英语等级考试《PETS四级》试题（网友回忆版）五

英语等级考试《PETS四级》试题(网友回忆版)五［问答题］1.Directions:Readthefollowingtex(江南博哥)t.ChoosethebestwordorphraseforeachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C,orDonANSWERSHEET1.In1942,theHMSEdinburghwassunkintheBarentsSea.Itwasonits(21)backtoBritainwithninety-oneboxesofRussiangold.(22)thirty-nineyearsitlaythere,toodeepfordiversto(23).Noonewasallowedtoexplodeit,either,sincethebodiesofsixtyofthecrewalsolayinthe(24).Then,in1981,anex-divercalledJessopdecidedtodivyusingnewdivingtechniques.(25)hecouldnotaffordtofinancethe(26)whichwasgoingtocostfourmillionpounds,hehadtolookforpeoplewhowere(27)totaketherisk.(28),theywerenotevensurethegoldwasgoingtobethere!FirstaScottishdivingcompany,thenaGermanshippingcompanyagreedtojoinintheredivieval(29).Notlongafterthat,Jessop(30)afourthcompanytotakea(31).Sincethegoldwasthe(32)oftheBritishandtheSovietgovernments,theybothhopedtomakea(33),too!Thebiggestproblemwashowtoget(34)thegold.Fortunately,theywereabletoexaminetheEdinburgh'ssistership,theHMSBelfozt,to(35)outtheexactlocationofthebombroom,(36)thegoldwasstored.Theyknewitwastobeanexdivemelydifficultanddangerouscleanandstackaspossible.A.roadcleanandstackaspossible.A.roadA.DuringA.findA.wreckA.AlthoughA.researchA.willingA.AllinallA.assignmentC.wayC.AtC.diveC.relicC.wayC.AtC.diveC.relicC.AsC.movementC.committedC.IncaseC.attemptD.passageD.SinceD.reachD.wasteD.IfD.searchD.engagedD.AfterallD.commissionB.ForB.discoverB.ruinB.UnlessB.operationB.luckilyB.InadditionB.temptationTheworstthingapatentcandoistopressurepreschoolerstoperform一forexample,bypushingthemtoreadordomathexercisesbeforethey'reready.Instead,theexpertssay,parentsshouldtakeabreathandlookforalternatives.Anotheryearinpreschoolmaybeallthat'sneeded.［单选题］3.Thetextindicatesthatprivateschoolsareveryselectivebecausethey.havenoreliablemethodstopickstudentsforaclass.wantagoodmixtureofboysandgirlsforclasses.C.encountermoredemandthantheycancopewith.D.prefertoenrollchildrenoftheirrelatives.参考答案：c参考解析：推理判断题。根据题干信息定位到第三段“Theproblemfortheapplicantsisthatwhiledemandhasincreased,supplyhasnot”,由止匕可知，对申请者来说，问题在于申请人数增多了，而学校的招生名额却没有增加。接着第四段详细讲了一些私立学校如何选择学生。由此可推断，私立学校为了解决太多的学生申请，而名额不够的问题，不得不通过各种方法来选择学生。选项A与文章的意思有所出入，第四段第二句提到“Schoolsknowthereisnoeasywaytopickaclasswhenchildrenaresoyoung”,即学校认为选择学生没有简单的方法，并不能说明方法不可靠。选项B是某些学校选择生源的方法，不是原因。选项D在文中没有提及，故答案为C项。Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Competitionforadmissiontothecoundivy'stopprivateschoolshasalwaysbeentough,butthisyearElisabethrealizedithadreachedanewlevel.Herwake-upcallcamewhenamancalledtheDaltonSchoolinManhattan,whereElisabethisadmissionsdirector,andinquiredabouttheagecutofffortheirkindergartenprogram.Afterprovidingtheinformation,sheaskedabouttheageofhischild.Themanpausedforanuncomfortablylongtimebeforeanswering."Well,wedon'thaveachildyet.We^redivyingtofigureoutwhentoconceiveachildsothebirthdayisnotaproblem