2023年GRE历年真题长难句突破【句式结构分类讲解＋句子翻译＋核心词汇】

第1章长难句句式结构分类讲解GRE试题的一大特色就是篇幅中有很多长难句，而所谓的长难句就是众多语法结构按照一定的语法顺序堆砌起来的句子。1.1长难句分类1．带有较多成分的简单句简单句的句子主干类型有五种：主系表‚主谓ƒ主谓宾④主谓宾宾⑤主谓宾补。在句子主干上进行扩充，如增添定语、状语等就构成了此类句子。如：A.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.本句主干是classicalinstrumentalists...competewith...。第一部分是for引导的介词短语作状语，说明目的。第二部分虽然句子很长，但结构较简单，其宾语是由表示递进关系的关联词组notonly...butalso连接的两部分，ofthe20thcentury做后置定语修饰musicians。B.Theemphasisondatagatheredfirst-hand,combinedwithacross-culturalperspectivebroughttotheanalysisofculturespastandpresent,makesthisstudyauniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocialscience.这句话的一个显著特点就是主语很长，主语其实是两个并列的结构用combinedwith来连接。2．含有多个简单句的并列句两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子，叫做并列句，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有：and,but,or,so等。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。如：A.Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsago,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.本句的句子结构比较简单，是由and连接的并列句。B.Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonalitychips,computerswithin-builtpersonalitieswillberegardedasworkmatesratherthantools,relaxationwillbeinfrontofsmell-television,anddigitalagewillhavearrived.这是一个由四个并列句组成的句子。equippedwithpersonalitychips作定语修饰dolls。3．含有多个从句的复合句此类句子是指一个从句中嵌套另一个从句，句子较长。如：A.Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectedpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem.because引导原因状语从句，其中包括that引导的宾语从句；该宾语从句中，if引导条件状语从句。B.Meanwhile,manysettleshadslighterreligiouscommitmentsthanDane’s,asoneclergymanlearnedinconfrontingfolkalongthecoastwhomockedthattheyhadnotcometotheNewWorldforreligion.as引导的定语从句指代前面整个句子，该定语从句中，who引导的定语从句修饰folk，that引导的名词性从句做mocked的宾语。4．含有多个插入成分的句子此类句子是指，本来应该紧密相连的句子的各成分被分开，中间存在其他成分。如：A.Inhislatestbook,DoingOurOwnThing:TheDegradationofLanguageandMusicandWhyWeShould,Like,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.插入语DoingOurOwnThing:TheDegradationofLanguageandMusicandWhyWeShould,Like,Care是hislatestbook的同位语；alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews是插入语，说明JohnMcWhorter的身份。B.WhileinAmericathetrendstartedasareactiontotheeconomicdecline—afterthemassredundanciescausedbydownsizinginthelate-80s—andisstilllinkedtothepoliticsofthrift,inBritain,atleastamongthemiddle-classdownshiftersofmyacquaintance,wehavedifferentreasonsforseekingtosimplifyourlives.破折号中间是插入语，对前面进行补充说明；第二部分，atleast...acquaintance也是插入语，来进一步补充说明，为前面讲的话留有余地。5．并列复合句并列复合句是指并列连词连接了带从句的并列句。如：A.Chomsky’sgrammarshouldshowpatternsoflanguagechangethatareindependentofthefamilytreeorthepathwaytrackedthroughit,whereasGreenbergianuniversalitypredictsstrongco-dependenciesbetweenparticulartypesofword-orderrelations.本句是由whereas连接的并列结构。第一部分that引导的定语从句thatareindependentofthefamilytreeorthepathwaytrackedthroughit修饰patternsoflanguagechange。B.Unhappyparentsrarelyareprovokedtowonderiftheyshouldn’thavehadkids,butunhappychildlessfolksarebotheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthegapingbaby-sizeholesintheirlives.本句是由but连接的并列句。第二部分themessage之后是that引导的同位语从句说明message的内容。6．倒装句Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda—tolureustoopenourwallets—theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreli