高中英语必修一unit1知识点

Unit1Friendship教材面面观单词拓展1.________n．连续；系列2．________vt.使不安；使心烦adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的3．________vt.不理睬；忽视________n．________adj.4．________vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到n．担心；关注5．________vt.&vi.(使)安家；停留；安排；解决________n.6．________vt.&vi.痊愈；康复；重新获得________n.7．________vt.&vi.捆扎；包装；打行李n．小包；包裹8．________vi.不同意________n.opp.________vt.&vi.9．________vt.&n．不喜欢；厌恶10．________vt.倾斜；倒翻n．提示；技巧；尖端；小费11．________adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的vt.&vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定________n.12．________adj.松的；松开的________adv.13．________adj.整个的；完全的；全部的________adv.14．________adj.感激的；表示谢意的15．________adv.确实如此；正是；确切地________adj.短语回顾1.add________合计2．________down(使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来3．beconcerned________关心；挂念4．go________经历；经受5．set________放下；记下；登记6．a________of一连串的；一系列；一套7．________purpose故意8．________dusk在黄昏时刻9．________/not...anylonger不再10．get/betired________对……厌烦11．________alongwith与……相处；进展12．hide________躲藏；隐藏13．suffer________遭受；患病14．pack(sth.)________将(东西)装箱打包15．________inlovewithsb.与……相爱句型背诵1.________________________________，youwerecarelessanditgotloose.当你在遛狗时不小心让狗松脱了。2．Iwonderif________________Ihaven'tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolong________I'vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。3．That'schanged________________________________.自从我来到这里，这一切都变了。4．Itwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthat________________________________________________________.这是一年半以来我第一次目睹夜晚。5．Youwilltellhim/her________he/she________________________...你会告诉他/她本应该学习……6．Motheraskedherif/whethershewasveryhot________somanyclothes________.妈妈问她穿这么多衣服是不是很热。自我诊断单词拓展1．series2.upset3.ignore，ignorance，ignorant4.concern5．settle，settlement6.recover，recovery7.pack8．disagree，disagreement，agree9.dislike10.tip11.calm，calmness12.loose，loosely13.entire，entirely14.grateful15．exactly，exact短语回顾1．up2.calm3.about4.through5.down6.series7．on8.at9.nolonger10.of11.get12.away13．from14.up15.fall句型背诵1．Whilewalkingthedog2．it'sbecause;that3．sinceIwashere4．I'dseenthenightfacetoface5．that;shouldhavestudied6．with;on考点串串讲重点单词1.ignorevt.不理睬，忽视Hecompletelyignoredallthesefactsasthoughtheyneverexisted.他完全无视这一切，好像它们根本不存在似的。Shesawhimcomingbutsheignoredhim.她看见他走过来，但装作没看到他。Nevershouldweignoretrafficregulations.我们任何时候都不应忽视交通规则。●用法拓展ignorancen．无知，不知ignorantadj.无知的，愚昧的ignorantlyadv.无知地，愚昧地beignorantabout/of对……不了解，无知的●易混辨析ignorant，illiterate，uneducated与unlearnedignorant指“缺乏一般知识的”或“缺乏某科学识的”。如：He'snotstupid，merelyignorant.他并不愚蠢，只是无知。illiterate指“文盲的，不能读或写的”。如：Therearestillmanyilliteratepeopleinourcountry.在我国还有许多文盲。uneducated指“未受过正规系统教育的”。如：Hewasuneducated.他未受过正规教育。unlearned指“无学问的，无文化的”。如：Hewasnotunlearnedinhistory.