初中阅读理解之词义猜测题课件

godie去死godie去死1初中阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧授课老师：黄文婷初中阅读理解授课老师：黄文婷2定义分类解题技巧习题操练猜测词义题定义分类解题技巧习题操练猜测词义题3考查指定的词、短语或句子在特定语境中表达的具体含义什么是猜测词义题？设问方式：1.Theword“…”means___inChinese.2.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningto"..."?3.Theword“…”couldbestbereplaced(替换)by______.4.InParagraph2,theunderlined(划线的)word/sentence“…”means/refersto_____.“双引号”TomcallsZip"thekeepdog"because______.考查指定的词、短语或句子在特定语境中什么是猜测词义题？设问方41.Theunderlinedexpression"givingahandto"(Paragraph3)isclosestinmeaningto"____".2.Theunderlinedexpression"gohimonebetter"inparagraph4means____.3.Theunderlinedword"them"inparagraph1refersto____.4.Theunderlinedword"This"(Paragraph4)refersto____.5."DolphinIntellegence"isprobablyastoryaboutdolphins'____.......猜测词义题分类？非指代型：根据语境推断某个词的意思指代型：it,they,them,this,that等指代的对象进行判断1.Theunderlinedexpression"520112012201320142015推测词义题113222011-2015年广州中考卷20112012201320142015推测词义题113226解题技巧一、语境法二、构词法瞻前顾后，联系上下文词形变化现象和规则解题技巧一、语境法二、构词法瞻前顾后，联系上下文词形变化现象7解题技巧一——语境法瞻前顾后对比转折因果关系同义关系定义解释举例子指示关系解题技巧一——语境法瞻前顾后对比转折因果关系同义关系定义解释8Idolreferstoapersonthatislovedandadmired(赞赏)verymuch.语境法——定义解释a.以be(是),mean(意指),referto(指的是)为线索猜测词义b.

以becalledas(被称作),beconsideredas(被认为)，bedefinedas（被定义为）为线索猜测词义Motionmaybedefinedasacontinuous(连续不断的)changeofposition.Idolreferstoapersonthati9Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoentertained(使有兴趣)thechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhats,swallowing(吞)fire,andothersimilartricks(把戏).语境法——定义解释c.定语从句为线索来推测词义d.以标点符号（括号，破折号）Tornadoes(violentanddestructivewhirlwind)normallyoccuronhot,humid(alittlewet)day,butnotnecessarilyinthesummer.Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoe10Whatdoestheword“shoplifter”mean?AthiefB.AguideinashopC.theownerofashopD.AporterYet,shopkeepersmayhavetospendextrahourstodealwithproblems,suchasshoplifters,whoalwaystakeawaythingsfromtheshopwithoutpayingforthem.…Whatdoestheword“shoplifter11语境法——举例子以列举的句子为线索猜测词义。特征词：suchas,like,forexample,forinstance,include,consistof,...Definedmostbroadly,folkloreincludesallthecustoms,beliefandtraditionthatpeoplehavehandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration.语境法——举例子以列举的句子为线索猜测词义。特征词：such12

MynameisTom．Iwanttojoinaclubinmyschool．I'mnotfamous（著名的）now，butmaybeIcanbefamoussomeday．Ican'tsingordanceoract，butIcandomanyotherthings．Icanplaythreekindsofinstruments：theguitar，theviolinandthedrums．IthinkIcanbeinthemusicclub．MaybeIcanbeafamousmusician．IliketoreadstorybooksandIcanwritestories．MaybeIcanbeafamouswriter．Ilikesportstoo，butIamnotgoodatsports.CanIjoinyou?What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“instruments”inChinese?A.乐谱B.乐器C.乐章D.琴MynameisTom．Iwantt13Theunderlinedword“royal”mightmean“

