广东省汕头市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末教学质量监测英语试题（含解析）

第第页广东省汕头市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末教学质量监测英语试题（含解析）广东省汕头市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末教学质量监测英语试题

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解

WhateverattractsyoutoIreland,thegreenlandscape,theancientcastlesoritscultures—thesetourswillhelpyoumakethemostofyourtimehere.

LallyTours

ExplorethewestcoastofIrelandonthisbustrip.Theroute(路线)onthiseight-hourjourneywindsthroughthepicturesqueTwelveBensmountainrange.AmongthestopsareascenicmountainsidevillageandthegreatKylemoreAbbey(修道院),a19th-centuryabbeyfeaturingaVictorianwalledgardenandaneo-Gothicchurch.

Ticketsforthetourstartat$50foradults,$39forchildren5to12and$28forchildrenyoungerthan5.Discountsareofferedtoseniorsandstudents.

DerosTours

ObservetheuniquelandscapeoftheIveraghPeninsula,includingIreland’shighestmountain,onthisabout6.5-hourbusride.StopsincludethevillagesofGlenbeigh,WatervilleandSneem.FromMarchtoOctober,coachesalsostoptoshowhowdogsaretrainedtoguardsheep.AhighpointisavisittoMoll’sGap.AnotherhighlightistheLadiesViewattheKillarneyLakes.

Ticketscost$35foranyone13orolder,exceptstudentswithID,whopay$25;feesforthoseyoungerthan12startat$20.

KillarneyJauntingCars

Onthishourlonghorsecoachride,you’lltraveltobothKillarneyNationalParkandRossCastle,passingsightslikeStMary’sCathedralandMacGillycuddy’sReeksalongtheway.WhyacoachrideThismeansoftransportationallowsvisitorstoseepartsoftheparkwherecarsarenotallowed.

Feesstartat$33forriders13andolder,and$14forthoseyoungerthan13.

KillarneyLakeTours

SeethesightsofKillarneyfromLoughLeane,thearea’slargestlake,onthishourlongboatride.WaterbusesstartfromandreturntoRossCastleandpassattractions,suchasInnisfallenIsland’smonastic(庙宇的)ruinsandO’Sullivan’sCascade,aswellasthenearbymountains.

Pricesstartat$13foradults,$11forseniorsand$6.50forchildrenyoungerthan12.

1．OnwhichtourcanyouvisitthetallestmountainofIreland

A．LallyTours.B．DerosTours.

C．KillarneyJauntingCars.D．KillarneyLakeTours.

2．WhattransportisbestfortravellinginKillarneyNationalPark

A．Byboat.B．Bycoach.C．Bybus.D．Bycar.

3．Howmuchshouldacouplewiththeir15-year-oldsonpayontheKillarneyLakeTour

A．$39.B．$37.C．$32.5.D．$28.5.

HachikowasanAkitaInu(秋田犬)whowasbornin1923inacounty,Japan.AyearlaterhebecameagiftforthedaughterofaprofessorofTokyoUniversity.Whentheprofessor,EisaburoUeno,sawhimforthefirsttime,herealizedthathislegswerealittlebent.Theylookedlikethekanji(汉字)“八”thatrepresentsthenumber8,whichinJapaneseispronouncedhachi,sohedecidedtonamehimHachiko.

WhenUeno’sdaughtergrewup,shemarriedandwenttolivewithherhusband,leavingthedogbehind.Theprofessorlikedhim,sohedecidedtokeepHachiinsteadofgivinghimaway.

UenowenttoworkbytraineverydayandHachikobecamehisfaithfulcompanion.EverymorningthedogaccompaniedhisownertotheShibuyatrainstationandintheafternoonhewentbacktomeethisownerwhenUenoreturned.

Oneday,whileteachingattheuniversity,Uenosufferedasuddencerebralhemorrhage(脑溢血)whichendedhislife.However,HachikocontinuedtowaitforhimattheShibuyastation.

DayafterdayHachikowenttothestationandwaitedforhoursforhisowner,lookingforhisfaceamongthethousandsofstrangerspassingby.Thesedaysturnedintomonthsandmonthsandeventuallyintoyears.Hachikowaitedtirelesslyforhisownerforninelongyears.Throughrain,snoworsunshine,hewouldappearattheexacttiehismaster’strainwasdueinthestation.