他对历史并非无知。即境活用翻译句子①她没理他，继续干她的活。________________________________________________________________________②他对现代科技一无所知。________________________________________________________________________答案：①Sheignoredhimandcarriedonwithherwork.②He'scompletelyignorantaboutmoderntechnology.2．concernn．关心，关切的事；担忧v．涉及，与……有关，影响；使关心，使担心HowmuchmoneyIearnisnoneofyourconcern.我挣多少钱与你无关。Theseproblemsconcernallofthem.这些问题影响到他们每一个人。Sheconcernsherselfwithsocialwelfare.她从事社会福利工作。●用法拓展beconcernedabout/for＝concernoneselfabout/for关心；挂念；为……担心beconcernedwith/in与……有关；涉及；参与so/asfaras...beconcerned就……而言showconcernforsb.aboutsth.对某人某事表示关心concerningprep.关于；就……而言Pleasedon'tbeconcernedaboutme.请不要为我担心。Morethanonepersonhasbeenconcernedinthis.不止一个人与这件事有牵连。Sofarashe'sconcerned，nothingisasimportantashisdaughter.对他来说，什么也比不上他女儿重要。Peopleareusingtheirheads，thinkingproblemsoverandshowingconcernforthestateandtheParty.人们动脑筋，想问题，关心国家，关心党。Heaskedseveralquestionsconcerningthefutureofthecompany.他问了几个关于公司未来的问题。即境活用单项填空①Themeetingwasconcerned________reformsandeveryonepresentwasconcerned________theirowninterests.A．with；forB．with；withC．for；aboutD．about；with②Whatseemstobereasonableaccordingtothereport________drinkingwater?A．concernB．concernedC．concerningD．toconcern答案：①A②C3．calmadj.(天气、海洋等)静的，平静的，镇静的，沉着的v．(使)平静，(使)镇定，平息Themothercalmedherchild.母亲使孩子安静下来。Thecryingchildsooncalmeddown.哭闹的小孩不大一会就安静下来。Afterthestormitwascalm.暴风雨过后风平浪静。●用法拓展Keepcalm！安静！保持镇静！calmdown使平息，使平静即境活用翻译句子①他深吸了几口气，以使自己镇静下来。________________________________________________________________________②照相时，要保持不动。________________________________________________________________________③课堂上，对老师的问题不应保持沉默。________________________________________________________________________答案：①Hetookafewdeepbreathstocalmhimselfdown.②Whentakenphotosof，oneshouldkeepstill.③Inclass，oneshouldn'tkeepsilentabouttheteacher'squestions.4．suffervt.&vi.经历或遭受(不愉快之事)；受苦；吃苦头；变坏；变糟Thecompanysufferedhugelossesinthelastfinancialcrisis.这家公司在上次金融危机中损失惨重。ImadearashdecisionandnowIamsufferingfromit.我作决定太仓促，现在可吃到苦头了。Herschoolworkissufferingbecauseoffamilyproblems.由于家庭问题，她的功课变糟了。●易混辨析suffer与sufferfrom①suffer用作及物动词时，表示“遭受，蒙受，受到”，其宾语一般是loss(损失)，pain(痛苦)，punishment(处罚)，defeat(失败)，hardship(苦难)，injustice(不公正)，grief(悲伤)，disappointment(失望)，wrong(委屈)等。②sufferfrom表示“为……所苦，因……而吃苦头”，还可表示“患……病”。Shesufferedthelossofherstudents'respect.她失去了学生对她的尊重。Ourbusinesshassufferedfromlackofinvestment.我们的企业因缺乏投资而受苦。Mrs.White'slittleboyissufferingfromabadfluagain.怀特太太的小孩又患了严重的感冒。即境活用单项填空Theships________terriblelossduringthisseabattle.A．sufferedinB．sufferedalotC．sufferedD．weresuffered答案：C5．addvt.&vi.增加；增添；补充说●用法拓展addupsth./addsth.up把……加起来，up为副词，宾语若为代词应置于中间。addupto(＝cometo,total)加起来总和是，总共有，不用于被动语态，后常跟表示数字的词作宾语。addto(＝increase)增加；增添add...to...