高三英语一轮复习语法专题：(浙江)定语从句课件

重温高考内容索引专题精析考点集训定语从句重温高考内容索引专题精析考点集训定语从句重温高考重温高考2单句语法填空I’dskippednearbyGuilin，adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver_________arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.(2015·全国Ⅰ)解析

先行词为指物的mountaintopsanddarkwaters，关系词在定语从句中作主语，因此答案为that/which。考向1关系代词引导的限制性定语从句答案解析that/which单句语法填空考向1关系代词引导的限制性定语从句答案解析th考向2

“介词＋whom/which”或关系副词引导的限制性定语从句12单句语法填空1.Whenharvestcamearound，hewasalreadysellingherbs，vegetablesandcottoninthemarket

peoplefromthetownsmetregularly.(2015·广东)解析

根据句子结构可以判断，在这里应填关系词来引导一个定语从句，修饰表地点的先行词themarket，且关系词在定语从句中作状语，故填关系副词where。答案解析where考向2“介词＋whom/which”或关系副词引导的限制性2.Behindhimwereotherpeopleto

hewastryingtotalk，butaftersomeminutestheywalkedawayandsatnearme，lookingannoyed.(2011·广东)解析

此处是一个定语从句，缺少关系代词，因为先行词为otherpeople，指的是人，而且与介词to连用，所以填whom。答案解析whom122.Behindhimwereotherpeople考向3关系代词或关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句单句语法填空1.Likeanything，itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth，

isnotgoodforthehealth.(2017·全国Ⅰ)解析

分析句子结构可知，空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，且指代整个主句的内容，故填关系代词which。答案解析which123456考向3关系代词或关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句单句语法填空2.ButSarah，

hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels，wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2017·全国Ⅲ)解析

引导词代替先行词在从句中作主语，且指人，故用who。答案解析who1234562.ButSarah，hastaken3.Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygotsweptintoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden，

itremaineduntilthecarrot’sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生长)throughit.(2017·浙江)解析

考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的先行词thegarden，且从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导该定语从句。答案解析where1234563.Pahlssonandherhusbandnow4.ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid­-1980s，

IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.(2016·全国Ⅰ)解析

先行词是表示时间的themid­-1980s，且从句中缺少状语，故填关系副词when。答案解析when1234564.Butmyconnectionwithpanda5.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius，

livedfromroughly551to479B.C.，influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.(2016·全国Ⅲ)解析

所填词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，且在从句中作主语，故填who。答案解析who1234565.Somepeoplethinkthattheg6.Ofcoursewhenevertheyturnedtolookathim，theyhadtolookatMary，