.”WorriesarespreadingfromManhattantotherestofthecoundivy.Precisecurrentdataonprivateschoolsareunavailable,butinterviewswithrepresentativesofindependentschoolsalltoldthesamestory:anoversupplyofapplicants,higherrejectionrates."Wehavepeoplecallingusforspotstwoyearsdowntheroad,“saidMarilynoftheSevenHillsSchoolinCincinnati."Wehavegrandparentscallingforpregnantdaughters."PublicopinionpollsindicatethatAmericansNo.1concerniseducation.Nowthatthelongeconomicboomhasgivenparentsmoredisposableincome,manyareturningtoprivateschools,evenatpricetagsofwellover$10,000ayear."We'regettingapplicantsfromabroaderareageographicallythanweeverhaveinthepast,“saidBetsyoftheLatinSchoolofChicago,whichexperienceda20percentincreaseinapplicationsthisyear.Theproblemfortheapplicantsisthatwhiledemandhasincreased,supplyhasnot.uEveryyear,thereareafewchildrenwhodonotfindplaces,butthisyear,forthefirsttimethatIknowof,thereareasignificantnumberwithoutplaces,“saidElisabeth.Sowhatcanparentsdotogivetheir4-year-oldanedge?Schoolsknowthereisnoeasywaytopickaclasswhenchildrenaresoyoung.Manyschoolsgivepreferencetochildrenoftheirgraduates.Somemakethechoicebydrawinglots.Butmostrelyonamixofsubjectiveandobjectivemeasures:teststhatatbestidentifydevelopmentalmaturityandcognitivepotential,interviewswithparentsandobservationofapplicantsinclassroomsettings.Theyalsowantadiversemix.Childrenmayenduponawaitinglistsimplybecausetheirbirthdaysfallatthewrongtimeofyear,orbecausetoomanyapplicantswereboys.Theworstthingapatentcandoistopressurepreschoolerstoperform一forexample,bypushingthemtoreadordomathexercisesbeforethey'reready.Instead,theexpertssay,parentsshouldtakeabreathandlookforalternatives.Anotheryearinpreschoolmaybeallthat'sneeded.［单选题］4.Fromthetext,wecaninferthattheauthor.A.favorstheideaofputtingchildrenonawaitinglist.B.agreestotestpreschoolerscognitivepotentials.C.thinkschildrenshouldbebetterpreparedacademicallyD.disapprovesoftheunduepressureonpreschoolers.参考答案：D参考解析：作者态度题。根据题干信息定位到最后一段的第一句"Theworstthingaparentcalldoistopressurepreschoolerstoperform一forexample,bypushingthemtoreadordomathexercisesbeforethey'reready”，由此可知，作者认为强迫学龄前儿童学习阅读或是做数学题等做法是父母做的最糟糕的事。由此可推断出作者不提倡给学龄前儿童过度的压力，故答案为D项。Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Competitionforadmissiontothecoundivy'stopprivateschoolshasalwaysbeentough,butthisyearElisabethrealizedithadreachedanewlevel.Herwake-upcallcamewhenamancalledtheDaltonSchoolinManhattan,whereElisabethisadmissionsdirector,andinquiredabouttheagecutofffortheirkindergartenprogram.Afterprovidingtheinformation,sheaskedabouttheageofhischild.Themanpausedforanuncomfortablylongtimebeforeanswering."Well,wedon'thaveachildyet.We^redivyingtofigureoutwhentoconceiveachildsothebirthdayisnotaproblem.”WorriesarespreadingfromManhattantotherestofthecoundivy.Precisecurrentdataonprivateschoolsareunavailable,butinterviewswithrepresentativesofindependentschoolsalltoldthesamestory:anoversupplyofapplicants,higherrejectionrates."Wehavepeoplecallingusforspotstwoyearsdowntheroad,“saidMarilynoftheSevenHillsSchoolinCincinnati."Wehavegrandparentscallingforpregnantdaughters."PublicopinionpollsindicatethatAmericans'No.1concerniseducation.Nowthatthelongeconomicboomhasgivenparentsmoredisposableincome,manyareturningtoprivateschools,evenatpricetagsofwellover$10,000ayear."We'regettingapplicantsfromabroaderareageographicallythanweeverhaveinthepast,“saidBetsyoftheLatinSchoolofChicago,whichexperienceda20percentincreaseinapplicationsthisyear.Theproblemfortheapplicantsisthatwhiledemandhasincreased,supplyhasnot.uEveryyear,thereareafewchildrenwhodonotfindplaces,butthisyear,forthefirsttimethatIknowof,thereareasignificantnumberwithoutplaces,“saidElisabeth.Sowhatcanparentsdotogivetheir4-year-oldanedge?Schoolsknowthereisnoeasywaytopickaclasswhenchildrenaresoyoung.Manyschoolsgivepreferencetochildrenoftheirgraduates.Somemakethechoicebydrawinglots.Butmostrelyonamixofsubjectiveandobjectivemeasures:teststhatatbestidentifydevelopmentalmaturityandcognitivepotential,interviewswithparentsandobservationofapplicantsinclassroomsettings.Theyalsowantadiversemix.Childrenmayenduponawaitinglistsimplybecausetheirbirthdaysfallatthewrongtimeofyear,orbecausetoomanyapplicantswereboys.Theworstthingapatentcandoistopressurepreschoolerstoperform一forexample,bypushingthemtoreadordomathexercisesbeforethey'reready.Instead,theexpertssay,parentsshouldtakeabreathandlookforalternatives.Anotheryearinpreschoolmaybeallthat'sneeded.［单选题］5.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasatitleofthistext?A.HardTimeforthePreschoolersB.ProsperityofPrivateSchoolsC.TheProblemforPublicSchoolsD.American'sNo1Concern参考答案：A参考解析：标题判断题。通读全文，本文主要讲述儿童进入顶级私立学校困难，名额少，学校筛选严格，许多父母都在提早为学龄前孩子做准备。选项A“学龄前儿童的艰难时代”符合文意；选项B“私立学校的繁荣兴旺”，私立学校只是这种现象发生的地点，并不是文章的中心；选项C“公立学校的难题”，而文中讲的是私立学校；选项D“美国人最关注的问题”，本文谈论的仅仅是教育中申请私立学校很困难的现象，该说法过于宽泛，B、C、D均不符合文意，故答案为A项。Text2WilliamShakespearedescribedoldageasasecondchildishness“一noteeth,noeyes,notaste.Inthecaseoftastehemay,musicallyspeaking,havebeenmoreperceptivethanherealised.ApaperinNeurologybyGiovanniFrisoniandhiscolleaguesattheNationalCendiveforResearchandCareofAlzheimersDiseaseinItaly,showsthatfrontotemporaldementiacanaffectmusicaldesiresinwaysthatsuggestaregression,ifnottoinfancy,thenatleasttoapatient'steens.Frontotemporaldementia,adiseaseusuallyfoundwitholdpeople,iscaused,asitsnamesuggests,bydamagetothefrontandsidesofthebrain.Theseregionsareconcernedwithspeech,andwithsuch“higher“functionsasabsdivactthinkingandjudgment.TwoofsuchpatientsindiviguedDrFrisoni.Onewasa68-year-oldlawyer,theothera73-year-oldhousewife.Bothhadundamagedmemories,butdisplayedthesortsofdefectassociatedwithfrontotemporaldementia-adiagnosisthatwasconfirmedbybrainscanning.Abouttwoyearsafterhewasfirstdiagnosed,thelawyer,onceaclassicalmusicloverwhore-