把……加到(进)……里addthat补充说……①Thefireisgoingout;willyouaddsomewood?火快熄了，请你加些木柴好吗？②“Don'tbelate，”sheadded.“别迟到，”她补充说。③AddupallthemoneyIoweyou,please.请把我欠你的钱全部加起来。④Thenumbersadduptoexactly100.这些数字的总数恰好是100。⑤Fireworksaddedtotheattractionofthefestivalnight.焰火使节日的夜晚生色。⑥ShallIaddyournametothelist?我可以把你的名字加入名单吗？⑦Theprofessortoldustomakenotesofkeypoints,addingthattheywouldbeincludedintheexaminationpapers.教授告诉我们要记下要点，并且补充说这些要点会在考卷中涉及。即境活用单项填空Thewoodsandthenewlydugriverthroughthecampus________thebeautyofthisworld­knownuniversity.A．addupB．addtoC．areaddedupD．areaddedto答案：B6．powern．能力；力量；权力●用法拓展beinpower执政；掌权cometopower上台；执政take/seizepower掌握政权losepower丧失政权underone'sownpower凭借自身的力量havethepowertodosth.具有做某事的能力beyond/outofone'spower力所不能及；超出某人的能力①Theaimistogivepeoplemorepowerovertheirownlives.目标是让人们更能主宰自己的生命。②Thepartycametopoweratthelastelection.这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政的。③Sheistheonewhohasthepowertohireorfirepeople.她有权力雇用或辞退人员。④Aftertheaccidentshelostthepowerofspeech.事故之后，她丧失了语言能力。●易混辨析power,strength,force与energypower主要指做事所依靠的能力、功能，也可指人或机器等事物潜在的或发挥出来的力量，还可以指职权或政权。strength指固有的潜力。说人时，指“力气”；说物时，指“强度”。force主要指自然界的力量；暴力、势力以及法律、道德或感情的力量；军事力量等。energy主要指人的精力或自然界中的能量。①Hehasthepowertomakethingsveryunpleasantforus.他掌握着我们的命运，可以把我们搞得狼狈不堪。②Awashingmachineisasaveroftimeandstrength.洗衣机省时又省力。③Theforceoftheexplosionbrokeallthewindows.爆炸力把所有窗子都震碎了。④You'llneedtoapplyallyourenergytothisjob.你需要把全部精力投入到这项工作中去。即境活用单项填空Electricity,likeotherformsof________，hasgreatlyincreasedinprice.A．strengthB．forceC．powerD．energy答案：D7．upsetvt.使不安adj.心烦意乱的●用法拓展Itupsetssb.that...使人心烦的是……(it形式主语)Itupsetssb.todosth.做某事使某人心烦(it形式主语)beupsetaboutsth.(对某事)失望；沮丧；难过①Shewasupsetthathehadleftwithoutsayinggoodbye.他的不辞而别让她感到心烦。②Thisdecisionislikelytoupsetalotofpeople.这项决定很可能会使很多人悻然不快。③Itupsethimthatnobodyhadbotheredtotellhimaboutit.让他不高兴的是，谁也没把这件事告诉他。④Itupsetmetothinkofherallaloneinthatbighouse.想到她孤身一人守着那所大房子我就不舒服。⑤Thereisnopointgettingupsetaboutit.犯不着为此事难过。即境活用单项填空Becausehedidn'tfinishtheworkontimeandwasfiredbythecompany,hewasvery________aboutit.A．upsetB．surprisedC．curiousD．upsetting答案：A8．settlev．安家，使定居，安排，解决ShehassettledherfamilyinShanghai.她已在上海定居。Hesettleddownasafarmerwithafamily.他与一家人安顿下来务农。Hesettledthedifficultproblem.他解决了这个大难题。●用法拓展settlein(迁入新居、更换工作后)安顿下来；使习惯，使适应settletodosth.决定去做某事settledown平静下来；定居；成家settle(oneself)downtowork安下心来工作settleup结清，付清(欠账)即境活用翻译句子①Waituntiltheexcitementhassettleddown.________________________________________________________________________②Willyousettleforallofus?________________________________________________________________________③Thatsettlesit!________________________________________________________________________答案：①等到兴奋的情绪镇静下来再说。②你会为我们大家付账吗？③[口]事情就这样定了！(这就完了！)重点短语1.gothroughv．仔细检查，经历，经受，用完，被通过，参加，搜查，履行Let'sgothroughtheargumentsagain.