2022-2023学年海南省高三上学期大联考英语试题（原卷版+解析版无听力音频及听力原文）

第第页2022-2023学年海南省高三上学期大联考英语试题（原卷版+解析版，无听力音频及听力原文）海南省2022—2023学年高三学业水平诊断（一）

英语

考生注意：

1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt

A.19.15.B.9.18.C.9.15.

答案是C。

1.Howsoonwillthematchbegin

A.In10minutes.B.In20minutes.C.In30minutes.

2.Whatisthewoman’sgrannylike

A.Helpful.B.Outgoing.C.Strict.

3.What’swrongwiththewoman’sson

A.Hehasacold.B.Hehasaheadache.C.Hehasafever.

4.Whydidthemanleavetheparty

A.Hewastooshy.B.Hehadsomethingurgenttodo.C.Hewasannoyedbystrangers.

5.Whatdoesthemanusuallydointhemorningatweekends

A.Heusuallygoesshopping.B.Heusuallyvisitsfriends.C.Heusuallydoeshousework.

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Whenwilltheshowstarttomorrow

A.At3:15p.m.B.At3:45p.m.C.At4:15p.m.

7.Howmuchshouldthewomanpay

A.5dollars.B.10dollars.C.15dollars.

听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8.Howoftendoesthewomanplaytennis

A.Twiceaweek.B.Threetimesaweek.C.Seldom.

9.Whatsportdoesthemanprefer

A.Tabletennis.B.Volleyball.C.Basketball.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10.WhydoesShirleycometoMike’shome

A.TointroducethecommunitytoMike.

B.TobringMikeasmallgift.

C.ToinviteMiketojoininthecommunityevents.

11WhatisMikeworriedabout

A.Thecarelessnessofthesafetyguardshere.

B.Theinconvenienceofdoingshopping.

C.Thesafetyofthecommunity.

12.WhatwillMikedothedayaftertomorrow

A.HavedinnerwithShirley.

B.Attendapartyinthecommunity.

C.DosomeshoppingwithShirley.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13.WhogaveKeriabook

A.Herparent.B.Heruncle.C.Heraunt.

14.HowdoesKerigotowork

A.Bybus.B.Bycar.C.Bytrain.

15.WhendoesKerireadbooks

A.Onthewayhomefromwork.B.Intheafternoon.C.Ontheweekends.

16.WhatdoweknowaboutKerifromtheconversation

A.Sheoftenhelpsotherpeople.B.Shehasseveralfavoriteauthors.C.Sheseldomgoestothelibrary.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.Whatdoweknowaboutthespeaker’sapartment

A.ItwasacrossfromtheBrooklynBridge.

B.ItwasnearColumbiaUniversity.

C.ItwasnextdoortotheRedRooster.

18.WhatdidJennythinkoftheStatueofLiberty

A.Itwasn’tasbigasshe’dthought.B.Itwasthebestpartofthetrip.C.Itwasimpressive.

19.Wheremightthespeakergoonvacationnexttime

A.Thailand.B.Italy.C.America.

20.Whatisthespeakertalkingabout

A.HertriptoNewYork.B.Herwarm-heartedroommate.C.Herplanforthesummervacation.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

BlueGrotto,Italy

Despiteitsname,itisactuallynotagrotto(洞穴)butaseacave,about60mlong.Whatmakesitoneofthemostbeautifulcavesintheworldisthebluecolor,asitsnamesuggests.Whenyouenterinside,youcanseeitisfilledwithweirdbluelight.Thiscolorisformedbytheuniquecombinationoftherocks,theentrance,theclearwaterandthewholeshape.Infact,youcan’tidentifywherethesourceofthebluelightis.

SonDoongCave,Vietnam

Thisisknownasthelargestcaveintheworld,notbecauseofitslength—infact,itisjustabout5kmlong.Butitssizecomesfromitsenormouspassagesandcaves,reaching200minheight.Inaddition,thereisanundergroundriver,makingthecaveevenmoreimpressive.

