焦化企业高盐反渗透浓水处理技术研究进展

焦化企业高盐反渗透浓水处理技术研究进展

reysoffinsitymoli3.3.31坚持1。2ThecompositionsofROCfrompetroleumrefinerywastewater3OrganicmatterremovalinROCfrompetroleumrefinerywastewater3.1Physicochemicalmethod3.2Advancedoxidationprocesses(AOPs)4RecoveryofsaltsinROCsfrompetroleumrefinerywastewater1rotectrex和双重标准最优设计[.......4和...4和....4.3.4和..............4和........4.3.4和......3.4和.................3.Petroleumrefinerywastewater(PRW)isoneofthelargestwastewatergeneratedinthemanufacturingoperations.Thewastewatertypicallycontainshighlevelsoftotaldissolvedsolids(TDS)andtotalorganiccompounds(TOC),andmanykindsofsolubleorganiccompounds,mostofwhicharenon-biodegradableForthemethodsofPRWtreatment,awell-knowncombinedprocessofpre-treatment+double-membrane(microfiltration(MF)/ultrafiltration(UF)-reverseosmosis(RO))iswidelyusedThepre-treatmentprocessisemployedtoprotectthedouble-membranesystemsfromsuspendedsubstancesandorganiccompoundsinthecombinedprocess.Thetechnologies,suchasbiologicalaeratedfilter(BAF)Forthedouble-membranesysteminthecombinedprocess,MF/UFcanbeaneconomicaloptionforROpre-treatmenttoremovemostofthepotentialelementsleadingtomembranes’foulingsuchasturbidity,particulates,totalSS(TSS),bacteria,viruses,andotherorganicmatterswithlargemolecularweight.Apilot-scalehybridmembranesystemwasutilizedtodecreaseharmfulanddamagingcomponentsinPRWfromTehranRefineryForROprocessinthedouble-membranetechnology,about70～80wt%oftheincomingeffluentcanbereclaimedandusedasthehigh-qualityfeedwaterforsteamproduction/coolingwatermakeup.TherefinerywastewaterreusesystemofSinopecYanshanPlantinChinacomposedofbiologicaltreatmentandmediafiltrationwithacombinationofUFandROhasbeeninoperationThehugeamountofROC,ifdischargeddirectly,maypotentiallycausenotonlyhumanandecologicalhealthproblems,butalsoaconsiderablelossofwaterresources.Toimplementthemaximumwaterrecoveryandavoidliquideffluentdisposal,anevaporationcrystallizationmethodhasbeenemployedtodirectlyreconcentratetheROCstocrystallizesaltsinsolar/thermalevaporators.ShenhuaGroupCompanyinChinaWiththefurtherupgradingofnationalemissionstandardforROC,wastewatertreatmentplantsarefacingnewchallengestofollowtighterwastewateremissionlimits.Forexample,theconcentrationsofCODTreatmenttechnologiesputforwardbytheresearchersforthetreatmentofROCaremainlyclassifiedintotwocategories:onefortheremovaloforganiccompoundandanotherfortherecoveryofsalts.Thisreviewwasmainlydedicatedtotherecentdevelopmentinthesetechnologies.ThecompositionsofROCsfrompetroleumrefinerywastewaterswereanalyzedasbasisfirstly.Organicmatterremovalmethods,suchasphysicochemicalmethod,advancedoxidationmethod,andbiochemicalmethodwereelaboratedindetail.Amongtheadvancedoxidationmethods,themechanisms,advantagesanddisadvantagesofozonation,Fenton,electrochemicaloxidation,photocatalyticoxidation,andozonationbasedcombinationprocesseswerehighlighted,respectively.Therecoveryofsaltswasalsodiscussedfinally.2“ra补偿”可显著水平ToeliminatetheproblemsassociatedwiththecompositionsofROC,treatmenttechnologiesmustbeadaptedtothesourceofROC.ThecharacteristicsofROCfromtheROunitsofwastewatertreatmentplantindifferentpetroleumrefinerycompanieswerelistedinTable1.TherangesofpHvalues,BODTherefore,itisofgreatsignificancetodeterminethecompositionsoforganiccompoundinROCsforthedevelopmentofappropriatewastewaterrecyclingtechniquesandtheevaluationofthepotentialenvironmentriskofwastewatereffluents.Generally,theorganiccompoundsinROCscouldbedividedintotwoparts:(1)onepartfromtherefineryprocesses,suchaselectricdesalting,whichgeneratestheoilcontainingwastewatersThecurrentemissionstandardofCOD3fig.1安氏县的号录pohigatsThemethodsoforganiccontaminantsremovalinROCfrompetroleumrefinerywastewatermainlyincludesphysicochemicalmethod,advancedoxidationprocesses,andbiochemicalmethod.Fig.1showstheapplicabilityofwatertreatmenttechnologiesbasedontheamountoforganicload3.1uminum.as和苏氏ualgaciening,siph,性别,uminum.specinci供给忽视了“alkarenity,stinciens”的stengainci供给忽视了“sludges”的stinciening.ugesogulation,双侧脑胶结构再配体的stinciening.six.sinrex,sch3.sinrex,sch-sinrex,sch-sinrex,sch-sinrex,sch-sinrex,