ThelocalsofShibuyaknewHachikoandhadregularlyseenhimwithProfessorUeno.Duetothebusynessofthestation,manyfounditannoyingtohavethedoggettingintheway.However,whentheyrealizedwhathadhappened,theytookchargeoffeedingandtakingcareofhimwhilehewaitedinthedoorofthestation.

Hachikokeptwaitingforhisownerwhowouldneverappear.Afterhisdeath,wherehewaitedforUenoeveryday,in1934,astatueofhimwasputupinfrontofthesametrainstation.

4．WhydidUenocalltheAkitaInuHachiko

A．Becauseofhisage.B．Becauseofhisnumber.

C．Becauseofhisappearance.D．Becauseofhispronunciation.

5．WhendidHachikobegintoaccompanyUenotothestationeveryday

A．AfterUenohimselfkeptHachiko.

B．BeforeUeno’sdaughtergotmarried.

C．WhenUenosufferedabraindisease.

D．WhileUenowasteachingattheuniversity.

6．Whatcanbeconcludedaccordingtothepassage

A．Hachikowas9yearsoldwhenhedied.

B．HachikowasagiftfromUeno’sdaughter.

C．Hachikowasunawareofhismaster’sdeath.

D．Hachikowasanannoyanceforthelocalpeople.

7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext

A．AkitaInu,aKindofSmartDogB．Hachiko,aFaithfulDog

C．ShibuyaStation’sStatuetoaDogD．People’sKindnesstoaDog

AccordingtoastudypublishedbytheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation,playinganinstrumentasachildkeepsthemindsharperasweage.

Thestudy,doneattheUniversityofKansasMedicalCenter,elected70healthyadultsbetweentheages60and83,whoweredividedintogroupsbasedontheirlevelsofmusicalexperience.Themusiciansperformedbetterinseveralcognitive(认知的)teststhanindividualswhohadneverstudiedaninstrumentorlearnedhowtoreadmusic.Thebrainfunctionsmeasuredbytheteststendtogoworsewithage.

“Musicalactivitythroughoutlifemayserveasachallengingcognitiveexercise,makingyourbrainfitterandmorecapableofmeetingthechallengesofaging,”saidleadresearcherBrendaHanna-Pladdy.“Sincestudyinganinstrumentrequiresyearsofpracticeandlearning,itmaycreateconnectionsinthebrainthatcouldmakeupforcognitivedropaswegetolder.”

“Music-makingisconnectedtoanumberofhealthbenefitsforolderadults,”saidSuzanneHanser,chairofthemusictreatmentdepartmentattheBerkleeCollegeofMusicinBoston.“Researchshowsthatmakingmusiccanlowerbloodpressure,slowheartrate,reducestress,andeaseanxiety.Thereisalsoincreasingevidencethatmakingmusicenhancestheimmunological(免疫)response,whichenablesustofightdisease,”Hansersaid.Hansersaidthatanyone,withoutconsideringageorability,canmakemusicandbenefitfromit.

“Peoplearenotonlylivinglongerthesedays;theywanttoremainhealthyandactiveforaslongaspossible,”saidAntoinetteFollett,editor-in-chiefof“MakingMusic”magazine.“Plus,thereisanincreasingfocusinthemedicalcommunityontheneedtokeepthebrainashealthyasthebody.Thisfocusisasmuchaboutmakingtheemptynestandretirementyearsfunandworthwhileasitisaboutpreventingdebilitatingdementias(衰弱性痴呆)suchasAlzheimer’sdisease.Musicmakingisabletodoboth.”

8．Among4healthyadultsbelow,whomightperformbetterinthecognitivetests

A．Aseniorwhousedtoteachreading.

B．Anagedmanwhoknewamusician.

C．Agrandpawhooftenlistenedtomusic.

D．Anoldladywhoenjoyedplayingtheguitar.

9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“enhances”inParagraph4probablymean

A．Disables.B．Frees.C．Improves.D．Operates.

10．Whatcanweconcludeaccordingtothepassage

A．Brainfunctionsgoworsewithage.

B．Learningmusicisabletostopaging.

C．Musicisbeneficialtobrainandbody.

D．Playinganinstrumentcanfightdiseases.

11．Inwhichpartofanewspapercouldthisarticleprobablybefound

A．Culture.B．Art.C．Medicine.D．Health.

Adroughtisaperiodoftimewhenanareaorregionexperiencesbelow-normalrainfall.Thelackofenoughrainfall,eitherrainorsnow,cancausereducedsoilwetnessorgroundwater,diminishedsteamlow(减少的水流),croploss,andageneralwatershortage.Droughtsarethesecond-mostcostlyweathereventsafterhurricanes.

Theearlyeffectsofadroughtmaybedifficulttoidentifyrightaway,soitmaytakeweeksormonthstodeterminethatadroughthasstarted.Theendofadroughtishardtoidentifyforthesamereason.Adroughtmaylastforweeks,months,orevenyears.Sometimes,droughtconditionscanexistfortenyearsormoreinaregion.Thelongeradroughtlasts,thegreatertheharmfuleffectsithasonpeople.

Droughtsaffectpeopleinseveralways.Cleandrinkingwaterissignificantforalllife,andsourcesofwatermaynarrowduringadrought.Withoutthepresenceofwater,peoplemustbringinenoughwaterfromelsewheretosurvive.Waterisalsoneededforcropstogrow.Whennotenoughrainfallstonaturallywatercrops,theymustbewateredbyirrigation(灌溉).Irrigationispossibleonlywhenthereisenoughwaterinnearbyrivers,lakes,orstreams,orfromgroundwater.Duringadrought,thesewatersourcesarediminishedandmayevendryup,preventingcropsfrombeingirrigatedandcausingthemtodieoff.

OnepersonstudyingtheseproblemsisAlexandraCousteau,aNationalGeographicEmergingExplorerwhoselatestplanisBlueLegacy.ShestartedBlueLegacytoraiseawarenessthatweliveonawaterplanetandmusttakecareofit.Cousteau,thegranddaughterofthewell-knownoceanexplorerJacquesCousteau,believesthatwaterwillbeakeyissueinthiscentury.Shepredictsthatwaterproblemssuchasdrought,storms,floods,anddegradedwaterqualitywillcreate“waterrefugees”,peoplemovinginsearchofwater.CousteaustressesthatwemustdoallwecantoprotectEarth’svaluablefreshwaterresources.

12．Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph

A．Tointroducewhatadroughtis.B．Tocomparedroughtswithhurricanes.

C．Toexplainwhyadroughtoccurs.D．Toraiseawarenessofsomedisasters.

13．Amongalldisasters,whatisspecialaboutdroughts

A．Theycausethegreatestharms.B．Theyarehardtospotinnotime.

C．Theyusuallyendfornoreason.D．Theyinfluencepeople’sliving.

14．Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytellus

A．Cropscannotgrowwithoutwater.

B．Irrigationisimpossibleduringadrought.

C．Therearemanywaystopreventdroughts.

D．Droughtsinfluencelivingandagriculture.

15．Whyis“waterrefugees”mentionedinthelastparagraph

A．TopopularizeBlueLegacy.

B．Totellweliveonawaterplanet.

C．Topersuadepeopletolookforwater.

D．Tostresstheimportanceofwaterresource.

二、七选五

SecretsofGreatSavers

Wonderinghowtosavemoremoneybuthavenoideawheretocut16Theycanmakeyourmoneygofurtherandhelpyouliveamorefinanciallysecure(保障的)life.Youcanforma“hand-me-down”club.Sincekidsgrowsofast,theirclothesquicklybecomeunwearableeventhoughtheystilllooknice.17Insteadofmakingyourlocalkids’clothingstorerich,organiseaclubofparentsfromyourchild’sschoolordaycaretoexchangehand-me-downclothing.

18Alwaysbuythesamecolourandstyleofsocksforyourchild—preferablywhite,sinceyoucanbleach(漂白)themwhentheyarestained.Sincesocksalwaysdisappear,whenyouloseoneofapair,youcanpairitupwithanother,becausetheyareallthesame.