MarbleCaves,Chile

Locatedfarfromanyroad,thecavesareaccessibleonlybyboat.Thisisthemostbeautifulcavestructureintheworld,inwhichcrystalclearwaterisliterallylightenedbydazzling(使目眩)blueicewalls.Amagical,fabulous,unrealandalmostunearthlysight!ThecavesarebestseenfromSeptembertoFebruaryandearlierinthemorningwhenthesunlightstreamsinside.

ReedFluteCaveChina

Itsnamecomesfromthereedsbesideitsentrancethathavebeenusedformakingflutes(长笛).Itisnottoolongandnottoodeep-onlyabout500minlength.Whatmakesthiscavemorespecialisthehistory.Ithasbeenknownsinceancienttimes.Andwhenyouenterinside,youcanseealotofinscriptions(碑文)datingbacktomedievaltimes,startingfromthetimesoftheTangDynasty(around792AD).

1.WhatisBlueGrottomostfamousfor

A.Itslonghistory.B.Itsstrangeshape.C.Itsclearwater.D.Itsamazingcolor.

2.WhenarethevisitorsadvisedtovisitMarbleCaves

A.AtnooninMarch.B.AtnightinOctober.

C.AtsunriseinDecember.D.InthemorninginAugust.

3.Whichisthelargestcaveofthefour

A.TheBlueGrotto.B.SonDoongCave.

C.MarbleCaves.D.ReedFluteCave.

【答案】1.D2.C3.B

【解析】

【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了四个著名的观赏洞穴。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据BlueGrotto,Italy部分的“Whatmakesitoneofthemostbeautifulcavesintheworldisthebluecolor,asitsnamesuggests.Whenyouenterinside,youcanseeitisfilledwithweirdbluelight.Thiscolorisformedbytheuniquecombinationoftherocks,theentrance,theclearwaterandthewholeshape.(它之所以成为世界上最美丽的洞穴之一，是因为它的蓝色，正如它的名字所示。当你进去的时候，你可以看到里面充满了奇怪的蓝光。这种颜色是由岩石、入口、清澈的水和整体形状的独特组合而成的)”可知，BlueGrotto最著名的是它令人惊异的颜色。故选D。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据MarbleCaves,Chile部分的“ThecavesarebestseenfromSeptembertoFebruaryandearlierinthemorningwhenthesunlightstreamsinside.(洞窟的最佳观赏时间是9月到2月，清晨阳光照射进来的时候)”可知，参观MarbleCaves的最佳时间是9月到2月，以及清晨有阳光时。结合选项可知，12月太阳升起时是参观的最佳时间。故选C。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据SonDoongCave,Vietnam部分“Thisisknownasthelargestcaveintheworld,notbecauseofitslength—infact,itisjustabout5kmlong.(它被称为世界上最大的洞穴，不是因为它的长度——事实上，它只有大约5公里长)”可知，最大的洞穴是SonDoongCave。故选B。

B

Acouple,LibbyGreenandMarcelGnauk,liketravellingandsharingtheirtravelexperiencesonlinehasbecomepartoftheirroutine.

Libbyisskilledatusingacamera.Buttheystruggledtofindafocus.Then,inCambodia,Libbyfilmedsomebirdstakingflightthatshewantedtouseinafilm.Butshecouldn’tcapture(捕获)thesoundoftheirwingbeats.

TheylookedontheInternet,searchingsoundlibraries,butcouldn’tfindanythingappropriate.So,Marceltooka$100audiorecorder,andwentsearchingforthemissingsoundtorecord.Hedidn’tfindanybirds,buthedidmanagetochangetheirfuturewithit.

Marcelturnedtherecorderoninasmallconstructionzone,listeningthroughacheapsetofheadphones.Hewasawednotjustbythesoundsofconstruction,butaman’ssinging,andmotorcyclespassingby.

“Itwasjustlikethesoundwasfallingintomyheadfromallsides,”saysMarcel.“Everythingbecamealive,andfromthatdayuntilnowIhaveneverstoppedrecording.”

Inthesixyearssincethatfirstrecording,thecouplehavecapturedsoundsinmorethan25countries.

LibbyshootsandeditstheirYouTubevideos,andmanagestheirwebsite.Marceldoesmostofthesoundrecordingandediting,aswellasthesocialmediapostings.Throughtheirwebsite,theyoffer500freesoundlibraries.Ofthese,145arefreetodownload.

Libbyhadaddedadonationbuttontotheirwebsite,andaHollywoodpost-productioncreativehaddonatedafewdollars.ItwasthenthatMarcelrealizedotherssharedapassionforsound,andwerewillingtopayforit.

“Wewantedtobeasourcethat’saffordableforalltypesofpeopletodownloadthesoundsandwe’restillexcitedtotraveltonewplacesandrecordnewsounds,”saysLibby.

4.Whatchangedthecouple’slifedirection

A.Acamera.B.Afilm.C.Alibrary.D.Arecorder.

5.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“awed”inparagraph4

A.attractedB.cheatedC.confusedD.awoken

6.Howarethecouplecontributingtotheworld

A.Theyareprovidingsomefreeresourcesonline.B.Theyarestudyingthechangeofbirdsounds.

C.Theyarebuildingfreelibrariesinpoorareas.D.TheyareadvocatingdonationsforCambodians.

7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext

A.SharingLoveB.ACaringCouple

C.APassionforSoundsD.RecordingGoodLife

【答案】4.D5.A6.A7.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是LibbyGreen和MarcelGnauk夫妇喜欢录制声音，并在超过25个国家录制各种声音的故事。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段的“So,Marceltooka$100audiorecorder,andwentsearchingforthemissingsoundtorecord.Hedidn’tfindanybirds,buthedidmanagetochangetheirfuturewithit.(所以，马塞尔拿了一个价值100美元的录音机，去寻找丢失的声音来录音。他没有找到任何鸟，但他确实设法用它改变了他们的未来。)”可知，一个录音机改变了这对夫妇的生活方向。故选D。

【5题详解】

词句猜测题。根据第四段的“notjustbythesoundsofconstruction,butaman’ssinging,andmotorcyclespassingby(不仅仅是被建筑的声音，还有一个男人的歌声，还有摩托车的驶过)”和第五段的““Itwasjustlikethesoundwasfallingintomyheadfromallsides,”saysMarcel.“Everythingbecamealive,andfromthatdayuntilnowIhaveneverstoppedrecording.”(马塞尔说：“就像声音从四面八方落在我的脑海里。”“一切都变得鲜活起来，从那天起直到现在，我从未停止过录音。”)”可知，他对建筑的声音，男人的声音和摩托车驶过的声音感到惊叹，也就是被吸引，划线词awe的意思是“使惊叹，吸引”，和attract意思相近。故选A。

【6题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的“Throughtheirwebsite,theyoffer500freesoundlibraries.Ofthese,145arefreetodownload.(通过他们的网站，他们提供500个免费的声音库。其中有145个是免费下载的。)”可知，这对夫妇对世界的贡献是他们在网上提供了一些免费的资源。故选A。

【7题详解】

主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第五段的““Itwasjustlikethesoundwasfallingintomyheadfromallsides,”saysMarcel.“Everythingbecamealive,andfromthatdayuntilnowIhaveneverstoppedrecording.”(马塞尔说：“就像声音从四面八方落在我的脑海里。”“一切都变得鲜活起来，从那天起直到现在，我从未停止过录音。”)”和第六段的“Inthesixyearssincethatfirstrecording,thecouplehavecapturedsoundsinmorethan25countries.(自第一次录制以来的六年里，这对夫妇已经在超过25个国家捕捉到了声音。)”可知，本文主要讲的是LibbyGreen和MarcelGnauk夫妇喜欢录制声音，并在超过25个国家录制各种声音的故事，因此恰当的标题是C选项“APassionforSounds(对声音的热情)”。故选C。

C

SanFrancisco’spublicgarbagecanshavelongoutlivedtheirlifespan(寿命)andneedtobereplaced.However,thecurrentdesignisnotenoughforthecity’slargepopulationandtheincreasingnumberoftourists.Thegarbagecansalsogetmessedupbythehomeless.Toaddresstheissues,in2023,SanFranciscoPublicWorksofficialssetoutinsearchofaperfectgarbagecan.Thisprovedharderthantheyhadthought.

