初中英语句子成分分析课件

句子成分主语谓语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语句子成分主语谓语宾语宾语补足语表语定语1主语：是说明人或物，是句子的主体，一般放在句首。名词、代词、数词常在句中作主语。此外，动名词，动词不定式也可以作主语。例子：1）Mr.Chenisawell-knownscientist.(名词)2）Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.(代词)3）Twoandsixiseight.(数词)4）Smokingisharmfultothehealth.(动名词)5）ToswiminKunmingLakeisagreatpleasure.(不定式)6）Whatweshalldoisnotdecided.(从句)主语：是说明人或物，是句子的主体，一般放在句首。名词、代词、2谓语：说明主语的动作和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后1）Thenewtermbeginsonthe1stofSeptember(实义动词）2）Herfatherisanengineer.(系动词)3）Itsmellsgreat.(?)谓语：说明主语的动作和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之3宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般放在及物动词或介词之后。介词后面的名词或代词称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词组或句子常用作动词宾语或介词宾语。此外动词不定式可用作动词宾语，动名词和宾语从句也可以用作动词宾语或介词宾语如：Hewrotemanyplays.他写了许多剧本。Shelovesswimming.她喜欢游泳。Shelooksathermother.她看着她妈妈。YouknowwhatIwant.你知道我要什么。宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般放在及物动词或介词之后。介4宾语补足语：用来对宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分称为宾语补语，一般由名词、形容词、介词短语及动词不定式、分词等充当。Hetoldustostay.

他叫我们留下。I’veneverseenherdancing.

我从未看见过她跳舞。Ifounditdifficulttorefusehim.我感到很难拒绝他。Thenewsmakeherhappy.消息让她开心。宾语补足语：用来对宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成5表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、动名词、分词和表语从句或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于连系动词之后，与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语Becareful!小心!Helooksveryangry.他看上去很生气。Hisjobislookingaftersheep.他的任务是看羊。表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、6定语：对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明名词或代词的成分是定语。单词作定语时，通常放在他所修饰的名词之前，但在修饰复合不定代词（如：nothing，anything，everything，something等）时，则放在这些不定代词之后。短语和从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词、非谓语动词、动词不定式、分词和定语从句及句子等充当。It’saninterestingstory.那是一个有趣的故事。Doyouhavetimetohelpus?你有时间帮助我们吗?Whoisthewomancrying?正在哭的女人是谁?Sheisagirlwholovesflowers.她是个爱花的女孩。ThisisabookIboughtyesterday.这是我昨天买的书。定语：对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明名词或代词的成分是定语7状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等的成分是状语，修饰形容词的状语通常放在它所修饰的形容词之前，修饰动词的状语通常放在动词之后。但有些副词（如：always，often等）作状语时，则放在行为动词之前。一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语、名词词组、动词不定式短语、分词短语或状语从句充当。如WelikeEnglishverymuch.我们非常喜欢英语。HerunclelivesinCanada.她叔叔住在加拿大。Maryrunsquickly.玛丽跑得很快。WhenIwin,Iwilljumpupanddown.(时间状语从句)Ifyouaresick,youmustgotoseeadoctor.（地点状语从句）详见课本P112和P113.状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等的成分是状8同位语若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且，句法功能也一样，那么，后一项称为前一项的同位语。ThisismyfriendHarry.这是我的朋友哈利。Westudentsshouldstudyhard.我们学生应该努力学习。Theboy,calledJack,wasbornin1999.叫杰克的男孩1999年出生。同位语若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且，句法功能也一样，9如何确定一个单词在句子中的词类和成分？

在英语中，一个单词往往属于几种词类，因而词义和在句中的作用也就有所不同。在英译汉时，如何正确理解某词的词类、词义和作用;在汉译英时，如何正确使用某词表达某义，除了必要时查阅词典外，更重要的是要掌握正确的分析方法。----应根据一个词在句中的位置、与其他词的关系以及在句中的作用来确定其词类、词义和在句中的成分。如何确定一个单词在句子中的词类和成分？

在英语中，一个单词往10(一).

指出下列句中主语的中心词

(4分，4分钟)

①

The

teacher

with

two

of

his

students

is

walking

into

the

classroom.