madeherfeellikeastar.(2012·广东)解析

由逗号可知此处是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子所表述的内容，故用which引导。答案解析which1234566.Ofcoursewhenevertheyturn专题精析专题精析◆定语从句的句法功能及相关定义1.功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。2.位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。Thosewhoarefortheplanraiseyourhands，please.Asisknowntousall，theearthisspinningaroundthesun.◆定语从句的句法功能及相关定义3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：some­-，any­-，every-­，no­-与­-body，-thing的合成词或all，none，any，some，that，those等代词。数词和人称代词也同样可作先行词。4.关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as等。关系副词：when，where，why等。3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。◆定语从句的核心考点1.确定关系词的步骤：(1)先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。注意：先行词与关系词是等量关系。(1)先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.(2)关系词在从句中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。TherearemanyplaceswecanvisitinChina.(visit后面不能再加manyplaces/them)◆定语从句的核心考点2.在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词用that而不用which：(1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。(2)先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，theonly，thevery，few等修饰时。(3)先行词为all，much，little，none，few，something，anything等不定代词时。2.在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词用that(4)先行词中既有人又有物时。Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.(5)先行词在主句中作表语时。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago.(6)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?(4)先行词中既有人又有物时。3.用which而不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从句中。(2)当关系词前有介词时。(3)当先行词本身是that时。(4)关系词后有插入语时。3.用which而不用that的情况：4.关系词who与that指人时，根据不同情况分别用不同的关系词。(1)当主句是therebe句型时，关系词用who。(2)先行词是anyone，those，someone，everyone，one等词时，关系词用who。(3)当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。Whoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow?(4)whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。5.whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。DoyouknowMrSmithwhosestoryisverymoving?Thereisaroom，whosewindowfacestheriver.4.关系词who与that指人时，根据不同情况分别用不同的关6.关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。(1)先行词被such和thesame修饰，或句型asmany(much)中，从句都用as引导。Suchbooksasyouboughtareuseful.注意：①such...that...引导结果状语从句。如：Theyaresuchlovelychildrenthatwelovethemmuch.②thesame...as...和thesame...that...都可引导定语从句，前者表示“与……同样的(但不是同一个)”；后者表示“同一个，就是那个”如：ThisisthesamepenasIlostlastweek.这同我上周丢失的那支钢笔一样。(但不是同一支)ThisisthesamepenthatIlostlastweek.这就是我上周丢的那支钢笔。6.关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。(2)先行词为句子，定语从句用as或which引导。区别：①意义上：as含有“这点正如……一样”。②位置上：as从句可置于句首，也可在句中或句尾；which引导的非限制定语从句只能放在主句之后。Hedidn’tpasstheexam，aswehadexpected.Thereislotsofairinloosesnow，whichcankeepthecoldout.Asisknown，theearthisround.(2)先行词为句子，定语从句用as或which引导。7.关系副词when，where，whywhen指时间＝in/at/on/duringwhichwhere指地点＝in/at/fromwhichwhy指原因＝forwhich注意：that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词之后，取代when，where，why和“介词＋which”引导的定语从句，修饰的先行词常为theway，thetime，theday，theplace等，在口语中that常被省略。Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)hetalks.Theday(that/when/onwhich)shearrivedwasThursday.7.关系副词when，where，why8.必须注意的问题：(1)关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。(2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。①定语从句中关系词作从句成分；②强调句中it无意义，that/who不是引导词；③去掉itis/was和that/who后，如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。Itisthemuseumthat/whichwevisitedlastyear.(定语从句)Itwasinthehotelthatwestayedlastnight.(强调句)8.必须注意的问题：(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。①定语从句的引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语，有时可省略。②同位语从句的引导词被叫作连接词，that不充当任何成分，不可省。Weexpressedtothemourwishthatwasthesameastheirs.(定语从句)Wordcamethattheirarmywasdefeated.(同位语从句)(4)关系词在定语从句中省略的情况。①关系词作宾语，前无介词时；②关系词作表语。(5)关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。(6)几个特殊的定语从句句型：①Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotverygoodmarksinthematch.(句中one为先行词)Heisoneofthestudentswhohavegotgoodmarksinthematch.(句中students为先行词)②Isthisplacetheone(that)wevisitedyesterday?Isthistheplace(that/which)wevisitedyesterday?③Hestoodatthewindow，fromwherehecouldseewhatwashappening.④Itmayrain，inwhichcasethematchwillbeputoff.(6)几个特殊的定语从句句型：考点集训考点集训Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.AccordingtoDr.LanceWorkman，thesepeoplemaydevelopatemporarymoralcodeintheirminds

justifiestheiractions：therearerichpeoplewhohavethingsIdon’thavesoit’srightthatItakeit.2.Thisistheveryfactory

theyvisitedlastsummerholiday.3.Whenfacinghardships，onlythose

areconfidentwillachievesuccess.4.Thatevening，

Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater，Iendedupworkingverylate.which/thatthatwhowhichⅠ.单句语法填空which/thatthatwhowhich5.IwishtothankProfessorSmith，without

helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.6.Aftertheflooding，peopleweresufferinginthatarea，

urgentlyneededcleanwater，medicineandsheltertosurvive.7.Weliveinanage

moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.8.Thenextday，mybrotherandIwenttothebeach

wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.whosewhowhenwhere5.IwishtothankProfessorSm9.Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks，nearlyhalfof

werepublishedinthe1990s.10.We’llreachthesalestargetsinamonth

wesetatthebeginningoftheyear.whichwhich/that9.Hewrotemanychildren’sbooⅡ.语法填空(定语从句专练)Yangshuo，ChinaItwasraininglightlywhenIarrivedinYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.Afewhoursbefore，I’dbeenathomeinHongKong,1.

Ibreatheditschokingsmog.Here，theairwascleanandfresh，evenwiththerain.I’dskippednearbyGuilin,2.

isadreamplacefortourists3.________seekthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver4._________arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.Instead，I’dheadedstraightforYangshuo.Forthose5.

flytoGuilin，it’sonlyanhourawaybycarandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.wherewhichwho/thatthat/whichwhoⅡ.语法填空(定语从句专练)wherewhichwho/thYangshuoisreallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers6.

wasconductedbythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinations7.

arefamousintheworld.Andthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleandtheirfamilies8.

areinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent,9.

isatravelcompanyinHongKong，saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople10.

liveinShanghaiandHongKong.that/whichthat/whichthat/whowhichwho/thatYangshuoisreallybeautiful.A(一)定语从句意识缺失1.关系代词被普通代词取代(误)Ihavemanycollectionsofstamps，someofthemaremyfavorite.(正)Ihavemanycollectionsofstamps，someofwhicharemyfavorite.2.关系代词遗漏(误)Thelastoneleavestheclassroompleaseclosethewindows.