Theofficialshadafewcriteriainmind.Theidealgarbagecanhadtobedurable(耐用的)andeasytoempty.Itwouldalsohaveabuilt-insensor(传感器)tosendwarningswhenfull,costbetween$2,000to$3,000apiece,and,mostimportantly,lookgood!Afteranextensivesearchfailedtofindasuitableoff-the-shelfreplacement,thecommitteeaskedlocalfirmstodesigncustomizedgarbagecans.

Thefour-yearexplorationendedonJuly18,2022,withthreeselections.Theyincludethe“SlimSilhouette”“Salt&Pepper”and“SoftSquare”.Sincenoneofthemmeetalltherequiredcriteria,theofficialshaveturnedtothecity’sresidentsforhelp.

Thecustomizedcansandthreenewoff-the-shelfoptionshavebeenplacedacrossSanFranciscofora60-daytrial.ResidentscanscantheQRcodesonthecansandprovideopinionsontheiruseexperience.Alocationmapofeachoptionisincludedattheendofthesurvey.Themostpopulargarbagecanwillbepublicizedafterthetrialendsinmid-September.

Thetimespentontheprojectandthecostofthethreecustomizedgarbagecans—whichrangedbetween$11,000to$20,900apiece—havedrawncriticismfromthecity’sretiredofficialMattHaney.

“TheideathatSanFranciscoissouniquethatweneedaseparategarbagecanfromanyoneusedinanycityaroundtheworldislaughable,”Haneysaid.“It’ssomethingthatreflectsabroaderanddeeperbrokennessofcitygovernmentandtheservicesitprovides.”

However,BethRubenstein,directorofpolicyandcommunicationsatSanFranciscoPublicWorks,believestheirresearchwillbenefitcitiesacrosstheUS.

8.Whatisparagraph1mainlyabout

A.Thelocaltourismindustry.B.Theoriginofgarbagecans.

C.Theproblemsfacedbythecity.D.Thecity’spoorenvironment.

9.Whataspectofthegarbagecanisstressedmost

A.Thefunction.B.Theappearance.C.Thematerial.D.Thecost.

10.Whatdidtheofficialsasktheresidentstodo

A.Takegoodcareofthenewgarbagecans.B.Makeimprovementstothenewgarbagecans.

C.Checknewcriteriaforthenewgarbagecans.D.Givetheiropinionsonthenewgarbagecans.

11.WhatdoesHaneythinkabouttheeffortofdesigningnewgarbagecans

A.Rewarding.B.Meaningless.C.Misleading..D.Efficient.

【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.B

【解析】

【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章讲述旧金山这所城市更换旧的垃圾桶，换新的垃圾桶所做的努力。

【8题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第一段内容“SanFrancisco’spublicgarbagecanshavelongoutlivedtheirlifespan(寿命)andneedtobereplaced.However,thecurrentdesignisnotenoughforthecity’slargepopulationandtheincreasingnumberoftourists.Thegarbagecansalsogetmessedupbythehomeless.Toaddresstheissues,in2023,SanFranciscoPublicWorksofficialssetoutinsearchofaperfectgarbagecan.Thisprovedharderthantheyhadthought.(旧金山的公共垃圾桶已经超过了它们的使用寿命，需要更换。然而，目前的设计不足以满足城市庞大的人口和越来越多的游客。垃圾桶也会被无家可归的人弄乱。为了解决这些问题，2023年，旧金山公共工程官员开始寻找一个完美的垃圾桶。事实证明，这比他们想象的要困难)”可知，第一段主要讲述了旧金山这座城市面临的问题，旧的垃圾桶需要更换，但是旧的设计不能满足需要，找到一个完美的垃圾桶又不容易，即第一段讲述了这座城市面临的问题。故选C。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段的“Theofficialshadafewcriteriainmind.Theidealgarbagecanhadtobedurable(耐用的)andeasytoempty.Itwouldalsohaveabuilt-insensor(传感器)tosendwarningswhenfull,costbetween$2,000to$3,000apiece,and,mostimportantly,lookgood!(官员们心中有几个标准。理想的垃圾桶必须耐用且易于清空。它还将有一个内置的传感器，可以在满时发出警告，每件的价格在2000到3000美元之间，最重要的是，它看起来很漂亮!)”可知，垃圾桶最重要的是外表漂亮。故选B。