”inChinese.A.皇室的B.富裕的C.中产的D.平民的

WeknowthattheumbrellawasusedinancientEgyptandBabylonasasunshade．Andtherewasastrangethingconnectedwithitsuse:itbecameasymbolofhonorandauthority．IntheFarEastinancienttimes,theumbrellawasallowedtobeusedonlybyroyaltyorbythoseinhighofficesorbyroyalpeoplesuchasthekingsorqueens．Theunderlinedword“royal”mi14Havingaplanandknowinghowtoprioritizeisonething.Thenextissue(问题）isknowinghowtomanageinterruptions.Theremaybephonecalls,informationrequestsandeventsthatoccurunexpectedly.However,youneedtodowhateveryoucantoconcentrateonthemaintasks.Theword“interruption”(inParagraph4)issimilarinmeaningto______.A.processB.disadvantageC.disturbanceD.emergencyHavingaplanandknowinghow15语境法——对比转折表转折关系的词：but,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,otherwise,though,unless,notas...as,...以反义词和对比关系为线索猜测词义。Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.语境法——对比转折表转折关系的词：but,while,h16Whatdoestheunderlineword“homely”mean?A.beautifulB.uglyC.lovelyD.notlookbeautifulHeissohomely，notatallashandsomeashisbrother.Whatdoestheunderlineword“17Theword"awful"inthepassagemeans____.A.美味的B.极好的C.糟糕的D.很快的

LastsummerJennyandherfriendshadabustriptoNewYork.Shefeltveryrelaxedontheway.Theyvisitedamuseum.Butitwasreallycrowdedthereandthedisplay(展览)wasnotinterestingatall.Theywenttodifferentrestaurantstohavedinner.Somefoodwasquitedelicious,butJennythoughtthefastfoodwasawful.Whentheweatherwasfine,theywenttothebeachtoswim.Theseawasbeautiful,andtheyhadagoodtime.Theword"awful"inthepassag18TheunderlinedwordsstraightA’sinParagraph2mean

inChinese.A.全优B.及格C.中等D.不及格

Inmyearliestmemoriesmyfatherwasatall,handsomeandsuccessfulman.Helovedhisworkandfamily,butwasuncomfortablewithhischildren.AsachildIlovedhim;asaschoolgirlandyoungadultIwasafraidofhim.HeseemedunhappywithmeunlessIgotstraightA'sinmystudyandunhappywithmyboyfriendsiftheirfatherswerenotas“successful”ashewas.WheneverIwentoutwithhimonweekends,Iusedtotryhardtothinkupthingstosaytoprotectmyself.Theunderlinedwordsstraight19Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“lifeforms”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Messages.B.Tools.C.Intelligentbeings.

D.Radiosignals.

HavebeingsfromspacealreadyvisitedEarth?“Probablynot,”saysShostak.“It’salongwayaway.However,intelligentbeingsmaycontactusinotherway,suchasradiosignals(信号).Infact,theymaybetryingtocommunicatewithusnow,butwedon’thavetherighttoolstoreceivetheirmessages.However,thisischanging.By2025,wecouldmakecontactwithotherlifeformsinouruniverseandwemighthelpeachother.”Whatdoestheunderlinedphras20Whatdoestheunderlinedword"ascend"(inParagraph3)mean?A.sink.B.move.C.rise.D.float.

Thepilotcancontroltheup-and-downmovementsofthehotairballoonbyregulatingtheheatintheenvelope.Toascend,thepilotheatstheairintheenvelopebutwhenthepilotisreadytoland,theairintheballoonisallowedtocoolandtheballoonbecomesheavierthanair.Thismakestheballoongodown.Whatdoestheunderlinedword21Theunderlinedexpression“gohimonebetter”inparagraph4means·A．dosomethingevenworseB.improvethesituationC．pointouthismistakeD.helphimout