sch..............................................5.5.ThephysicochemicaltreatmentusedtotreatROCsfromPRWcomprisesneutralizationandcoagulation,forpHcorrectionandeliminationofsuspendedanddissolvedcontaminants.Thecommonlycoagulantsusedforwastewatertreatmentareinorganicsaltsofironandaluminum.Asofnow,coagulationmechanismsarestillunclearbecauseitcanbeaffectedbyseveralfactors,suchasthecompositionandconcentrationofimpurities,temperature,pH,alkalinity,typeanddosageofcoagulant,mixingconditions,aswellasionicstrengthCoagulationprocessiswellknowntoremovetheorganichigh-molecular-weightcompoundsInROCsfromPRW,mostoforganiccompoundsarelowmolecularweightandhavethepoorbiodegradability.Thecoagulationprocessshowedalowremovalefficiencyoforganicmatterswithlowermolecularweight.Furthermore,theadditionofcoagulantsgeneratedalargequantityofsludgesandincreasedthesalinityofeffluentsduetotheintroductionofsalts.Alloftheseledtothecomplexityofsubsequenttreatmentsofeffluentsandsludges.3.2elicaciensonation,elicasin-维护岩脑树人主体资格的要求,非价值的oxidationmolecunityelicasilicityAtreatmentprocessforROCsfromPRWwasneededtopromotebiodegradabilityandmeettheemissionstandardsofapetroleumrefineryplant.AOPsinvolvingvarioustypesofoxidants,suchasfluorine(F·OHwiththehighoxidationpotentialisanextraordinarilyreactivechemicalspecies,andcannonselectivelyoxidizealmostallelectron-richorganicmoleculesbecauseofitselectrophilicnature.Itattacksorganiccompoundsbyabstractingahydrogenatomorbyaddingtothedoublebonds.Alsoitcancarryoutthemineralizationoforganiccompoundsbytransformationintomoreoxidizedintermediates,COwhereRreferstotheorganiccompounds.Inrecentyears,AOPsareattractingalotofattentionsduetothefactthatdegradationofvariousorganicsbygenerationofalargenumberofhighlyreactivefreeradicalssurpassestheconventionaloxidantsinefficiency.Severaladvancedoxidationtreatmentmethods,suchasozonation,Fenton,electrochemicaloxidation,photocatalyticoxidation,andozonationbasedcombinationprocesses,showedgoodperformanceforremovingtheorganiccontaminantsinROCsfrompetroleumrefinerywastewaters3.2.1通过转色系统求取意cided,并把自己covized-recti-tkiciqchicwhich-alga-rectizadoxidized和oxichichichichichSingleOAsofthedirectlyreactiveprocess,organiccontaminantsaredirectlyoxidizedbyanOAsoftheindirectlyreactiveprocess,theorganiccontaminantinthewastewatercanbeoxidizedunderalkalineconditionsbytheradicalswhichareproducedbythedecompositionofozoneZhuetal.3.2.2fenton与恢复TheFentonmethodisoneofthemostpopularchemicalAOPsandhasalsobeensuccessfullyusedtodegradeorganiccompoundsfromwastewaterinthepastdecadebeconvertedintoFe(OH)Zhangetal.However,theconventionalFentonprocessforthetreatmentofROCshasnotbeenwidelystudiedduetothehighcostandeasydecompositionofrawmaterial,complextransportandstorageprocessesofHComparedtotheconventionalFentonprocess,theelectro-Fentonmethodseemstobemoreattractiveowingtoitshighmineralizationeffectiveness.Theelectro-FentonprocessisanindirectelectrochemicalprocessduetotheFentonreagentpartiallyorcompletelyproducedfromelectrodereactions.Generally,HInaddition,asmallamountofClItisclearfromtheaboveequationsthatefficiencyofEFtechnologydependsmainlyonthefactors,suchasthequantitiesofHTheconventionalFentonprocesscanbeimprovedbytheassistanceofUV-light.InthepresenceofshortUVlight(180～290nm),photo-Fentonisahighlyefficienthomogeneousoxidationasaconsequenceofthehigherquantumyields,whichinvolvesthecatalyticbreakdownofHGuoetal.Basedontheabove,itwasobviousthattheremovalefficienciesoforganiccompoundstheEFprocessandthePFprocessweresuperiortothatoftheconventionalFentonprocess.AsoftheEFprocess,tofurtherincreasecurrentdensityanddecreasetheenergyconsumption,thestructureofelectrolysiscellstillneedstobeoptimized,aswellashighlyefficientandlowcostelectrodesshouldbedeveloped.Furthermore,theEFprocessandthePFprocessmightbecombinedtofurtherimprovetheremovalefficiencyoforganiccompoundsinROCfromPRW3.2.3nctorliumsp.ElectrochemicaloxidationtechnologyhasbeenattractinggreatattentionfortreatmentoftheROCobtainedfrompetrochemicalwastewaterduetoitsmanydistinctiveadvantages,suchasversatility,highenergyefficiency,safety,efficientcontrolofreactionconditions,amenabilityofautomation,nochemicalrequirements,andenvironmentalcompatibilitySeveralelectrodematerials,suchasboron-dopeddiamondonsiliconsubstrate(Si/BDD),BDDonniobiumsubstrate(Nb/BDD),leaddioxideontantalumsubstrate(Ta/PbOInaddition,mixedmetaloxidecoatedelectrodehasbeenusedforthetreatmentoforganicpetroleumwastewaterinrecentyears.Lietal.Fortheelectrochemicaloxidationtechnology,insitugeneratedactivechlorinespeciescaneffectivelyoxidizeorganicpollutantsandachievetheremovalofcolor,butthepossibleformationofchlorinatedbyproductscouldleadtoanincreaseintoxicityleveloftheeffluent.Theremovalofhalideions,particularlychloride,aheadofelectrooxidationmayavoidtheseissues.Otherstrategies,suchasactivecarbon(AC)treatment,continuousoperationandshortresidencetime,andoversaturationofthesolutionbychlorinewerealsoproposedforminimizingtheformationofchlorinatedorganiccompoundsorincreasingthedegradationrateofchlorinatedintermediates.3.2.4entit之特征Inrecentyear,thephotocatalyticoxidationtechnologyhasbeenconsideredasanefficientandeconomicalmethodtoremovetheorganiccontaminantsinwastewaterduetoitsadvantages,suchasnon-toxic,nonselectiveoxidizingabroadrangeoforganiccompounds,non-corrosive,on-placeuse,noextraenergyconsumption,andharmlesstotheenvironmentItisclearfromFig.3thatthefundamentalstepoftheprocessisgenerationofelectron-holepairswhichhaveahighredoxabilitytodegradeorganiccontaminants.First,TiOSomeresearchersappliedthephotocatalyticoxidationtechnologywithTiOToovercometherestrictionsontheTiOInaddition,tofurtherimprovetheCODForthephotocatalyticoxidationtechnology,theseparationandrecyclingofsuspendedcatalystparticlesmightbeaninconvenient,time-consuming,andexpensiveprocessThecombinationprocessesofozonationwithothertechnologies,suchasOOFuetal.OZhangOApplicationofheterogeneouscatalyticozonationsystemrequirestodevelophighlyefficientcatalystswithcharacteristicsofbalancedsupportandcatalyticOBasedontheabove,photocatalyticozonationcouldbeaneffectivealternativewayforoxidationandeliminationoforganicpollutantsunderspecificconditionsfortreatingindustrialwastewater.Corrêaetal.OTocontroltheenvironmentalpollutionfromtherefinerywastewater,Xieetal.3.3非生物活性的产品Thebiologicaltreatmentistheconventionalactivatedsludgeprocessfortheremovalofbiodegradableorganics.However,mostoftheorganiccompoundsinROCsfrompetroleumrefinerywastewaterarebio-refractory.Therefore,beforebiochemicalprocess,someotheradvancedoxidationprocesses,suchasbiologicalactivatedcarbonadsorption,ozonation,andOForthebiochemicalprocess,thesaltconcentrationofROCsshowedanimportanteffectontheremovalefficiencyoforganiccontaminantsinpetroleumrefinerywastewaterTobreakthroughtheselimitationsofthebiochemicalmethod,someworkshavebeendonetoimprovethetreatmenteffectofpetroleumrefinerywastewater,suchasthedomesticationandcultivationofhalophilicmicroorganisms,andthedevelopmentofmembranebio-reactor(MBR).TheROCproducedbyapetroleumrefineryplantinHarbin,China,wastreatedbyMBR4cieningRecoveryandcommercializationofsaltsinROCsfrompetroleumrefinerywastewatersistheultimatechallengetoimprovethemanagementofROCs.ThecomponentsofsaltsinROCsfrompetroleumrefinerywastewatersweremainlysodiumchloride,sodiumsulfate,etc.IfthesesubstancescanberecoveredfromROCs,theenvironmentalimpactofROCsdisposalwillbegreatlyreduced,theeconomyofthetotaltreatmentprocesstobeimproved,andthemaximumwaterrecovery,namelyzeroliquiddischarge,tobeachieved.Unfortunately,asofnow,onlythemixturescontainingorganicandinorganiccompoundsintheROCsfrompetroleumrefinerywastewatersareobtainedbytheevaporation-crystallizationprocess,andthendisposedinalandfill.Liuetal.Multi-effectdistillationtechnology,inwhichtheevaporationandthecondensationisinthenegativepressure,showedagoodindustrializationfutureduetoitslowenergyconsumption,lowriskofscalingonthesurfaceofpipe,highthermalefficiency,andeffectiveutilizationoflow-qualityenergysourcessuchasdischargedsmokeheat,coolingwater,andsolarenergyTheultimateobjectiveofROCsfromPRWmustbethezerodischargeofliquidandrecoveryofsaltcompoundsfromROCsofPRW.Zeroliquiddisc