【10题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段的“Thecustomizedcansandthreenewoff-the-shelfoptionshavebeenplacedacrossSanFranciscofora60-daytrial.ResidentscanscantheQRcodesonthecansandprovideopinionsontheiruseexperience.(定制桶和三种新的现成选择已经在旧金山进行了为期60天的试用。居民可以扫描垃圾桶上的二维码，并提供他们的使用体验意见)”可知，官员们请居民给出关于新的垃圾桶的使用意见。故选D。

【11题详解】

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的““TheideathatSanFranciscoissouniquethatweneedaseparategarbagecanfromanyoneusedinanycityaroundtheworldislaughable,”Haneysaid.“It’ssomethingthatreflectsabroaderanddeeperbrokennessofcitygovernmentandtheservicesitprovides.”(“旧金山是如此独特，以至于我们需要一个与世界上任何城市使用的垃圾桶不同的垃圾桶，这种想法是可笑的，”哈尼说。“这反映出市政府及其提供的服务存在更广泛、更深层次的缺陷。”)”可推断，哈尼认为设计新的垃圾桶的努力是没有意义的。故选B。

D

Manyharmlessspeciescancopyaharmfulonetoescapefromtheirenemies.Butmostrecordedexamplesofthephenomenaarevisual.Forinstance,theharmlesskingsnakeshaveevolved(进化)tolooklikeapoisonousspecies,whiletheflower-lovingflieshaveadoptedtheappearanceofwasps(黄蜂).Now,forthefirsttime,researchersfoundbatscouldcopytoo.However,whattheycopyissound.

DaniloRussofirstfoundoutbats’talentwhileworkingonhisreportonbats.“Inoticedthatwhenwetookthebatsoutofthenetorprocessedthem,theybuzzed(嗡嗡叫)likewasps,”hesaid.

Later,Russoandhisteamsetouttoinvestigateifthesoundhappenedbychanceorwasawaytofrightenenemies.Theresearchersrecordedthebuzzingcriesofthebatswhentheywerebeingcaught.Theythencomparedthesoundstothoseoftwowaspsandtwobees.Thesimilaritiesinthesoundsconvincedthescientiststhebatswerecopyingtheinsectstoscareoffenemies.

Russoandhisteamtestedtheirtheoryoneightowls(猫头鹰).Halfofthemwerewild,whiletherestwereraisedathome.Whenthescientistsplayednormalbatsounds,alltheowlsflewtowardthespeakerinsearchoffood.However,thebirdsinstantlyflewawaywhenexposedtothebat’sbee-likebuzzing.

Theresearchersobservedthatthewildbirdsshowedgreaterfearthantheonesbroughtupathome.Thisindicatedthattheowlshadpreviouslybeenhurtbytheinsectsandknewtoclearawaywhentheyheardthebuzzing.

ButbehavioralecologistMatthewBulbertisn’tconvincedthisisacaseofcopying.Hearguesthatowlsmeetstinging(蜇人的)insectsandbatsindifferentcircumstances—theformer,whentheyareresting,andthelatter,whentheyareactivelyhuntingforfood.Therefore,itisunlikelythattheowlsarefooled.Instead,Bulbertbelievesthebuzzingjustsurprisestheowlssuddenly,increasingthebats’chancesofescapingbeingcaught.

12.Whatdoflower-lovingfliesandkingsnakeshaveincommon

A.Theycopythebuzzingofwasps.B.Theycanbothpretendtobeharmless.

C.Theycopyafeatureofaharmfulspecies.D.Theycantakeontheirenemies’visualfeature.

13.WhatisthepurposeoftheexperimentinParagraph3

A.Toshowbats’waystoescape.B.Tofindoutthetruthofbats’buzzing.