PaulandJasonwerebrotherswholivedandworkedonneighbouringfarms．For35yearstheyfarmedsidebyside，sharingmachineryandgoodsasneeded，withoutasingleproblem．However，oneautumn，thingschanged．Itbeganwithatinydisagreementaboutahorse，whichgrewintoamajordifference．Thedifferenceledtoangrywords，followedbyweeksofsilencebetweenthetwobrothers．OnemorningtherewasaknockonPaul’sdoor．Heopeneditandsawabuilderholdinghistoolbox．“I’mlookingforafewdays’work，”thebuildersaid．“ArethereanyjobshereIcouldhelpwith?”“Yes，”answeredPaul，extremelypleasedtoseethebuilder．“Idohaveajobforyou．Lookatthatfarmacrossthecreek(小溪)．That’smybrother’sfarm.Thatcreekusedtobeagrassfield，butlastweekmybrotherdugapathfromtheriverandmadethecreek．ButI’llgohimonebetter．SeethatpileofwoodIwantyoutobuildmeafence，twometerstall，soIwon’tneedtoseehimanymore．”...Theunderlinedexpression“goh22语境法——因果关系表示因果关系的特征词：since,as,because,for,so,thus,therefore,dueto,resultfrom,asaresult,forthisreason,sothat,so...that,such...that,...SinceIcouldnotaffordtopurchasetheoriginalpainting,Iboughtareplica.Aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference.语境法——因果关系表示因果关系的特征词：since,as,23Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exhausted”inParagraph4mean?A.TiredB.AngryC.FrightenedD.Regretful

Nowitwastheswan’sturn.Heflewup,andbeganflyingoverthesea.Thecrowflewafterhim,makingallkindsofcomments(评价)abouthisflying.Theyflewonandontilltheycouldn’tseethelandandtherewasnothingbutwateronallsides.Thecrowwasmakingfewerandfewercomments.Hewassoexhaustedthathefoundithardtostayintheair,andhadtostruggletokeephimselffromfallingintothewater.Whatdoestheunderlinedword24Theboldword“volume”inParagraphTwoprobablymeans“

”.A.thetypeofmusicB.theamountofasoundC.thelengthofasongD.thecolourofanMP3player

KeepItDown!Youhavetonoticethevolumeofyourmusic.Youshouldnotplayyourmusicsoloudthateveryonearoundyoucanhearit.Somepeoplemightevengetangry.Usually,whenyouplaythemusicloudonanMP3player,otherpeoplecan’thearthewordsofthesong.Theyjusthearaloudsound.Notonewantstolistentothis.Veryloudmusiccanalsobebadforyourears,soevenifyouarealonewhenlisteningtoourMP3player,youshouldn’thaveitturneduptoohigh.Theboldword“volume”inPara25Whatdoes“makeup”meaninthispassage?A.看笑话B.弥补C.哭泣D.询问ThefamousfatandlazycatGarfieldiscomingtoChina.Inthe“GarfieldTheMovie”,Garfieldactswithrealactors.Hewillmakeyoulaughwithcleverandfunnywords.Sometimeshe’snotfriendlytohisowerJohnArbuckle.Oneday,JohnbringsOdie,adog,intohishome.Odieiscute.HegetsallJohn’slove.ThisturnsGarfield’sworldupsidedown.Garfieldwantsthedogoutofthehouseandhislife.Onenight,hekicksOdieoutofthehouse.ButlaterGarfieldfindsaTVstarcaughtOdie!Themanwantstousethedoginhisshows.GarfieldfeelssorryforOdie.Hethinkshe’swrong.Hewantstomakeupforit.SoGarfieldgetsoffhisfavoritechairtotrytosavehisfriend.Whatdoes“makeup”meaninth26语境法——同义关系以同义词、近义词为线索猜测词义并列的词或短语（and,or,as...as,like...）Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.语境法——同义关系以同义词、近义词为线索猜测词义并列的词或短27WhenhadlessonsathomewiththeirgovernessMarionCrawford.Margaretwasoftennaughty.Theword"governess"means________.A.服务员B.家庭女教师C.牧师D.管家Whenhadlessonsathomewith28Whatdoestheunderlinedword"launched"meaninthesecondparagraph?A.取消.B.改善.C.创办.D.改变.TwoyearsagotheUnitedStatesNationalAcademyofSciencelaunchedthe"SafeDrinkingWaterIsEssential"site.Itwassetuptoprovidehigh-qualityscientificinformationaboutimprovingthesafetyofdrinkingwatersupplies.Whatdoestheunderlinedword29Theword"extra"inParagraph3means

.A.正常的B.额外的C.有用的D.少量的

Whydopeopleworksomanyhours?Somepeopleworkextrahoursbecausetheywanttomakemoremoney.However,manycompaniesdon'tpayovertime.Theirworkersdon'tgetmorepayformorework.Somepeoplethinkit'stheirdutytoworkmorehours.Someareafraidoflosingtheirjobsiftheydon'tworkmorehours.Theword"extra"inParagraph30Theunderlinedexpression"givingahandto(Paragraph3)isclosestinmeaningto"_______".A.questioningB.helpingC.hurtingD.calling

Onedayamansawanoldladystandingbyherexpensivecar,clearlyinneedofhelp.Sohestoppedhisoldtruckandgotout.Althoughhewassmiling,theoldladywasworried.Washegongtohurther?Hedidn'tlooksafe.Themancouldseethatshewasfrightened,soinhisfriendliestvoicehesaid,"I'mheretohelpyou,madam.Whydon'tyouwaitinthecarwhereit'swarm?Bytheway,mynameisBryanAnderson."Bryanquicklyfixedthecarandtheladythankedhim.Thensheaskedhowmuchsheshouldpayhim.ButBryanwantednomoney.Hewasjustgivingahandtosomeoneintrouble.Thiswasnormalforhim.Hesaid,"Ifyoureallywanttorepayme,nexttimeyouseesomeoneinneed,helpthemandthinkofme."Theunderlinedexpression"gi31Whatdotheunderlinedwords“UVrays”mean?A.沙尘B.闪电C.紫外线D.超声波

Thereareseveralcausesleadingtopooreyesightlikenotenoughfood,genes（基因）andaging(老化).Televisions,computersandreadingarealsothecausesofhavingpooreyesight.Ifyouhappentoworkinfrontofthecomputer,itisbesttotakeabreakeveryonceinawhile.Somethingdirtycancauserednessandtheywillmakeyoufeeluncomfortable.Itisbadforyoureyes,too.Ifthishappens,thebestwayistocleanyoureyesbyusingcoldwater.Youmustalsotryyourbesttoprotectyoureyesfromharmfulthings.Forexample,sunglassesarenotjustforfashionbuttheycanalsoserveasagreatwaytoprotectyoureyesightfromUVrays.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“32语境法——指代关系代词it,that,he,him或them可以指上文提到的人事物语境法——指代关系代词it,that,he,him或33Theunderlinedword“them”inparagraph1refersto______.A．phoneusersB．mobilephonesC．DriversD．ears

LastyearintheUKatleast45peoplediedand900morewereinjuredincaraccidentswheredriverswereusingtheirmobilephones．Yetmanypeoplecontinuetousethemwhiledrivingeventhoughitisdangerous．Theunderlinedword“them”in34Thephrase“rushhour”inthispassagemeans

inChinese.A.比赛中的冲刺时刻B.一小时内所跑的路程C.(上下班)交通高峰时刻D.匆匆忙忙的一小时

Youcanalsotravelaroundthecitybytaxi.Thisisthemostexpensiveway,butthetaxiwilltakeyoutotheveryplaceyouwishtogoto.Iftrafficisheavy,thetaxiwillbeslow.Duringthemorningsandafternoons,thisisthe“rushhour”.Thisisthetimewhenthetrafficisveryheavywithpeoplegoingtoandfromwork.Thephrase“rushhour”inthis35Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sweat”probablymean?A.触摸B.鼓掌C.出汗 D.指点Itwasagreatwaytogethismindoffwhathehadtodolater.Astheygotclosetotheschool,hecouldfeelhisheartbeating.Hishandswerestartingtosweat.Hehatedthis!Whatdoestheunderlinedword36Whatdoestheword“snap”inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymean?A.breakB.changeC.winD.Complain

WhenIthinkaboutthebambootree’sabilitytobendandmoveback,theword“resilience”comestomymind.Whenitisusedforaperson,thiswordmeanstheabilitytoreadilyrecover(恢复)fromshock,sadnessoranyothersuffering.Haveyoueverfeltlikeyouweregoingtosnap?Haveyoueverfeltlikeyouwereatyourbreakingpoint?Thankfully,youhavesurvivedtotalkaboutit.Whatdoestheword“snap”int37"It"inParagraph1means_______.A.InformationB.Brain