Itisagoodideatotakeajobforadiscount.Ifyouarelookingforapart-timejob,filloutapplicationsatshopswhereyouoftendoyourshopping.19Ifyouhaveteenagersinyourhomewhoarereadyforajob,encouragethemtoworkatyourfamily’sfavouritestoreswithemployeediscountstoo.Notonlywillyoubenefitfromthediscountbutyouwillalsogainaccesstoanewworldofinsideinformationonupcomingsales!

WhynothelpyourfriendmoveAlwayshelpfriendspacktheirbelongingsandloadthetruckwhentheyaremoving.Whenpeopleareloadingtheirhouseholdsintoboxes,theyusuallyfinditemsthattheynolongerneedordonotwanttopackorunpack.Asaresult,youcanbringhomehundredsofpoundsworthoffrozenfood,tableware,books,toys,furniture(家具)andotherhouseholditems.20

A．Getsocksofonecolour.

B．Bleachsockstowhitenthem.

C．Wesharefoursecretsofsupersavershere.

D．So,parentsbuyalotofnewclothestomeettheneed.

E．Bestofalltheywillstillthinkyou’vedonethemafavour.

F．Forexample,clothingshopsmaygivetheiremployeesadiscount.

G．Oncetheydoafavor,yourproblemwillprobablybesolvedveryquickly.

三、完形填空

Schoolissaidtobeatemple(殿堂)ofknowledge.Itistheveryfirstpacethat21youtotheworldandyourownself.

Myschoollifeisallaboutthememories.Ideeply22friendshipandallthesportandafter-school23butalsothewaythathelpedmefindmyinterests.Iowe(把……归功于)themalltomyschoollife.Ithasmademethe24Iamtoday.

Myschoollifehasbeenfullofdifferent25overtheyears.Itgavemeavarietyofopportunitiesto26notonlymylearningabilitiesbutalsotheartandsportskills.Itsupportedmeinmysportsaswellas27metoknowalltypesofpeople.Alloftheseaccountedtomakemeunderstandhowtobehave28andtohelpmeforma29whichIhavetoday.

Therearecountlessthingsthatmakeschoollifethebest30inone’slife.Allofthiseventuallyisbecauseweareyoungtomake31againandagaintillwerealize,stupidenoughnotto32peopleanddowhatwefeellikedoing,and33toexploreeverythingwecan.Mostimportantly,wearestillnotmessedwiththe34feelingsofthisworld.Andallofthesemakeus35apersonalityofourown.

21．A．throwsB．lendsC．devotesD．introduces

22．A．protectB．hideC．treasureD．trust

23．A．quarrelsB．examinationsC．partiesD．activities

24．A．studentB．teacherC．personD．parent

25．A．stylesB．experiencesC．jobsD．sports

26．A．useB．developC．requireD．stress

27．A．advisedB．enabledC．selectedD．organized

28．A．differentlyB．normallyC．sociallyD．professionally

29．A．habitB．groupC．personalityD．club

30．A．stageB．destinationC．sceneD．event

31．A．mistakesB．preparationsC．friendsD．experiments

32．A．thinkaboutB．chatwithC．lookforD．learnfrom

33．A．anxiousB．curiousC．generousD．serious

34．A．positiveB．specialC．colorfulD．ill

35．A．chooseB．controlC．changeD．build

四、用单词的适当形式完成短文

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

WorldBookDaywascreatedonApril23rd,1995,bytheUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization(UNESCO).Theconnectionbetweenthatdateandbooks,however,wasmade36Spainin1923,asitistheanniversary(周年纪念日)ofthe37(die)ofWilliamShakespeareandIncaGarcilasodelaVega,famousSpanishChronicler.

Therewereafew38(idea)forthedayoftheyearthatWorldBookDayshouldbeheld.39(original),VicenteClavelAndres,aValencianwriter,suggestedthatthedayshouldbeonaday40honoredtheauthorMigueldeCervantes.Thiswouldbeeitherhisbirthday,October7,orthedatewhenhepassedaway,April23.The41(choose)dateisthelatteronebecauseitwasalsothedatewhenWilliamShakespearediedandwhenIncaGarcilasodelaVegadiedtoo.Infact,severalotherwell-knownauthorshavealsodiedonApril23—perhapsauthorsshouldbewary(留神的)ofthisdate!

Insomecountries,WorldBookDayactually42(take)placeonotherdaysoftheyear,despitethefactthattheintentionaleventwascreatedbyUNESCO.Forexample,Sweden,theUnitedKingdom,andIrelandallcelebrate43(they)ownWorldBookDayeventson44differentday.However,theinternationalday45(hold)onthesamedayeachyearsinceitbeganin1995.

五、根据汉语意思填写单词

46．Parentsareproudoftheirchildren’s(成就).(根据汉语提示单词拼写)

47．Sheisa(定期的;常规的)customeratthefishmarket.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)

48．Heisan(精力充沛的)boyandhedoessportseveryday.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)

49．Iamwritingto(申请)forthejobasapart-timeeditor.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)

50．Don’ttouchthemushroom,becauseitcontainssomething(有毒的).(根据汉语提示单词拼写)

51．Themoneywas(捐赠)byananonymous(匿名的)localbusinessman.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)

52．Rubbishcaneasilybeseparatedandsortedinto(塑料),glassandpaper.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)

53．Onlywhenwelivein(和谐)withnaturecanthisworldbeabetterplace.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)

54．Familymembersgatheraroundatable,enjoyingfoodandeachother’s(陪伴).(根据汉语提示单词拼写)

55．Weapologizeforthedelay(耽搁)andregretany(不便)itmayhavecaused.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)

六、其他应用文

56．假定你是李华，你校外教Tom发邮件向你询问潮汕方言和普通话的区别，请你给他回复，内容包括：

1.两者发音不同，语法相似;

2.潮汕方言对于潮汕人的意义。

参考词汇：潮汕方言Chaoshandialect;普通话Mandarin

注意：

1.写作词数应为80左右;

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

DearTom,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

LiHua

七、读后续写

57．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

TonyandIwereinourschoolbasketballteam,theLions.WelovedbasketballandwerebothhugefansoftheNBA．Whenweweren’tplayingonthecourt,wewerewatchingagameonTV.MyfavouriteplayerwasLeBronJameswhileTony’swasTyroneBogues.

Bogueswasonly1.6metrestall,whichmadehimtheshortestplayereverintheNBA．GuesswhatTonywasonly1.6metrestall,too!Tonyknewthatbeingshorterthanotherplayersmeantthathehadtopractisemore.Duringallthosehoursofdoingjumpshotsonhisown,heusedBoguesashisinspiration.Tonyoncesaid,“IfBoguescouldmakeit,whynotme”

Butourcoachwasnotsosure.Tonyhadtotryoutmanytimesjustformakingtheteam.Hewasstillusuallyonthebench(场边休息区),beingjustareplacement.EveryoneknewTonyhadrealskills,andwassomeonewhoworkedreallyhardandhadastrongdesiretoplayfortheteam.However,Tonydidn’tgetachance.

Thisweek,theLionswereplayingourmaincompetitors,theBears,ateamwhoserecordthisseasonhadbeenperfect.Theyhadn’tlostasinglegame.

Thelastquarterbegan,andmyteamwasbehindby10points.Suddenly,aplayerandIcrashedintoeachother.Painracedthroughmybody.Mykneehurtbadly.“Idon’tthinkIcanplayanymore,coach,”Isaidquietlyasthedoctorputanicepackonmyknee.

“Noway,”thecoachrepliedsharply.“We’vegotnomoreplayers!”

注意：

1.续写词数应为100左右;

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

“WhataboutTony”someonesuggested.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

试卷第1页，共3页

试卷第1页，共3页

参考答案：

1．B2．B3．A

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个爱尔兰的旅行。

1．细节理解题。根据DerosTours部分“ObservetheuniquelandscapeoftheIveraghPeninsula,includingIreland’shighestmountain,onthisabout6.5-hourbusride.(乘坐约6.5小时的巴士，可以欣赏到艾维拉格半岛的独特景观，包括爱尔兰最高的山峰。)”可知，在DerosTours旅行中可以参观爱尔兰最高的山峰。故选B。

2．细节理解题。根据KillarneyJauntingCars部分“WhyacoachrideThismeansoftransportationallowsvisitorstoseepartsoftheparkwherecarsarenotallowed.(为什么坐长途汽车？这种交通方式可以让游客看到公园里不允许开车的地方。)”可知，在基拉尼国家公园，乘坐长途汽车最适合旅行。故选B。

3．细节理解题。根据KillarneyLakeTours部分“Pricesstartat$13foradults,$11forseniorsand$6.50forchildrenyoungerthan12.(成人起价13美元，老年人起价11美元，12岁以下儿童起价6.50美元。)”可知，15岁孩子是成人价13美元，一对夫妇应该付26美元，一共应付39美元。故选A。

4．C5．A6．C7．B

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一只名叫Hachiko的秋田犬，它陪伴主人每天去车站上下班，主人去世后，它仍然每天在车站等待主人的归来，坚持了九年之久，最终在车站门口竖起了一座它的雕像。

4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Whentheprofessor,EisaburoUeno,sawhimforthefirsttime,herealizedthathislegswerealittlebent.Theylookedlikethekanji(汉字)“八”thatrepresentsthenumber8,whichinJapaneseispronouncedhachi,sohedecidedtonamehimHachiko.(当教授上野第一次看到它时，他意识到它的腿有点弯曲。它的腿看起来像汉字“八”，代表数字8，在日语中发音为“hachi”，因此他决定给它取名为八公。)”可知，因为狗狗的腿有点弯曲，看起来像汉字“八”，代表数字8，在日语中发音为“hachi”，因此上野决定给它取名为Hachiko。故选C。

5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“WhenUeno’sdaughtergrewup,shemarriedandwenttolivewithherhusband,leavingthedogbehind.Theprofessorlikedhim,sohedecidedtokeepHachiinsteadofgivinghimaway.(上野的女儿长大后，结婚了，和丈夫一起生活，留下了狗。教授很喜欢它，所以他决定留下八公，而不是把它送人。)”以及第三段中“UenowenttoworkbytraineverydayandHachikobecamehisfaithfulcompanion.(上野每天坐火车去上班，八公成了他忠实的伙伴。)”可知，在上野的女儿长大后，结婚后只剩下教授和八公，上野自己养了Hachiko之后，八公每天开始陪伴上野去车站。故选A。

6．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Oneday,whileteachingattheuniversity,Uenosufferedasuddencerebralhemorrhage(脑溢血)whichendedhislife.(有一天，上野在大学教书时突发脑溢血，结束了他的生命。)”以及根据第五段中“DayafterdayHachikowenttothestationandwaitedforhoursforhisowner,lookingforhisfaceamongthethousandsofstrangerspassingby.Thesedaysturnedintomonthsandmonthsandeventuallyintoyears.Hachikowaitedtirelesslyforhisownerforninelongyears.Throughrain,snoworsunshine,hewouldappearattheexacttiehismaster’strainwasdueinthestation.(日复一日，八公去车站等他的主人几个小时，在成千上万路过的陌生人中寻找他的脸。这些日子变成了月复一月，最后变成了年复一年。八公不知疲倦地等了它的主人整整九年。无论下雨、下雪还是晴天，他都会准时出现在主人的火车到站的时间。)”以及最后一段中“Hachikokeptwaitingforhisownerwhowouldneverappear.(八公一直在等待他的主人，而他的主人永远不会出现。)”可知，八公一直等待着自己的主人上野的出现，可是它不知道自己的主人已经突发脑溢血去世了。故选C。

7．主旨大意题。通读全文，本文讲述了一只名叫八公的秋田犬，它陪伴主人每天去车站上下班，主人去世后，它仍然每天在车站等待主人的归来，坚持了九年之久，最终在车站门口竖起了一座它的雕像。B选项“Hachiko,aFaithfulDog(忠犬Hachiko)”概括文章的内容，符合文章标题。故选B。

8．D9．C10．A11．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究：孩童时期学习乐器可以使人晚年时的大脑更加敏锐。此外，制作音乐还能增强免疫反应，帮助人们抵抗疾病。