②

There

is

an

old

man

coming

here.

③

The

useful

dictionary

was

given

by

my

mother

last

year.

④

To

do

today's

homework

without

the

teacher's

help

is

very

difficult.

(一).

指出下列句中主语的中心词

(4分，4分钟)

①

11(二).

选出句中谓语的中心词

(10分，10分钟)

①

I

don't

like

the

picture

on

the

wall.

A.

don't

B.

like

C.

picture

D.

wall

②

The

days

get

longer

and

longer

when

summer

comes.

A.

get

B.

longer

C.

days

D.

summer

③

Do

you

usually

go

to

school

by

bus?

A.

Do

B.

usually

C.

go

D.

bus

④

There

will

be

a

meeting

at

the

library

this

afternoon.

A.

will

be

B.

meeting

C.

the

library

D.

afternoon

⑤

Did

the

twins

have

porridge

for

their

breakfast?

A.

Did

B.

twins

C.

have

D.

breakfast

⑥

Tom

didn't

do

his

homework

yesterday.

A.

Tom

B.

didn't

C.

do

D.

his

homework

⑦

What

I

want

to

tell

you

is

this.

A.

want

B.

to

tell

C.

you

D.

is

⑧

We

had

better

send

for

a

doctor.

A.

We

B.

had

C.

send

D.

doctor

⑨

He

is

interested

in

music.

A.

is

B.

interested

C.

in

D.

music

⑩

Whom

did

you

give

my

book

to?

A.

give

B.

did

C.

whom

D.

book

(二).

选出句中谓语的中心词

(10分，10分钟)

①

12三)

挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟）

①

My

brother

hasn't

done

his

homework.

A

B

C

D

②

People

all

over

the

world

speak

English.

A

B

C

D

③

You

must

pay

good

attention

to

your

pronunciation.

A

B

C

D

④

How

many

new

words

did

you

learn

last

class?

A

B

C

D

⑤

Some

of

the

students

in

the

school

want

to

go

swimming,

how

about

you?

A

B

C

D

⑥

The

old

man

sitting

at

the

gate

said

he

was

ill.

A

B

C

D

⑦

They

made

him

monitor

of

the

class.

A

B

C

D

⑧

Go

across

the

bridge

and

you

will

find

the

museum

on

the

left.

A

B

C

D

⑨

You

will

find

it

useful

after

you

leave

school.

A

B

C

D

⑩

They

didn't

know

who

"Father

Christmas"

really

is.

A

B

C

D

三)

挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟）

①

My

b13((四)

挑出下列句中的表语

(5分，5分钟)

①

The

old

man

was

feeling

very

tired.

A

B

C

D

②

Why

is

he

worried

about

Jim?

A

B

C

D

③

The

leaves

have

turned

yellow.

A

B

C

D

④

Soon

They

all

became

interested

in

the

subject.

A

B

C

D

⑤

She

was

the

first

to

learn

about

it.

A

B

C

D

((四)

挑出下列句中的表语

(5分，5分钟)

①

Th14(五)

挑出下列句中的定语

(6分，6分钟)

①

They

use

Mr.

Mrs.

with

the

family

name.

②

What

is

your

given

name?

③

On

the

third

lap

are

Class

1

and

Class

3.

④

I

am

afraid

some

people

forgot

to

sweep

the

floor.

⑤

The

man

downstairs

was

trying

to

sleep.

⑥

I

am

waiting

for

the

sound

of

the

other

shoe!

(五)

挑出下列句中的定语

(6分，6分钟)

①

They15(六)

挑出下列句中的宾语补足语

(6分，6分钟)

①

She

likes

the

children

to

read

newspapers

and

books

in

the

reading-room.

D

②

He

asked

her

to

take

the

boy

out

of

school.

③

She

found

it

difficult

to

do

the

work.

④

They

call

me

Lily

sometimes.

⑤

I

saw

Mr.

Wang

get

on

the

bus.

⑥

Did

you

see

Li

Ming

playing

football

on

the

playground

just

now?

(六)

挑出下列句中的宾语补足语

(6分，6分钟)

①

S16(七)

挑出下列句中的状语（8分，

8分钟）

①

There

was

a

big

smile

on

her