咱们再详细研究一下这些论据吧。Shehasgonethroughallhersavings.她已花光了所有积蓄。●用法拓展goalong(withsb.)向前进，一起去goby消失；经过gooff爆炸，经历爆破goon发生；恰巧发生goout灭掉，熄灭；出门，外出；过时goover越过……；复习goinfor参加，从事；对……感兴趣gowithout没有……也忍受过去即境活用翻译句子①Ididn'tknow________(发生了什么事)．②Arumor________(传遍)thetown.③Idon't________(喜欢)rockandroll.It'smuchtoonoisyformytaste.答案：①whatwasgoingon②wentthrough③goinfor2．joinin参加，加入Ourteacheroftenjoinsusinsinginganddancing.老师经常与我们一起唱歌跳舞。●易混辨析join，joinin，takepartin与attendjoin＝becomeamemberof加入某一组织，并成为其中一员。例如：Hejoinedthearmy/League/Party/club/Students'Union.他参军/入团/入党/参加俱乐部/加入学生会。joinin＋activities或joinsb.in＋activities与……一起参加某项活动。例如：Comeandjoinusinthediscussion.来参加我们的讨论吧。takepartin参加某项活动。它和join都有“参加”的意思，但takepartin强调参与性，而且强调在活动中起一定作用，并负有责任。例如：Tensofthousandsofworkerstookpartinthestrike/revolutionarymovement/fighting.成千上万的工人参加了罢工/革命运动/战斗。attend是表示“参加”的正式用语，其后可跟meeting/conference/school/lecture/church/wedding等。例如：Iamveryhappytoreceivetheinvitationtoattendtheinternationalconference.我很高兴收到参加这一国际会议的请柬。即境活用完成句子①Chinahas________(加入)theWTO.②He________(积极参加)manyschoolactivities.③Hedidn't________(没上学)yesterday.答案：①joined②tookanactivepartin③attendschool3．havegotto不得不，必须●用法拓展havegotto＝haveto不得不，必须must一定，必须●特别提醒havegotto是haveto的口语形式；must强调主观看法；haveto指客观需要。havegotto的否定式为haven'tgotto，haveto的否定式为don'thaveto。变为疑问句时，前者have提前，后者借助于助动词do。表一次性动作时，两者可互换。但表示习惯性动作，尤其是句中含有always，often，sometimes等频率副词时，则使用haveto。即境活用单项填空You________showyourpassport.A．havetoB．mustC．needD．can答案：A句意为：你必须出示你的护照。此处表示一种客观需要，用haveto。4．setdown放下；记下；登记●用法拓展setaside留名，拨出(时间、金钱等)；把……置于一旁setabout(doing)sth.着手(干)某事setouttodosth.开始干某事setoff动身，出发；引发；引爆setout动身，出发；陈述；着手(todosth.)setto(sth.)开始认真着手干某事setup竖起，创设，开办，建立besetin以……为背景putdown放下；记下writedown记下notedown记下getdown记下即境活用单项填空①Havingmadethedecision,we________toperformtheexperiment.A．setaboutB．setoutC．settoD．setoff②EinsteinlikedBose'spapersomuchthathe________hisownworkandtranslateditintoGerman.A．gaveoffB．turneddownC．tookoverD．setaside③________theinterestsofallhisemployees,hedecidedtogoonwithhisso­calledreform.A．SettingoffB．SettingbackC．SettingoutD．Settingaside答案：①B②D③D5．aseriesof一连串的；一系列；一套●用法拓展aseriesofaccidents一连串的事故aseriesofstamps一套邮票theWorldSeries世界联赛aTV/radioseries电视/广播系列节目Theincidentcausedaseriesofeventsthatnobodyhadforeseen.那一事件引发了一连串谁都没有预料到的事情。●特别提示series单复数相同，aseriesof＋复数名词作主语时，应遵循语法一致原则，即应使用单数谓语。此外，apairof,akind/sort/typeof,asetof等后跟复数名词作主语时，也使用单数谓语。即境活用完成句子①Thatsetoffourrecords,offeredforalimitedtimeonly,________(be)availableexclusivelyinthestoresmentioned.②Alargecollectionofcontemporaryphotographs,includingsometakenbyHenry,________(is/are)ondisplayatthemuseum.③Thekindofbooksanauthorwrites________(depends/depend)onthekindofmanheis.④Seriesofarticlesonthenatureofmodernsociety________(is/are)goingtobeprintednextmonth.