ferredtopopmusicas“merenoise”,startedlisteningtotheItalianpopband"883”.Ashiscommandoflanguageandhisemotionalattachmentstofriendsandfamilydeteriorated,hecontinuedtolistentothebandatfullvolumeformanyhoursaday.Thehousewifehadnotevenhadthelawyer'sloveofclassicalmusic,havingneverenjoyedmusicofanysortinthepast.Butaboutayearafterherdiagnosisshebecameveryinterestedinthesongsthather11-year-oldgranddaughterwaslisteningto.ThiskindofchangeinmusicaltastewasnotseeninanyoftheAlzheimer'spatients,andthusappearstobespecifictothosewithfrontotemporaldementia.Andotherstudieshaveremarkedonhowfrontotemporal-dementiapatientssometimesgainnewtalents.Fivesuffererswhodevelopedartisticabilitiesareknown.Andinanothercase,onewomanwiththediseasesuddenlystartedcom-posingandsingingcoundivyandwesternsongs.DrFrisonispeculatesthattheillnessiscausingpeopletodevelopanewattitudetowardsnovelexperiences,Previousstudiesofnovelty-seekingbehavioursuggestthatitismanagedbythebrain'srightfrontallobe.Apredominanceoftherightovertheleftfrontallobe,causedbydamagetothelatter,mightthusleadtoaquestfornewexperience.Alternatively,thedamagemayhaveaffectedsomespecificnervoussystemthatisneededtoappreciatecertainkindsofmusic.Whetherthatisagainoralossisadifferentmatter.AsDrFrisoniputsitinhisarticle,thereisnoaccountingfortaste.［单选题］6.ThewriterquotesShakespearemainlyto.A.praisethekeenperceptionofthegreatEnglishwriter.B.supportDr.Frisonistheoryaboutadisease.C.startthediscussiononabraindisease.D.showthelonghistoryofthedisease.参考答案：c参考解析：推理判断题。根据题干中的人名定位到第一段第一句话“WiniamShakespearedescribedoldageas'secondchildishness,一noteeth,noeyes,notaste”，由此可知，莎士比亚把老年阶段比做“第二次孩子气”——没有牙，视力差，失去味觉。接着整篇文章谈论了额颗痴呆症，该病的症状与莎士比亚描述的类似，故可推知，作者引用莎士比亚的一句话只是铺垫，为了引出后文，故答案为c项。Frontotemporaldementia,adiseaseusuallyfoundwitholdpeople,iscaused,asitsnamesuggests,bydamagetothefrontandsidesofthebrain.Theseregionsareconcernedwithspeech,andwithsuch“higher”functionsasabsdivactthinkingandjudgment.TwoofsuchpatientsindiviguedDrFrisoni.Onewasa68-year-oldlawyer,theothera73-year-oldhousewife.Bothhadundamagedmemories,butdisplayedthesortsofdefectassociatedwithfrontotemporaldementia-adiagnosisthatwasconfirmedbybrainscanning.Abouttwoyearsafterhewasfirstdiagnosed,thelawyer,onceaclassicalmusicloverwhore-ferredtopopmusicas“merenoise”,startedlisteningtotheItalianpopband“883”.Ashiscommandoflanguageandhisemotionalattachmentstofriendsandfamilydeteriorated,hecontinuedtolistentothebandatfullvolumeformanyhoursaday.Thehousewifehadnotevenhadthelawyer'sloveofclassicalmusic,havingneverenjoyedmusicofanysortinthepast.Butaboutayearafterherdiagnosisshebecameveryinterestedinthesongsthather11-year-oldgranddaughterwaslisteningto.ThiskindofchangeinmusicaltastewasnotseeninanyoftheAlzheimer'spatients,andthusappearstobespecifictothosewithfrontotemporaldementia.Andotherstudieshaveremarkedonhowfrontotemporal-dementiapatientssometimesgainnewtalents.Fivesuffererswhodevelopedartisticabilitiesareknown.Andinanothercase,onewomanwiththediseasesuddenlystartedcom-posingandsingingcoundivyandwesternsongs.DrFrisonispeculatesthattheillnessiscausingpeopletodevelopanewattitudetowardsnovelexperiences,Previousstudiesofnovelty-seekingbehavioursuggestthatitismanagedbythebrain'srightfrontallobe.Apredominanceoftherightovertheleftfrontallobe,causedbydamagetothelatter,mightthusleadtoaquestfornewexperience.Alternatively,thedamagemayhaveaffectedsomespecificnervoussystemthatisneededtoappreciatecertainkindsofmusic.Whetherthatisagainoralossisadifferentmatter.AsDrFrisoniputsitinhisarticle,thereisnoaccountingfortaste.［单选题］7.Theword“regression”inthe1stparagraphisbestreplacedby.A.backwardmovement.B.uncondivolledinclination.C.rapidadvancement.D.unexpectedrestoration.参考答案：A参考解析：词义猜测题。根据题干信息定位到第一段最后一句“…ifnottoinfancy,thenatleasttoapatient,steens,由此可知，额聂页痴呆症可以在某种程度上引起音乐品味的退化.即便不是退到婴儿期，也至少会退到病人十几岁时，故答案为A项。Frontotemporaldementia,adiseaseusuallyfoundwitholdpeople,iscaused,asitsnamesuggests,bydamagetothefrontandsidesofthebrain.Theseregionsareconcernedwithspeech,andwithsuch“highervfunctionsasabsdivactthinkingandjudgment.TwoofsuchpatientsindiviguedDrFrisoni.Onewasa68-year-oldlawyer,theothera73-year-oldhousewife.Bothhadundamagedmemories,butdisplayedthesortsofdefectassociatedwithfrontotemporaldementia-adiagnosisthatwasconfirmedbybrainscanning.Abouttwoyearsafterhewasfirstdiagnosed,thelawyer,onceaclassicalmusicloverwhore-ferredtopopmusicas“merenoise”，startedlisteningtotheItalianpopband"883”.Ashiscommandoflanguageandhisemotionalattachmentstofriendsandfamilydeteriorated,hecontinuedtolistentothebandatfullvolumeformanyhoursaday.Thehousewifehadnotevenhadthelawyer'sloveofclassicalmusic,havingneverenjoyedmusicofanysortinthepast.Butaboutayearafterherdiagnosisshebecameveryinterestedinthesongsthather11-year—oldgranddaughterwaslisteningto.ThiskindofchangeinmusicaltastewasnotseeninanyoftheAlzheimerspatients,andthusappearstobespecifictothosewithfrontotemporaldementia.Andotherstudieshaveremarkedonhowfrontotemporal-dementiapatientssometimesgainnewtalents.Fivesuffererswhodevelopedartisticabilitiesareknown.Andinanothercase,onewomanwiththediseasesuddenlystartedcom-posingandsingingcoundivyandwesternsongs.DrFrisonispeculatesthattheillnessiscausingpeopletodevelopanewattitudetowardsnovelexperiences,Previousstudiesofnovelty-seekingbehavioursuggestthatitismanagedbythebrain'srightfrontallobe.Apredominanceoftherightovertheleftfrontallobe,causedbydamagetothelatter,mightthusleadtoaquestfornewexperience.Alternatively,thedamagemayhaveaffectedsomespecificnervoussystemthatisneededtoappreciatecertainkindsofmusic.Whetherthatisagainoralossisadifferentmatter.AsDrFrisoniputsitinhisarticle,thereisnoaccountingfortaste.［单选题］8.Aftercondivactingfrontotemporaldementia,the68—year-oldlawyer.becamemoredependentonhisfamily.grewfondofclassicalmusic.C.recoveredfromlanguageincompetence.D.enjoyedloudItalianpopularmusic.