Unit2语法动词的时态和语态课件-初升高衔接英语课程

专题2动词的时态和语态Readandpayattentiontothewordsinred.LiuGenghongisafitnesscoach.Hewasasingerandhiswifewasamodelsomeyearsago.Ihavepracticedthecoupleonlinefortwoweeks.Nowallmyfamilyaretakingexercisewiththem.Wehopethatwewon’tgiveupbecauseoffeelingtired.BoforeMrLiubecameacoach,hehadstudiedmanyEnglishmagazinesaboutfitness.AtthistimetomorrowIwillbedancingtothesongbyJayChou.英语时态以动词形式变化表示句中谈到的动作、状态的时间关系和说话的时间。

体时一般进行完成完成进行现在过去将来过去将来一般现在时be/do/does现在进行时am/are/isdoing现在完成时have/hasdone现在完成进行时have/hasbeendoing一般过去时was/were/did过去进行时were/wasdoing过去完成时haddone过去完成进行时hadbeendoing一般将来时will+do将来进行时willbedoing将来完成时willhavedone一般过去将来时would+do过去将来完成时would/shouldhavedone动词的时态

一、一般现在时的用法

1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。

every…,sometimes,often,usually,onSunday

Iget

homefromschoolat5everymorning.Heis

ateacher.Hebelieveshecanachievehisgoaloneday.2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。

Theearthmovesaroundthesun.

形式变化规则构成方法例词原形——see,finish,teach第三人称单数形式一般情况加-slook—looks,write—writes以ch,sh,s,x结尾加-esteach—teaches,finish—finishes,guess—guesses,mix—mixes以o结尾加-esdo—does,go—goes以“辅音字母＋y”结尾变y为i，加-estry—tries,cry—criesplay?动词的时态一、动词的基本形式(2022北京卷）Firstcelebratedin1970,theDaynow______(include)eventsinmorethan190countriesandregions.

includes

二、一般过去时的用法

1）过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。2)常与表过去的时间状语连用，即仅谈过去，无关现在。如yesterday,lastweek,lastyear等。

形式变化规则构成方法例词过去式、过去分词规则变化一般情况加-edstay—stayed,look—looked以不发音e结尾直接加-ddecide—decided,hope—hoped以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed

stop—stopped,admit—admittedstay—stayed以“辅音字母＋y”结尾变y为i，加-edcarry—carried,try—trieddestroy—destroyed现在分词一般情况加-inggo—going,read—reading以不发音e结尾去e，再加-inghave—having,write—writingsee—seeing以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ingcut—cutting,run—runningthrow—throwing

即学即练:I_______(spend)mychildhoodhappilywithmyoldfriends.Wealways________(play)footballandbasketballtogetherandwe_______(not)havesomuchhomeworktodoasnow.We_______(be)happyatthattime.spentplayeddidn’twereOnestudyinAmericafoundthatstudents’grades_________(improve)alittleaftertheschoolintroduceduniforms.

improved三.一般将来时(TheSimpleFutureTense)1.willdo2.其他表达方式begoingtodobeabouttodo,表示马上做某事,不能与明确表示将来的时间状语连用，常可以和when连用Themeetingisabouttoclose.三.一般将来时(TheSimpleFutureTense)1.willdo2.其他表达方式三.一般将来时(TheSimpleFutureTense)1.willdo2.其他表达方式Asscheduled,it______________(hold)ontheplaygroundfrom5p.m.to8pm.nextSunday.willbeheld四.过去将来时2.定义：表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态,常用于宾语从中。Themanagersaidthattheshopswouldsoonclose.Ididn’texpectthatsomanypeoplewouldhelpmeoneday.Bythedayoftheshow,morethan300peoplehadsaidthey_________________(attend).1.结构:willdo/begoingtodo/beabouttodo1.结构:

①woulddo②was/weregoingtodo③was/wereaboutto+dowouldattendPratice:1.There_______sixcountriesinSCO(上合组织)atfirst,butnowthenumberhasincreasedtoeight.A.is B.are C.were D.willbe2.—Whenistheschoolartfestival?—Itwillbeheldontimeifit_______nextMonday.A.don’train B.won’train C.doesn’train D.didn’train3.Theydon'tlivehereanylonger.They______toChengdulastmonth.A.moveB.movedC.willmoveD.aremoving4.Beforethesun______,weneedtogettothetopofthemountain.A.set

B.sets

C.issetting D.willset5.TheTVnewsreportsthatthere________astormthedayaftertomorrow.A.is B.was C.willbe D.hasbeenCCBBCAAmoveswillbeshowedpromisedwillgiveboils13.Itisverycoldthesedays.It

_______________

(snow)soon.

14.Justnowhe_______(be)askedifthemeeting________(hold)nextFriday.15.Jimsaidhe_____________(take)partinthesportsmeettobeheldthenextweek.isgoingtosnowwaswouldtake五.现在进行时(ThePresentContinuousTense)2.用法：1)表示现在(指说话时)正在发生的事情。WearehavingEnglishclassnow.2)表示现阶段时间内正在进行的动作,但说话时动作未必正在进行。WearehavingEnglishhomeworkthesedays.3.注意：与always,constantly,often,forever,continually等副词连用，表示反复发生的或习惯性的动作,常表示不满,抱怨,赞赏等.SheisalwaysfindingfaultwithothersDon’tmakesomuchnoise.Thechildren______________(sleep).1.结构:be(am,are,is)+doingaresleeping▲不用进行时的动词

1)事实状态的动词

have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continuee.g.Ihavetwobrothers.Thishousebelongstomysister.2)心理状态的动词

thinksee,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hatee.g.Ineedyourhelp.Helovesherverymuch.六、过去进行时1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2）结构:was/were+doing3）以when/while引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.

WhenIgottothetopofthemountain,thesunwasshining.Iwaswritingaletter_______hecame.Thetelephonerang_______shewaswashing.whenwhile

七、将来进行时1）结构:will/shall+be+doing2）用法：①表示将来某时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。

明天这个时候，我们在这儿等你。Atthistimetomorrow

we

shallbehavingfun

onthebeach.②表示预料不久要发生或势必要发生的动作．

IwillbewatchingthenewsprogramonTVat7thisevening.—CouldIuseyourcartomorrowmorning?—Sure.I________________(write)areportathome.

willbewritingPratice:用所给词的适当形式填空1.LiJiangandSuHua_________(discuss)whattowearwhenreceivingtheBritishstudentsnextmonth.

2.Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimetheseamounts_________(forbid)tomostcitizens.

3.—Whereisyourfather?—He_________

(fish)bythelake.

4.It’s8o’clock.Thechildren

_____

(do)morningexercises.

5.Mrs.White_________

_(cook)dinnerwhenhersoncamehome.arediscussingwereforbiddingisfishingaredoingwascooking过去进行时/一般过去时的区别过去进行时表示一个正在进行尚未结束的动作一般过去时表示一个已完成的动作。*Ireadanovellastnight.*Iwasreadinganovelateightlastnight.She___________letters.Ididn’twanttodisturbher.She_______severallettersandaskedmetopostthem.waswriting

wrote(证明事实).(可能没看完)将来进行时/一般将来时

的区别将来进行时→将来的具体的某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作一般将来时→对“现在时刻”来说,将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态*Sheissixteen,andwillbeseventeennextyear.*WhatwillyoubedoingatthistimenextMonday?

八、现在完成时1）结构:have/hasdone2）时间状语already;yet;lately/recently;since;sofar;uptillnow;inthepast/last…

等。3)用法：①表示一个动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在②一个发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响。Shehasalreadyfinishedthework.Sheisveryhappy.Theyhavelivedheresince2019.willbewriting注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。

Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.（错）

Ihaven'treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.（对）比较since和for

since+时间点,用来说明动作起始时间for+时间段,用来说明动作延续时间长度。

Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.

IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn..

Pratice:Hehasbeen/livedinBeijingsincelastyear.HecametoBeijinglastyear.Hejoinedthearmy3yearsago.

Hehasbeenasoldierfor3years.现在完成时与一般过去时态的区别:1）现在完成时→“利用过去，说明现在”一般过去时态

→“仅谈过去，不关现在”①I'velivedherefortenyears.(现在仍住在这儿)②Ilivedherefortenyears.③Hehasboughtahouse.(现在已拥有这房子)④Heboughtahouse.2).过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与不确定的或包括现在在内的时间状语连用，或无时间状语.IstudiedinPekingUniversityin2017.(2017年表示具体的过去时间）IhavestudiedinPekingUniversity

since2017.

(since2017表示从2017年至今,包括现在在内)Ihavejustboughtanapartment.(just表示不确定的时间状语）Pratice:1.----______youever________Tombefore?----No,I_____himjusttwominutesago.A.Did,know;metB.Have,known;havemetC.Have,known;metD.Did,know;hadmet2.----______you______thetext?----Yes,we_____ittwohoursago.A.Did,copy;didB.Have,copied;havecopiedC.Have,copied;didD.Did,copy;hadCC九、过去完成时1）结构:have/hasdone2）时间状语:threeyearsbefore,by+过去时间/theendof+过去时间/thetimethat(过去时间)when,before引导的时间状语从句haddone九、过去完成时3)用法：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，即“过去的过去”。Bynineo’clocklastnight,wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片Thelittlegirl___herheartoutbecauseshe____hertoybear.A.hadcried;lostB.cried;hadlostC.hascried;haslostD.cries;haslosthaddoneB十、现在完成进行时1）结构:have/hasbeendoing2）用法：①表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在。现在这个动作可能已经终止，并且会继续进行下去的Ithasbeenrainingforthreehours.雨已经下了三个小时了。(动作可能延续)②表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。*Hehasbeensayingthattentimes.willbewriting

现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别现在完成时→过去发生或开始的动作对现在的影响或结果现在完成进行时→到目前为止的一段时间内动作一直在进行的过程。

Ihavebeenreadingthebookforthewholeday.

我整天一直在读这本书。（一直不停地读，没有说明是否读完。）

Ihavereadthebook.

我读过这本书了。（说明读过或读完了。）Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudents____________________(study)waystokillbacteria,andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution(解决方案).

havebeenstudying十、过去完成时1）结构:have/hasdone2）时间状语:threeyearsbefore,by+过去时间/theendof+过去时间/thetimethat(过去时间)when,before引导的时间状语从句3)用法：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，即“过去的过去”。Bynineo’clocklastnight,wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片haddone

时态语态与主谓一致的综合运用Itisreportedthatanewhouse______atpresentinthedisasterarea.A.arebeingbuilt

B.werebeingbuiltC.wasbeingbuiltD.isbeingbuilt时态考查方式D在具体语境中考查动词的时态---Wereyousurprisedbytheendingofthefilm?----No,I_____thebook,soIalreadyknewthestory.A.wasreading

B.hadreadC.amreading

D.havereadBD

从句时态的考查---I’llplanavisittoHongKongifit____tomorrow.---Really?IthinkI________withyou.A.don’train,goB.won’train,goC.isn’train,willgoD.doesn’train,willgoDExercises-Didyougototheshowlastnight?--Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea____invited.2.Largeamountsofwater_____everyday.A.iswastedB.arewastedC.waswastedD.werewasted3.Mr.Smith_____shortstories,buthe____aTVplaythesedays.A.iswriting…iswritingB.iswriting…writesC.writes…iswritingD.writes…writes4.—Howdidtheaccidenthappen?—Youkno