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Investmentdecision:投资决策Financingdecision:筹资决策Capitalbudegtingdecision:资本预算决策Tangibleassets:有形资产Intangibleassets:无形资产Debtfinancing:债务资金、债务筹资Equityfinancing:权益资金、权益筹资Capitalstructure:资本结构Corporation:公司Stockholder/shareholder:股东financialstatements:财务报表Shareholders:股东Stakeholders:利益相关者Profitmaximization:利润最大化Principal:委托人Agencyproblem:代理问题Creditor:债权人Takeover:接管Financialinstitutions:金融机构Financialsystem:金融系统Intermediary:中介Realassets:实物资产Stockmarket:股票市场Primarymarket:初级市场Secondarymarket:二级市场Bondmarket:债券市场Capitalmarket:资本市场Moneymarket:货币市场Options:期权Derivatives:衍生金融工具Risk-averse:风险厌恶型Risk-tolerant:风险容忍型Costofcapital:资本成本Superiorrateofreturn:超额收益率Expectedrateofreturn:期望收益率Opportunitycost:机会成本Corporatebond:公司债Futurevalue:终值、未来价值Compoundinterest:复利Simpleinterest:单利Presentvalue:现值Discountedcashflow:折现现金流Discountedrate:折现率、贴现率Discountedfactor:折现系数Common-sizeincomestatement:共同尺度利润表、百分率利润表Balancesheet:资产负债表Common-sizebalancesheet:共同尺度资产负债表Leverageratios:负债比率、杠杆比率Financialleverage:财务杠杆Long-termdebtratio:长期负债比率Long-termdebt-equityratio:长期债务权益比Totaldebtratio:资产负债率Timesinterestearnedratio:已获利息倍数Cashcoverageratio:现金流偿债能力比率Liquidityratio:变现能力比率Networkingcapitaltototalassetsratio:净营运资本占总资产比Currentratio:流动比率Quick(oracid-test)ratio:速动比率或酸性测试比率Cashratio:现金比率Marketablesecurities:有价证券Assetturnoverratio:资产周转率Averagecollectionperiod:平均收账期Inventoryturnoverratio:存货周转率Profitabilityratios:盈利能力比率Profitmargin:销售净利率、利润边际Operatingprofitmargin:营业利润率Returnonassets(ROA):总资产收益率Returnonequity(ROE):净资产收益率Payoutratio:股利支付率Plowbackratio:留存收益率Long-termdebtratio:长期负债比率Long-termdebt-equityratio:长期债务权益比Totaldebtratio:资产负债率Timesinterestearnedratio:已获利息倍数Interestcoverration:利息保障倍数Cashcoverageratio:现金流偿债能力比率DuPontsystem:杜邦财务分析体系ROA:总资产收益率ROE:净资产收益率Creditor债权人Deflation通货紧缩Expenses费用Financialstatement财务报表Financialactivities筹资活动Liabilities负债Negativecashflow负现金流量Operatingactivities经营活动Ownersequity所有者权益Partnership合伙企业Positivecashflow正现金流量Retainedearning留存利润Revenue收入Soleproprietorship独资企业Solvency清偿能力财会名词汉英对照表(1)会计与会计理论会计accounting决策人DecisionMaker投资人Investor股东Shareholder债权人Creditor流动资产Currentassets流动负债CurrentLiabilities长期负债Long-termLiabilities投入资本ContributedCapital留存收益RetainedEarning----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------应收帐款Accountreceivable应收票据Notereceivable起运点交货价F.O.Bshippingpoint目的地交货价F.O.Bdestinationpoint商业折扣Tradediscount现金折扣Cashdiscount销售退回及折让Salesreturnandallowance坏帐费用Baddebtexpense备抵法Allowancemethod备抵坏帐Baddebtallowance出票人Maker受款人Payee本金Principal利息率Interestrate到期日Maturitydate本票Promissorynote贴现Discount背书Endorse拒付费Protestfee------------------------------------------------------------(4)存货存货Inventory商品存货Merchandiseinventory产成品存货Finishedgoodsinventory在产品存货Workinprocessinventory原材料存货Rawmaterialsinventory市价Marketvalue重置成本Replacementcost可变现净值Netrealizablevalue上限Upperlimit下限Lowerlimit毛利法Grossmarginmethod零售价格法Retailmethod成本率Costratio------------------------------------------------------------(5)长期投资长期投资Long-terminvestment长期股票投资Investmentonstocks长期债券投资Investmentonbonds成本法Costmethod权益法Equitymethod合并法Consolidationmethod股利宣布日Declarationdate股权登记日Dateofrecord除息日Ex-dividenddate付息日Paymentdate债券面值Facevalue,Parvalue债券折价Discountonbonds债券溢价Premiumonbonds票面利率Contractinterestrate,statedrate市场利率Marketinterestratio,Effectiverate普通股CommonStock优先股PreferredStock现金股利Cashdividends股票股利Stockdividends清算股利Liquidatingdividends到期日Maturitydate到期值Maturityvalue---------------------------------------------------------(6)固定资产固定资产PlantassetsorFixedassets原值Originalvalue预计使用年限Expectedusefullife预计残?nbsp;Estimatedresidualvalue折旧费用Depreciationexpense累计折旧Accumulateddepreciation帐面价值Carryingvalue应提折旧成本Depreciationcost净值Netvalue在建工程Construction-in-process磨损Wearandtear过时Obsolescence直线法Straight-linemethod(SL)工作量法Units-of-productionmethod(UOP)加速折旧法Accelerateddepreciationmethod双倍余额递减法Double-decliningbalancemethod(DDB)年数总和法Sum-of-the-years-digitsmethod(SYD)以旧换新Tradein经营租赁Operatinglease融资租赁Capitallease廉价购买权Bargainpurchaseoption(BPO)资产负债表外筹资Off-balance-sheetfinancing最低租赁付款额Minimumleasepayments--------------------------------------------------------(7)无形资产无形资产Intangibleassets专利权Patents商标权Trademarks,Tradenames著作权Copyrights特许权或专营权Franchises商誉Goodwill开办费Organizationcost租赁权Leasehold摊销Amortization--------------------------------------------------------(8)流动负债负债Liability流动负债Currentliability应付帐款Accountpayable应付票据Notespayable贴现票据Discountnotes长期负债一年内到期部分Currentmaturitiesoflong-termliabilities应付股利Dividendspayable预收收益Prepaymentsbycustomers存入保证金Refundabledeposits应付费用Accrualexpense增值税valueaddedtax营业税Businesstax应付所得税Incometaxpayable应付奖金Bonusespayable产品质量担保负债Estimatedliabilitiesunderproductwarranties赠品和兑换券Premiums,couponsandtradingstamps或有事项Contingency或有负债Contingent或有损失Losscontingencies或有利得Gaincontingencies永久性差异Permanentdifference时间性差异Timingdifference应付税款法Taxespayablemethod------------------------------------------------------------(9)长期负债长期负债Long-termLiabilities应付公司债券Bondspayable有担保品的公司债券SecuredBonds抵押公司债券MortgageBonds保证公司债券GuaranteedBonds信用公司债券DebentureBonds一次还本公司债券TermBonds分期还本公司债券SerialBonds可转换公司债券ConvertibleBonds可赎回公司债券CallableBonds可要求公司债券RedeemableBonds记名公司债券RegisteredBonds无记名公司债券CouponBonds普通公司债券OrdinaryBonds收益公司债券IncomeBonds名义利率,票面利率Nominalrate实际利率Actualrate有效利率Effectiverate溢价Premium折价Discount面值Parvalue直线法Straight-linemethod实际利率法Effectiveinterestmethod到期直接偿付Repaymentatmaturity提前偿付Repaymentatadvance偿债基金Sinkingfund长期应付票据Long-termnotespayable抵押借款Mortgageloan--------------------------------------------------(10)业主权益权益Equity业主权益Ownersequity股东权益Stockholdersequity投入资本Contributedcapital缴入资本Paid-incapital股本Capitalstock资本公积Capitalsurplus留存收益Retainedearnings核定股本Authorizedcapitalstock实收资本Issuedcapitalstock发行在外股本Outstandingcapitalstock库藏股Treasurystock普通股Commonstock优先股Preferredstock累积优先股Cumulativepreferredstock非累积优先股Noncumulativepreferredstock完全参加优先股Fullyparticipatingpreferredstock部分参加优先股Partiallyparticipatingpreferredstock非部分参加优先股Nonpartiallyparticipatingpreferredstock现金发行Issuanceforcash非现金发行Issuancefornoncashconsideration股票的合并发行Lump-sumsalesofstock发行成本Issuancecost成本法Costmethod面值法Parvaluemethod捐赠资本Donatedcapital盈余分配Distributionofearnings股利Dividend股利政策Dividendpolicy宣布日Dateofdeclaration股权登记日Dateofrecord除息日Ex-dividenddate股利支付日Dateofpayment现金股利Cashdividend股票股利Stockdividend拨款appropriation-----------------------------------------------------------(12)财务状况变动表财务状况变动表中的现金基础SCFP.CashBasis(现金流量表)财务状况变动表中的营运资金基础SCFP.WorkingCapitalBasis(资金来源与运用表)营运资金WorkingCapital全部资源概念All-resourcesconcept直接:)业务Directexchanges正常营业活动Normaloperatingactivities财务活动Financingactivities投资活动Investingactivities-----------------------------------------------------------(13

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