C.Attention

D.QualityInformationisreceivedintoourbrainbyattention,anditsqualitydetermines(决定)howwellitwillbeprocessed,savedandusedafterwards."It"inParagraph1means___38FirstIhadtogetthekidstosleep.Thatwasnevereasyatanytimeandtonightitwasevenmoredifficult.Theeldestonewantedtoknowwhyweleftthepartyearly.Itoldhim10:30pmwasnotearly.Asusual,Ireadthemabedtimestory,butIhadtostopmyselfreadingtooquicklyortheywouldlearnmysecret.Theunderlinedword“they”inParagraph3refersto____.A.thievesB.parentsC.childrenD.neighboursFirstIhadtogetthekidsto39Theundedinedword"motivation"inParagraph2means

inChinese.A.动力B.机会C.试验D.条件

AtEastChinaUniversityofScienceandTechnology,studentswillgetacoupon(优惠券)iftheyeatuptheirfood.Studentscancollectcouponsandexchangethemforsmallgifts,suchasbooks,magazines,mobilephonecoversandhandwarmers."It'sbeensuchasurprise,"saidLiangZhaoyun,19,astudentattheuniversityinShanghai."Ithasgivenusonemoremotivationtofinishourfood."Themeasureispartofanational"eat-up"campaign(行动)whichisorganizedbystudentstodealwithfoodwasteoncampuses(校园).Theundedinedword"motivation40解题技巧一——语境法语境法对比转折因果关系同义关系定义解释举例子指示关系解题技巧一——语境法语境法对比转折因果关系同义关系定义解释举41解题技巧二——构词法派生法合成法构词法解题技巧二——构词法派生法合成法构词法42构词法——派生法一个单词(词根)加上前缀或后缀，构成一个新单词。unbelievablebelieve否定前缀有：un-，dis-，im-，in-，mis-...（改变词义）形容词后缀有:-ful,-ing,-ed,-y,-able,-ible,-ical,-al...

（改变词性和词义）构词法——派生法一个单词(词根)加上前缀或后缀，构成一个新单43Onedayaveryrichfamilywentonatriptothecountryside.Thefatherwantedtoshowhissonhowpoorpeoplelived,sotheyspentadayandanightonthefarmofaverypoorfamily.Whentheygotbackfromtheirtrip,thefatheraskedhisson,"Mydearson,howwasthetrip?""Verygood,dad!""Didyouseehowpoorpeoplelived?"thefatherasked."Yeah!""Andwhatdidyoulearn?"Thesonanswered,"Wehaveadogathome,andtheyhavefour.Wehaveapoolthatisinthemiddleofthegardenandtheyhaveariverthathasnoend.Wehaveveryexpensivelampsinthegardenandtheyhavethestars."Whenthelittleboyfinished,hisfatherwasspeechless.Theword"speechless"means_______.A.毫无兴趣的B.寡言少语的C.胸无点墨的D.无话可说的**speech+less**后缀Onedayaveryrichfamily44Theunderlinedword"quartered"means_________.A.榨汁B.切成四份C.洗净D.炸碎**quarter+ed**后缀Fishandapplesoup?Yes,andyouwon'tbelievehowdeliciousitis.ThisfirstcameoutofarestaurantinSingapore,butitisnowverypopularasthesoupdujourinChineserestaurants.Ingredients(serves4):1.Wholefish2.apples,quartered,4-6gingerslices(姜片)1bunchofspringonions,cutintopieces，1redtomato,cutinto8pieces,oil,saltandpepper

...Theunderlinedword"quartered45构词法——合成法把两个或两个以上的单词合成一个新单词有的可以直接写在一起构成一个新单词，还有的在词与词之间用连字符“-”构成一个新单词，把这个词通常叫做复合词。eg.good-looking好看的

eg.cold-blooded冷血的构词法——合成法把两个或两个以上的单词合成一个新单词有的可以46Theunderlinedword“lifespan”(inParagraph5)mostprobablymeans＿＿．A．生活B．生存C．生命D．寿命Thelifesp