答案：①is②is③depends④are6．onpurpose故意地●用法拓展forthepurposesof为了……，出于……的目的togood/little(no)purpose作用很大/徒劳地forpracticalpurposes事实上，实际上bydesign故意的byaccident/chance偶然地，无意地bycoincidence巧合地，偶然地Histalentshavebeenemployedtogoodpurpose.他的才能很好地得到了利用。即境活用介词填空①—Didhedoitaccidentally?—No,________purpose.②________allpracticalpurposesthecompanyhasalreadycloseddown.③________thepurposesofattractingmoretourists,moreeffectivemeasureshavebeentaken.④Itdidn'toccur________coincidence;allthathappened________design.单项填空⑤Ourholidayhadservedits________；webothfeltthoroughlyrelaxed.A．demandB．purposeC．endD．result答案：①on②For③For④by;by⑤B7．getalongwith与……相处；进展●用法拓展getalongwithsb.“同某人相处”，在getalong后可以加副词，表示相处得如何。getalongwithsth.某事进展/进行①Ican'tgetalongwithhim.Helikestomakefunofme.我不能与他相处。他喜欢嘲笑我。②Theprojectisgettingalongmuchbetternow.这项工程现在进展好多了。●用法拓展getabout/around(消息)传开get...across讲清楚；(使)被领会getawayfrom离开；脱身get...back收回，找回get...down记下来；使悲伤，使沮丧getdownto认真做，开始着手做getin到达；收割geton上车/船/飞机等；继续进行；相处getover克服，摆脱getridof消灭，摆脱，除掉gettogether聚会，联欢①Arumorgotaroundthatshewasillinhospital.有谣言说她患病住院了。②Yourmeaningdidn'treallygetacross.你的意思未必真正被别人理解。③It'stimeIgotdowntothinkingaboutthatessay.我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。④Ithinktheproblemcanbegotoverwithouttoomuchdifficulty.我认为这个问题不太难解决。即境活用单项填空①Idon'tthinkyourspeech________tothecrowd,fortheyappearedquitepuzzled.A．gotbackB．gotawayC．gotthroughD．gotacross②Thefinalexaminationiscomingupsoon.It'stimeforusto________ourstudies.A．getdowntoB．getoutC．getbackforD．getover答案：①D②A重点句式1.Whilewalkingthedog，youwerecarelessanditgotlooseandwashitbyacar.在遛狗时，你不小心让狗挣脱了绳子，结果狗被车撞了。●用法拓展Whilewalkingthedog＝Whileyouwerewalkingthedog.当while，when，before，after等引导的时间、条件、让步状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致，而且从句中谓语动词又含有be的某种形式时，可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。如：Whileyouarewalkingacrosstheroads(＝Whilewalkingacrosstheroads)，youarenevertoocarefulenough.当你穿越马路时，你越小心越好。即境活用改写句子①Whenhewaswalkinginthestreet，hecameacrossoneofhisfriends.________________________________________________________________________②ThoughIamtired，Ibelieverunningdoesusalotofgood.________________________________________________________________________③Heneverspeakstoothersunlessspokento.________________________________________________________________________答案：①Whenwalkinginthestreet，hecameacrossoneofhisfriends.②Thoughtired，Ibelieverunningdoesusalotofgood.③Heneverspeakstoothersunlessheisspokento.2．...butyourfriendcan'tgountilhe/shefinishescleaninghis/herbicycle...但是直到你的朋友清洗完他(她)的自行车他(她)才能去。●用法拓展until直到……为止，notuntil直到……才。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。①Isleptuntilmidnight.我一直睡到半夜才醒了。(在肯定句中可用before代替。Let'sgetinthewheatbeforethesunsets.)②Don'tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.公共汽车停稳后再下车。③Ididn'tmanagetodoituntilyouhadexplainedhow.直到你教我后，我才会做。●特别提示(1)Notuntil...在句首，主句用倒装。①Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcenturydidmanknowwhatheatis.直到19世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。②NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.直到我开始工作，我才意识到了我已蹉跎了多少岁月。(2)Itisnotuntil...that...是一个强调结构。ItisnotuntilhecomesbackthatIwillleave.直到他回来我才会离开。(3)Untilwhen疑问句中，until要放在句首。—Untilwhenareyoustaying？你呆到什么时候？—Untilnextmonday.呆到下周一。即境活用翻译句子直到他的父亲睡着他才敢回家。①强调句________________________________________________________________________②倒装句________________________________________________________________________答案：①Itwasnotuntilhisfatherhadfallenasleepthathedaredtogohome.②Notuntilhisfatherhadfallenasleepdidhedaretogohome.3．Iwonderifit'sbecauseIhaven'tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI'vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.我不知道是不是因为自己长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。●用法拓展此句中的It's...that是强调句型。(1)强调句型的基本结构：强调句型“Itis/was＋被强调的成分＋that/who＋其他成分”用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成分。that只起连接作用，不作成分，但不能省略。当被强调部分为人作主语时可用who，也可用that，其他情况一律用that。强调主语时，that后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语人称和数保持一致。(2)特殊句式中的强调句型：①如果强调的是特殊疑问句中的疑问词，表示“到底，究竟”等语气时，就用如下结构：“特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that/who＋该句的其余部分”，that/who后只能使用陈述语序。②在强调“not...until”结构中由until所引导的短语(或从句)作时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：“It＋is/was＋notuntil...＋that＋该句的其余部分”，that所引导的从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。(3)强调句型要注意和it指代时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。判断是否是强调句，可采用“还原法”，即把“Itis/was...that/who”去掉。如果还原为一般句式后，句子各种成分完整，则是强调句，否则不是。①ItisIthat/whoamgoingforaholidaywithMary.是我跟玛丽一块儿去度假。②Howwasitthatyoumissedsuchafinelecture?你怎么错过了这么精彩的演讲呢？③ItwasnotuntilhetookoffhisdarkglassesthatIrealizedhewasafamousfilmstar.直到他摘下墨镜我才认出他是著名的影星。④Itwasinhistownthathewasbroughtup.他是在镇上被养大的。⑤Itwasthistownwhere/inwhichhewasbroughtup.这是他被抚养长大的城镇。(定语从句)即境活用单项填空①Itisinthatpoorvillage,________Marylivedandworked15yearsago,________shewillbuildherfirstschool,whichinspireseveryonetohelpher.A．where;whenB．that;thatC．that;whenD．where;that②________sheisnotsohealthy________sheusedtobe?A．Whyisitthat;asB．Whyisitthat;whatC．Isitwhy;thatD．Whyitisthat;as答案：①D②A4．Icanwellrememberthattherewasatimewhenadeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.我记得很清楚，以前(有那么一段时间)，湛蓝的天空，鸟儿的歌唱，月光和鲜花，从未使我心迷神往过。●用法拓展Therewasatimewhen...以前有那么一段时间……；when引导定语从句，修饰先行词atime。TherewasatimewhenmyfatherworkedinBostonandcamehomeonlyonweekends.曾经有那么一段时间，我父亲在波士顿工作，只在周末回家。time后跟从句的常用结构：atthetimeyouareworking在你工作的时间bythetimewereachedhome到我们回到家的时候lasttimeIwasthere我上次在那儿的时候everytimeIsawher每次我见到她It'stimethat...