参考答案：D参考解析：细节理解题。根据题干信息定位到第四段第一句“…popmusicas'merenoise’,startedlisteningtotheItalianpopband’883’"以及第二句u•••hecontinuedtolistentothebandatfullvolumeformanyhoursaday."，由此可知，在这位68岁的律师本来只热爱古典音乐讨厌流行音乐，患有额颗痴呆症后，却开始听意大利流行乐队“883”的歌，而且把音量放到最大，每天持续听数小时，可知他音乐品味开始退化，现在很享受意大利流行音乐，故答案为D项。Frontotemporaldementia,adiseaseusuallyfoundwitholdpeople,iscaused,asitsnamesuggests,bydamagetothefrontandsidesofthebrain.Theseregionsareconcernedwithspeech,andwithsuch“higher”functionsasabsdivactthinkingandjudgment.TwoofsuchpatientsindiviguedDrFrisoni.Onewasa68-year-oldlawyer,theothera73-year-oldhousewife.Bothhadundamagedmemories,butdisplayedthesortsofdefectassociatedwithfrontotemporaldementia—adiagnosisthatwasconfirmedbybrainscanning.Abouttwoyearsafterhewasfirstdiagnosed,thelawyer,onceaclassicalmusicloverwhore-ferredtopopmusicas“merenoise”,startedlisteningtotheItalianpopband“883”.Ashiscommandoflanguageandhisemotionalattachmentstofriendsandfamilydeteriorated,hecontinuedtolistentothebandatfullvolumeformanyhoursaday.Thehousewifehadnotevenhadthelawyer,sloveofclassicalmusic,havingneverenjoyedmusicofanysortinthepast.Butaboutayearafterherdiagnosisshebecameveryinterestedinthesongsthather11-year-oldgranddaughterwaslisteningto.ThiskindofchangeinmusicaltastewasnotseeninanyoftheAlzheimer'spatients,andthusappearstobespecifictothosewithfrontotemporaldementia.Andotherstudieshaveremarkedonhowfrontotemporal-dementiapatientssometimesgainnewtalents.Fivesuffererswhodevelopedartisticabilitiesareknown.Andinanothercase,onewomanwiththediseasesuddenlystartedcom-posingandsingingcoundivyandwesternsongs.DrFrisonispeculatesthattheillnessiscausingpeopletodevelopanewattitudetowardsnovelexperiences,Previousstudiesofnovelty-seekingbehavioursuggestthatitismanagedbythebrain,srightfrontallobe.Apredominanceoftherightovertheleftfrontallobe,causedbydamagetothelatter,mightthusleadtoaquestfornewexperience.Alternatively,thedamagemayhaveaffectedsomespecificnervoussystemthatisneededtoappreciatecertainkindsofmusic.Whetherthatisagainoralossisadifferentmatter.AsDrFrisoniputsitinhisarticle,thereisnoaccountingfortaste.［单选题］9・Frontotemporaldementiaisadisease.A.identifiedwithlossofmemory.B.causingdamagetocertainpartsofthebrain.C.whosepatientsmaydevelopnewtalents.D.whosesymptomsaresimilartothoseofAlzheimer'spatients.参考答案：c参考解析：细节理解题。根据题干信息定位到第三段第三句"Bothhadundamagedmemories,butdisplayedthesortsofdefect…”,由止匕可矢口，两位额颗痴呆症患者的记忆都没有受损，选项A不符合文意；第二段第一句提至I1Frontotemporaldementia,adiseaseusuallyfoundwitholdpeople,iscaused,asitsnamesuggests,bydamagetothefrontandsidesofthebrain”，即额颍痴呆症是由大脑前部和侧面的损坏引起的,而选项B与文章原意因果颠倒；第五段第一句提到“ThiskindofchangeinmusicaltastewasnotseeninanyoftheAlzheimer'spatients,andthusappearstobespecifictothosewithfrontotemporaldementia”,即阿尔茨海默氏病患并没有出现这种音乐品味的变化，仅仅是那些患有额题痴呆的病患有这样的症状，彼此之间症状有所不同，选项D所述是相反的；第五段第二句提至“Andotherstudieshaveremarkedonhowfrontotemporal一dementiapatientssometimesgainnewtalents.”,由此可知，——些研究表明额颍痴呆症有时候能获得新的才能，故答案为C项。