8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“AccordingtoastudypublishedbytheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation,playinganinstrumentasachildkeepsthemindsharperasweage.(根据米国心理协会发表的一项研究，小时候演奏一种乐器可以让我们长大后思维更敏捷。)”可知，小时候演奏一种乐器可以让我们长大后思维更敏捷。因此弹吉他的老太太会在认知测试中表现得更好。因此D选项“Anoldladywhoenjoyedplayingtheguitar.(一位喜欢弹吉他的老太太。)”符合文章内容。故选D。

9．词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容“whichenablesustofightdisease(这能让我们能够对抗疾病)”可知，创作音乐能够增强免疫力，由此对抗我们的身体疾病。故划线词与C选项为同义词，意为“提升，促进”。故选C。

10．推理判断题。根据第三段“Sincestudyinganinstrumentrequiresyearsofpracticeandlearning,itmaycreateconnectionsinthebrainthatcouldmakeupforcognitivedropaswegetolder.(由于学习一种乐器需要多年的练习和学习，它可能会在大脑中建立联系，弥补随着年龄增长而出现的认知能力下降)”可知，随着年龄的增长，大脑功能越来越差。故选A。

11．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“AccordingtoastudypublishedbytheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation,playinganinstrumentasachildkeepsthemindsharperasweage.(根据米国心理协会发表的一项研究，小时候演奏一种乐器可以让我们长大后思维更敏捷。)”以及通读全文可知，文章介绍了一项研究：孩童时期学习乐器可以使人晚年时的大脑更加敏锐。此外，制作音乐还能增强免疫反应，帮助人们抵抗疾病，故推断文章出自于报纸中关于健康的部分。故选D。

12．A13．B14．D15．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了什么是干旱、干旱的特点以及干旱的影响。

12．推理判断题。根据第一自然段“Adroughtisaperiodoftimewhenanareaorregionexperiencesbelow-normalrainfall.Thelackofenoughrainfall,eitherrainorsnow,cancausereducedsoilwetnessorgroundwater,diminishedsteamlow(减少的水流),croploss,andageneralwatershortage.Droughtsarethesecond-mostcostlyweathereventsafterhurricanes.(干旱是指一个地区的降雨量低于正常水平的一段时间。缺乏足够的降雨，无论是雨还是雪，都可能导致土壤湿度或地下水减少、蒸汽量减少、作物损失和普遍缺水。干旱是仅次于飓风的第二大天气事件。)”可知，本段主要介绍了什么是干旱以及引起干旱的因素。因此第一段的作用是介绍什么是干旱。故选A。

13．细节理解题。根据第二自然段“Theearlyeffectsofadroughtmaybedifficulttoidentifyrightaway,soitmaytakeweeksormonthstodeterminethatadroughthasstarted.Theendofadroughtishardtoidentifyforthesamereason.Adroughtmaylastforweeks,months,orevenyears.(干旱的早期影响可能很难立即确定，因此可能需要数周或数月的时间才能确定干旱已经开始。由于同样的原因，干旱的结束很难确定。干旱可能持续数周、数月甚至数年。)”可知，在所有灾害中，干旱的特别之处在于它们很难在短时间内被发现。故选B。

14．主旨大意题。根据第三自然段“Droughtsaffectpeopleinseveralways.(干旱对人们的影响有几个方面。)”可知，本段主要介绍干旱对人们的影响。又根据本段“Cleandrinkingwaterissignificantforalllife,andsourcesofwatermaynarrowduringadrought.(清洁的饮用水对所有生命都很重要，干旱期间水源可能会减少。)”和“Waterisalsoneededforcropstogrow.Whennotenoughrainfallstonaturallywatercrops,theymustbewateredbyirrigation(灌溉).(作物生长也需要水。当降雨量不足以自然灌溉作物时，必须通过灌溉来解决。)”可知，第三段主要阐述干旱对生活和农业的影响。故选D。

