人工智能英文版课件

ArtificialintelligenceCanitreplaceahumanbrainoneday??

Artificialintelligen1Artificialintelligenceistousecomputerstoanalogandinsteadofhumanbrain.Theadventofcomputershasmadeartificialintelligenceamajorbreakthrough.Thecomputercannotonlyreplacesomeofthehumanbrainfunction,butexceedthehumanbraingreatlyinspeedandaccuracy.Itcannotonlysimulatepartofanalysisandthecomprehensivefunction,butisgettingtodisplayacertaincharacteristicsofconsciousness.Itreallybecameanextensionofthehumanbrain.WhatisAI?Artificialintelligenceisto2Theexcitingnewefforttomakecomputersthinks…machinewithminds,inthefullandliteralsense”(Haugeland1985)“Theartofcreatingmachinesthatperformfunctionsthatrequireintelligencewhenperformedbypeople”(Kurzweil,1990)“Thestudyofmentalfacultiesthroughtheuseofcomputationalmodels”(Charniaketal.1985)Afieldofstudythatseekstoexplainandemulateintelligentbehaviorintermsofcomputationalprocesses”(Schalkol,1990)SystemsthatthinklikehumansSystemsthatthinkrationallySystemsthatactlikehumansSystemsthatactrationallyViewsofAIfallintofourcategories:WhatisAI?Theexcitingnewefforttomak3AISearchenginesLaborAppliancesScienceWhatelse?AISearchenginesLaborAppliance4AIHondaHumanoidRobotWalkTurnStairsAIHon5Turingtest(1936)Alanturing（1912-1954）Computerscanfoolpeople,peoplewhobelieveitisnotthemachine,thenitshouldbecalledintelligent.Turingtest(1936)Alanturing61956,theAmericanscholarMcCarthywhoisconsideredthefatherofartificialintelligenceoforganizedaSociety,manyexpertsandscholarsgatheredtogetherforadiscussionofuptotwomonths.Invitingthemtoparticipateinthe"SummerDartmouthArtificialIntelligenceResearchSociety."Sincethen,thisfieldisnamed"artificialintelligence"McCarthy麦卡锡BirthofAI1956,theAmericanscholar7McCarthy麦卡锡Minsky明斯基Shannon香农BirthofAIMcCarthy麦卡锡MinskyShannonBirth8Simon-1975Newell-1975More,Samuel,Selfridge,Solomonff莫尔（Princeton），塞缪尔（IBM），塞尔夫里奇，索罗莫夫（MIT）BirthofAISimon-1975Newell-1975More,Sam9Inmachinelearning,in1957Rosenblatt(罗森布拉特)successfullydevelopedPerceptron(感知机);Intheoremproving,in1958WangHaointheIBM-704machinewitha3-5minuteprovedall220theorem“PrincipiaMathematica”intherelevantpropositionalcalculus;In1965,Robinsonmadeduetotheresolutionprinciple(归结原理);Inpatternrecognition(模式识别),1959Selfridge(塞尔福里奇)launchedapatternrecognitionprogram;1965Robertspreparedadistinguishedbuildingblockconstructionprocedures(可分辨积木构造程序);Thefirst10yearsofachievement

Inmachinelearning,in1957R10Intermsofproblemsolving(问题求解):1960Newell(纽厄尔)compiledauniversalproblemsolver(GPS),cansolve11differenttypesofproblems;

Inexpertsystems(专家系统):theresultsofthe1968Feigenbaum(费根鲍姆)developed

DENDRALexpertsystemandputintouse;

Intheartificialintelligencelanguage(人工智能语言):1960McCarthy(McCarthy)developedtheartificialintelligencelanguage-LISPlanguage.Thefirst10yearsofachievement

Intermsofproblemsolving(问题11SecondaryTranslation-MachineTranslation

thespiritiswillingbutthefleshisweak

thevodkaisgoodbutthemeatisrottenCombinatorialexplosionproblem(组合爆炸)

Thefactthataprogramcanfindasolutioninprincipledoesnotmeansthattheprogramcontainsanyofthemechanismsneededtofinditinpractice.Perceptronlimitations(感知机局限性)

Atwo-inputperceptroncannotbetrainedtorecognizewhenitstwoinputsaredifferent.Difficulties(thelate1960s)SecondaryTranslation-M12Feigenbaum(费根鲍姆)presentedKnowledgeEngineeringatthe5thIJCAI(InternationalJointConferenceOnArtificialIntelligence，国际人工智能联合会议)KnowledgeEngineering(1977)KnowledgeEngineering(1977)13HopfieldNeuralNetworks(Hopfield,霍普菲尔德，1982)Back-propagationalgorithm(Rumelhart&McClelland,鲁梅尔哈特，麦克莱伦德1986)It’sthemostcommonneuralnetwork

NeuralNetworks

HopfieldNeuralNetworks(Hopf14ComputationalIntelligencethriving(90s-now)ArtificialNeuralNetwork人工神经网络GeneticAlgorithm遗传算法FuzzyReasoning模糊推理AntColonyAlgorithm蚁群算法ParticleSwarmOptimization粒子群优化ArtificialImmuneSystem人工免疫系统ComputationalIntelligencethr151956BirthEnthusiasm（狂热）1966DifficultiesNeuralNetworksReborn1986ComputationalIntelligence1969IJCAIwasheld1970AIwaslaunchedKnowledgeEngineering1977Present国际人工智能联合会议TheHistoryofAI1956BirthEnthusiasm（狂热）1966Dif16May1997,theU.S.IBM‘s“DeepBlue”supercomputerbeattheworldchesschampionGarryKasparov(卡斯帕罗夫).ThegreatachievementsofartificialintelligenceMay1997,theU.S.IBM‘s“Dee