Frontotemporaldementia,adiseaseusuallyfoundwitholdpeople,iscaused,asitsnamesuggests,bydamagetothefrontandsidesofthebrain.Theseregionsareconcernedwithspeech,andwithsuch“higher“functionsasabsdivactthinkingandjudgment.TwoofsuchpatientsindiviguedDrFrisoni.Onewasa68-year-oldlawyer,theothera73-year-oldhousewife.Bothhadundamagedmemories,butdisplayedthesortsofdefectassociatedwithfrontotemporaldementia-adiagnosisthatwasconfirmedbybrainscanning.Abouttwoyearsafterhewasfirstdiagnosed,thelawyer,onceaclassicalmusicloverwhore-ferredtopopmusicasumerenoisev,startedlisteningtotheItalianpopband"883”.Ashiscommandoflanguageandhisemotionalattachmentstofriendsandfamilydeteriorated,hecontinuedtolistentothebandatfullvolumeformanyhoursaday.Thehousewifehadnotevenhadthelawyer'sloveofclassicalmusic,havingneverenjoyedmusicofanysortinthepast.Butaboutayearafterherdiagnosisshebecameveryinterestedinthesongsthather11-year-oldgranddaughterwaslisteningto.ThiskindofchangeinmusicaltastewasnotseeninanyoftheAlzheimer'spatients,andthusappearstobespecifictothosewithfrontotemporaldementia.Andotherstudieshaveremarkedonhowfrontotemporal-dementiapatientssometimesgainnewtalents.Fivesuffererswhodevelopedartisticabilitiesareknown.Andinanothercase,onewomanwiththediseasesuddenlystartedcom-posingandsingingcoundivyandwesternsongs.DrFrisonispeculatesthattheillnessiscausingpeopletodevelopanewattitudetowardsnovelexperiences,Previousstudiesofnovelty-seekingbehavioursuggestthatitismanagedbythebrain'srightfrontallobe.Apredominanceoftherightovertheleftfrontallobe,causedbydamagetothelatter,mightthusleadtoaquestfornewexperience.Alternatively,thedamagemayhaveaffectedsomespecificnervoussystemthatisneededtoappreciatecertainkindsofmusic.Whetherthatisagainoralossisadifferentmatter.AsDrFrisoniputsitinhisarticle,thereisnoaccountingfortaste.［单选题］lO.DrFrisoniadivivibutedthepatients'changingmusictasteto.man'sdesiretoseeknovelexperience.thedamagetotheleftpartofthebrain.theshiftofpredominancefromtherightlobetotheleft.theweakeningofsomepartofthenervoussystem.参考答案：DA.indivoducedA.chanceA.businessA.profitA.indivoducedA.chanceA.businessA.profitA.aboutA.getA.whichA.onA.managedA.beforeA.thatB.persuadedB.lookB.estateB.benefitB.aroundB.takeB.whereB.inB.achievedbyB.muchC.associatedC.measureC.obligationC.successC.toC.workC.hereC.amongC.succeededC.withfarD.stimulatedchoiceD.propertyD.welfareD.fromD.divyD.thereD.along;,D.fulfilledD.roundD.so参考答案：21.Croad道路；path小路，小径；way路；passage通道，过道。这四个词都与道路的含义相近，但只有way可用于固定搭配onone'swayto,表示“在去…的路上”，此句表达的是这艘巡洋舰在返回英国的路上，故答案为C项。Bduring在…期间，当…之时，一般用来表示一个时间范围；for持续达，计，后面常跟具体的时间段，如：forfivemonths；at在…时刻，通常指在某一时间点，如ateighto'clock；since自从之后,要与现在完成时连用，表示自过去的某个时间之后。由句意“这艘巡洋舰三十九年以来就一直沉于海底”可知，后面是具体的时间段，此处需要一个表示时间段的介词，只有for符合要求，故答案为B项。Dfind找到；discover发现；dive潜水；reach到达。