到了……的时候，that从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气。①It'stimeweweregoing.我们该走了。②It'shightimewetookaction.真到了我们该采取行动的时候了。即境活用翻译句子我们该上学了。________________________________________________________________________答案：It'stimewewenttoschool./It'stimeforustogotoschool.5．Thedark,rainyevening,thewind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower;itwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI'dseenthenightfacetoface...漆黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。这是我一年半来第一次目睹这样的夜晚……●用法拓展Itwasthefirsttimethat...这是第一次……这个句型中，it可以换为this,that;was可以换为is,willbe;first可以换为second,third...last；从句谓语动词应用现在完成时或过去完成时。①ItwasthefirsttimeIhadbeeninaplane.那是我第一次坐飞机。②Thisisthefourthtimeshehasrungyouthisweek.这是本周内她第四次给你打电话。③ItwillbethefirsttimethatIhavebeenabroad.这将是我第一次在国外。●用法拓展thefirsttime“第一次”，用作连词，后接时间状语从句。forthefirsttime“第一次”，用作介词短语，单独作状语，不接从句。Itistimethatsb.didsth.＝Itistimeforsb.todosth.某人该做某事了①HeleftagoodimpressiononmethefirsttimeIsawhim.第一次见面他就给我留下了好印象。②Icomehereforthefirsttime.我第一次来这里。③Itistimethatthegovernmenttookaction.到了政府采取措施的时候了。即境活用单项填空Oneofthemtoldme，“thisisthefirsttimeI________tothecapitaltoattendtheflag­raisingceremony.”A．cameB．comeC．havecomeD．hadcome答案：C6．Motheraskedherif/whethershewasveryhotwithsomanyclotheson.妈妈问她穿这么多衣服是不是很热。●用法拓展withsomanyclotheson为“with＋宾语＋副词(宾补)”结构，在句中作状语或定语。“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构主要有以下几种形式：①with＋宾语＋adj.Helikessleepingwiththewindowopen.他喜欢开着窗子睡觉。②with＋宾语＋副词Hefellasleepwiththelightoff.他睡觉的时候灯关了。③with＋宾语＋现在分词(表示主动)Withsomanychildrentalkingandlaughing，theteachercan'tgoonwithhislessons.这么多孩子又说又笑，老师不能继续上课。④with＋宾语＋过去分词(表示被动)Theboywentouttoplaywithhishomeworkunfinished.作业没完成，男孩就出去玩了。⑤with＋宾语＋不定式(侧重于将来，侧重于原因)Withanursetolookafterhissickmother，hewasabletogotowork.有护士照顾他生病的母亲，所以他就能上班了。⑥with＋宾语＋介词短语MissGaocameintotheclassroomwithabookinherhand.高老师手拿一本书进了教室。即境活用完成句子①那个男孩站在那里，低着头。Theboystoodthere，________________________________.②有些书要买，他去了书店。________________________________________，hewenttothebookstore.③我住在那个亮着灯的房间里。Iliveintheroom________________________________.答案：①withhisheaddown②Withsomebookstobuy③withthelighton7．AlthoughItrytotalktomyclassmates,Istillfindithardtomakegoodfriendswiththem.虽然我试着去跟班上的同学交谈，但我还是发现很难跟他们成为好朋友。●用法拓展本句中it为形式宾语，不定式短语tomakegoodfriendswiththem作真正的宾语。当不定式或that从句作find的宾语而且后面带有宾语补足语时，一般用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面。有这种用法的词除了find外，还有think,make,leave,consider等。①Youmayfindithardtoacceptyourillness.你可能觉得难以接受自己患病。②Ihavemadeitclearthatnobodyisallowedtosmokehere.我已经讲得很清楚，任何人不准在这儿吸烟。③Ithinkitbestthatyoushouldstayhere.我想你最好待在这里。④Ileaveittoyoutojudge.我把它留给你作判断。find后面常跟复合宾语，其宾语补足语多为形容词、非谓语动词、名词、介词短语等，构成“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。即：find＋sb./sth.