15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Shepredictsthatwaterproblemssuchasdrought,storms,floods,anddegradedwaterqualitywillcreate“waterrefugees”,peoplemovinginsearchofwater.CousteaustressesthatwemustdoallwecantoprotectEarth’svaluablefreshwaterresources.(她预测，干旱、风暴、洪水和水质恶化等水问题将造成“水难民”，即人们四处寻找水源。库斯托强调，我们必须竭尽全力保护地球上宝贵的淡水资源。)”可知，最后一段提到“水难民”是为了说明缺水问题的严重影响，进而强调水资源的重要性。故选D。

16．C17．D18．A19．F20．E

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了四个超级省钱的秘诀，这些秘诀可以让你的钱花得更长久，帮助你过上更加经济安全的生活。

16．根据前文“Wonderinghowtosavemoremoneybuthavenoideawheretocut(想知道如何节省更多的钱，但不知道从哪里削减)”可知，此处提出要节省钱，但不知道如何节省的问题，后文应该对该问题进行回答即提出省钱的方法。C选项“Wesharefoursecretsofsupersavershere.(我们在这里分享超级储蓄者的四个秘密。)”符合语境。故选C。

17．根据前文“Sincekidsgrowsofast,theirclothesquicklybecomeunwearableeventhoughtheystilllooknice.(因为孩子们长得很快，他们的衣服很快就不能穿了，即使它们看起来还不错。)”可知，此处是说衣服不能穿之后的行动。D选项“So,parentsbuyalotofnewclothestomeettheneed.(所以，父母买了很多新衣服来满足需要。)”的so与前文的since构成因果关系，形成呼应。故选D。

18．根据后文的“Alwaysbuythesamecolourandstyleofsocksforyourchild—preferablywhite,sinceyoucanbleach(漂白)themwhentheyarestained.(给你的孩子买同样颜色和款式的袜子——最好是白色的，因为当袜子被弄脏时，你可以漂白。)”可知，此处建议的是买相同颜色的袜子，尤其是买白色的袜子。A选项“Getsocksofonecolour.(买一种颜色的袜子。)”概括本段内容，符合语境。故选A。

19．根据前文“Itisagoodideatotakeajobforadiscount.Ifyouarelookingforapart-timejob,filloutapplicationsatshopswhereyouoftendoyourshopping.(接受一份有折扣的工作是个好主意。如果你正在找兼职工作，在你经常购物的商店填写申请表。)”可知，此处建议的是在有折扣的地方兼职。F选项“Forexample,clothingshopsmaygivetheiremployeesadiscount.(例如，服装店可能会给他们的员工打折。)”承接前文，指出在有折扣地方兼职的好处是可以给员工打折。故选F。

20．根据前文“Asaresult,youcanbringhomehundredsofpoundsworthoffrozenfood,tableware,books,toys,furniture(家具)andotherhouseholditems.(因此，你可以把价值数百英镑的冷冻食品、餐具、书籍、玩具、家具和其他家居用品带回家。)”可知，此处说的是，帮朋友搬家可以得到好处。E选项“Bestofalltheywillstillthinkyou’vedonethemafavour.(最好的是，他们仍然会认为你帮了他们一个忙。)”承接前文，指出除了可以带回家各种东西，同时自己还能够得到朋友的感谢，即认为自己帮了他们一个忙。故选E。

21．D22．C23．D24．C25．B26．B27．B28．C29．C30．A31．A32．A33．B34．D35．D

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。学校是知识的殿堂。从自身学校生活经历谈论了学校生活的意义。

21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是将你引到世界和你自己的第一步。A.throws投掷；B.lends借给；C.devotes致力于；D.introduces介绍；引见。根据常识可知，学校是传授知识的场所，它让我们了解世界，认识自我。所以，是学校将人们引入世界。故选D。

22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我深深地珍惜友谊，所有的体育和课后活动，还有帮助我找到兴趣的方式。A.protect保护；B.hide藏；C.treasure珍视；D.trust信任。根据下文“Iowe(把……归功于)themalltomyschoollife.”可知，把它们都归功于他的学校生活，因此他深深地珍惜友谊、体育和课后活动。故选C。

23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.quarrels吵架；B.examinations考试；C.parties派对；D.activities活动。根据下文“helpedmefindmyinterests”可知，此处指课外活动。故选D。

24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它使我成为今天的我。A.student学生；B.teacher老师；C.person人；D.parent父母亲。根据下文“And