone-but”可知，刚开始觉得石头稳定，突然石头开始滑动。故选D。26.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，营救对救援人员来说是艰难的。A.stubborn顽固的；B.regular有规律的；C.tough艰难的；D.impossible不可能的。根据“Theywerenearlyonacliff(悬)sideandthestonewasalsobeingheldinplacebyatree.”可知，营救难度很大。故选C。27.考查名词词义辨析。句意：现场面临着一个独特的挑战，即及时获得能够移动石头的设备和现场救援人员。A.wind风；B.rope绳索；C.partner伙伴；D.equipment装备，设备。根据“capableofmovingthestone”和“TheStateEmergencyManagementrequestedahelicoptertohelp.”可知，需要及时获得能够移动石头的设备。故选D。28.考查介词短语辨析。句