由上文可知，此处想要表达的是潜水员无法到达如此深的地方，toodeepfordiverstoreach意为“（沉船的位置）太深以至于潜水员无法到达”，故答案为D项。Awreck沉船，遇难船；ruin废墟，遗迹；relic遗体，遗物；waste荒原，荒芜之地。前文提到，英国皇家海军“爱丁堡号”巡洋舰于1942年在巴伦支海沉没，英国不允许用爆破的方法，由此可推断出该句中六十具船员的尸骸所在的位置应在沉船内，故答案为选A项。Calthough尽管，虽然；unless除非；as由于，因为；if如果。根据下文“他无法独自承担搜索所需的四百万英镑”“不得不寻找愿意承担风险的人”可知，前面无法承担费用是他不得不寻找愿意承担风险的人的原因，故这里需要表示原因的连接词，故C项正确。Dresearch研究，探讨；operation操作；movement移动；search搜索，探查。由全文可知，这次采用新的潜水技术寻找黄金是一次搜索任务，只有search符合文意，故答案为D项。Awilling愿意的；lucky幸运的；committed忠诚的，坚定的；engaged忙的，从事的。固定用法bewillingtodosth.表示“愿意做某事”，此处表达的是愿意承担风险的人，故答案为A项。参考解析：细节理解题。该题使用排除法。最后一段第三句和第四句提到“Apredominanceoftherightovertheleftfrontallobe,•••appreciatecertainkindsofmusic”，即由于左侧额叶的损伤，右侧额叶会占据主导地位，这样导致了对新体验的追求。或者，左侧额叶的损伤可能会影响到一些控制音乐品味的特定的神经系统。所以可知，作者该变化归结为左侧额叶受损所导致一些控制音乐品味的特定神经系统的损坏。选项A“人们追求新体验的渴望”并不是患者音乐品味变化的原因，而是患者的表现；选项B将原因归结为大脑左半边的损坏，而文章说的是左侧额叶受损；选项C将原因归结为占主导地位的由右侧额叶转为左侧额叶，文中并没有指出刚开始是右侧额叶占主导地位，曲解文意，A、B、C三项均不符合文意，故答案为D项。Text3Who'stoblame?ThedivailofresponsibilitygoesbeyondpoormaintenanceofBritishrailways,sayindusdivycritics.Stingygovernments—bothLaborandTory—havecutdownoninvestmentsindivainsandrails.Inthemid-1990saConservativegovernmentpushedthroughthesaleoftheentiresubsidy-guzzlingrailnetwork.Operatingfranchiseswereparceledoutamongprivatecompaniesandaseparatefirm,Raildivack,wasawardedownershipofthedivacksandstations.Inthefuture,thetheoryranbackthen,theprivatesectorcouldpayforanyimprovements—withalittlehelpfromthestate—andtaketheblameforanyfailings.Todaysurveysshowthatdivavelersbelieveprivatizationisoneofthereasonsfortherailways'sfailures.Theyaskwhetherthepursuitofprofitsiscompatiblewithguaranteeingsafety.Worse,splittingthenetworkbetweencompanieshasmadecoordinationnearlyimpossible."Therailwaywastomapartatprivatizationandthesdivucturethatwasputinplacewas..,designed,ifwearehonest,tomaximizetheproceedstotheTreasury,“saidRaildivackbossGeraldCorbettbeforeresigninglastmonthinthewakeoftheHatfieldcrash.Generally,thecondivastswithmainlandEuropearestark.OverthepastfewdecadestheGermans,FrenchandItalianshaveinvested50percentmorethantheBritishindivansportationinfrasdivucturc.Asaresult,awebofhigh-speeddivainsnowcrisscrosstheContinent,fundedbygovernmentswillingtocommitstatefundstomajorcapitalprojects.Spainiscurrentlyplanning1,000milesofnewhigh-speeddivack.InFrancesuperfastdivainsalreadyshuttlebetweenallmajorcities,oftenondedicatedlines.AndinBritain?WhentheEurostardivainsthatlinkParis,LondonandBrusselsemergefromtheChannelTunnelontoBritishsoilandjointhecrowdedlocalnetwork,theymustslowdownfrom186mphtoamaximumof100mph一andtheyusuallyhavetogoevenslower.Foronce,thegovernmentislistening.Afterall,commutersarevoters,too.Inapre-votespendingspree,thegovernmenthascommitteditselftohugeinvestmentindivansportation,aswellaseducationandthepublichealthservice.Overthenext10years,therailwaysshouldgetanexdiva£60billion,partlythroughhighersubsidiestotheprivatecompa