＋adj./p.p．/n./todo/doing/prep.­phrase。①Thechildwasfinallyfoundsafeandsound.小孩最终被找到了，安全无恙。②Ididn'texpecttocomehomeandfindhimgone.我没料到回到家却发现他已经走了。③Isuddenlyfoundmyselfrunningdownthestreet.我发现自己突然在街上跑了起来。④Shewokeupandfoundherselfinahospitalbed.她醒来发现自己躺在医院的床上。即境活用单项填空Thechairmanthought________necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.A．thatB．itC．thisD．him答案：B8．...Sadly...I'monlyabletolookatnaturethroughdirtycurtainshangingbeforeverydustywindows.……很难过……我只能透过悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前的脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然。●用法拓展sadly副词放句首，修饰全句，作状语。例如：Sadlyhefailedintheimportantexam.非常遗憾的是他未通过这次重要考试。HappilyforallChinese,theOlympicGameshasbeenheldsuccessfullyinBeijingin2008.令我们中国人高兴的是，2008年奥运会已经在北京成功举办。即境活用翻译句子①幸运的是人们已经意识到保护地球的重要性。________________________________________________________________________②非常遗憾的是他未通过这次驾照考试。________________________________________________________________________答案：①Fortunatelypeoplehaverealizedtheimportanceofprotectingourearth.②Sadlyhefailedinthedrivingtest.知能层层练一、单项填空1．—WouldyoumindmovingoveroneseatsomywifeandIcansittogether?—________A．Nevermind.B．Notatall.C．No,Iwouldn't.D．Itdoesn'tmatter.答案：B2．Yesterdaywewrotehimaletter________thebusinessarrangement.A．concernB．concernedC．concerningD．toconcern答案：C3．________thepoemasecondtime,themeaningwillbecomeclearertoyou.A．YouhavingreadB．WhilereadingC．IfreadingD．Whenyouread答案：D4．It'sthefirsttimethistermthatwe________anexaminationafterclassintheafternoon.A．didn'thaveB．aren'thavingC．don'thaveD．haven'thad答案：D5．Itisnotwhoisrightbutwhatisright________isofimportance.A．whichB．itC．thatD．this答案：C6．Hehasthehabitof________usefulinformationwhilereading.A．gettingdownB．settingdownC．goingdownD．bringingdown答案：B7．Filledwithgreat________，theboyliftedtheheavystoneontohisshoulder.A．powerB．energyC．strengthD．force答案：C8．Shedevotedherself________toherresearchanditearnedheragoodreputationinherfield.A．stronglyB．extremelyC．entirelyD．freely答案：C9．Oncetellinghimthetruth,________.A．hewillbenervousallthetimeB．hewillfindhimselfnervousallthetimeC．youwillfindhimnervousallthetimeD．everyonewillfindhimnervousallthetime答案：C10．Hecamebackhomeverylatelastnight.________，at200thismorning.A．TobehonestB．TobeexactC．TotellthetruthD．Tobesorry答案：B二、选用方框内所给短语的适当形式完成下列句子。1．Deweyhasbeeninhospitalforseveralweeks________abadback.2．EverytimeI________thesefigures,Igetadifferentanswer.3．Whynot________thegame?You'llsurelyhavefunwithus.4．Ifyoufeelnervous,takeadeepbreathanditwillhelpyou________.5．Thewholesocietyshould________thehealthandsoundgrowthofchildren.6．Shecame________withtheprofessorashewalkedintothelecturehall.7．HelikedthewayMarysmiledand________withheralmostimmediately.8．You'dbetter________hisaddressandtelephonenumberincaseyouforget