C.Toprovebatscanmakesoundslikebees.D.Tocomparethesoundsofdifferentbats.

14.Howmightthewildowlsfeelwhenhearingthebats’bee-likebuzzingaccordingtotheresearchers

A.Frightened.B.Excited.C.Uninterested.D.Confused.

15.WhatcanweinferfromMatthewBulbert’swords

A.Owlsareascleverasbats.B.Restingbatsareeasiertocatch.

C.Waspsandbatsliveinthesameplace.D.Buzzingfrombatsisameansofself-protection.

【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。自然界很多无伤害力的物种会模仿有伤害力的物种以摆脱敌人，但蝙蝠模仿的却是声音，对此研究人员进行了调查研究。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Manyharmlessspeciescancopyaharmfulonetoescapefromtheirenemies.(许多无伤害力的物种可以模仿有伤害力的物种来逃离它们的敌人)”和“Forinstance,theharmlesskingsnakeshaveevolved(进化)tolooklikeapoisonousspecies,whiletheflower-lovingflieshaveadoptedtheappearanceofwasps(黄蜂).(例如，无害的王蛇已经进化得看起来像一种有毒的物种，而爱花的苍蝇则采用了黄蜂的外表)”可知，王蛇和爱花的苍蝇都模仿了某种有伤害力的物种的一个特征。故选C。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段首句“Later,Russoandhisteamsetouttoinvestigateifthesoundhappenedbychanceorwasawaytofrightenenemies.(后来，Russo和他的团队开始调查这种声音是偶然情况，还是用来吓唬敌人的一种方式)”可知，此句为本段主旨句，做这项实验是为了弄清楚蝙蝠发出类似黄蜂嗡嗡声的真相。故选B。

【14题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Theresearchersobservedthatthewildbirdsshowedgreaterfearthantheonesbroughtupathome.(研究人员观察到，野生鸟比家养鸟类表现出更大的恐惧)”可知，听到蝙蝠像黄蜂般嗡嗡的声音，野生的猫头鹰感到害怕。故选A。

15题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Instead,Bulbertbelievesthebuzzingjustsurprisestheowlssuddenly,increasingthebats’chancesofescapingbeingcaught.(相反，Bulbert认为，嗡嗡声只是突然让猫头鹰受惊，增加了蝙蝠逃脱被抓的机会)”可知，蝙蝠发出类似黄蜂的嗡嗡声会让猫头鹰受惊，从而抓住机会逃脱。由此推知，这是蝙蝠自我保护的一种手段。故选D。

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Peoplespendaboutathirdoftheirlivessleeping.Thatmightsoundliketimeiswastedbutit’snot.Eveninadeepsleepperiod,thebrainisbusy.It’shardatworksortingmemoriesgettingridofharmfulwastesandmore.Thistimeofrestalsohelpsthebodybuildstrongerbones.Well-restedpeopletendtobehappierduringtheday.____16____

Expertsrecommendthatteensgetaboutninehoursofsleepeachnight.Butsurveysshowthatteensaregettinglessandlesssleep.Onlyaboutone-thirdof18-year-oldsnowreportgettingatleastsevenhoursofsleeppernight.____17____Lackofsleephasbeenlinkedtounhealthyeatingandfeelingmoreanxious.Sleep-deprived(缺乏的)peoplealsohavehigherriskoffeelingdepressed,usingalcoholordrugs,orgettingincaraccidents.

____18____Onefactormaybetheschoolstarttime.Aspeoplegothroughtheteenageperiod,theybecomenaturalnightowls.Thisshiftmakestheirsleepcomemosteasilybetween11p.m.and8a.m.ButmostpublicmiddleandhighschoolsintheUnitedStatesstartbefore8:30a.m.Anotherreasonforteens’widespreadsleepshortagemaybescreens.Surveydatafrom370,000U.S.teenshasshownanincreaseintradingsleepforscreentime.____19____Thelightgivenoffbyphonesorcomputersmakesthebrainresistsleepiness.That’sbecausethelightcontainsbluewavelengthsalsofoundinsunlight.Thistricksthebrainintothinkingit’sdaytime.

Researchsuggeststhatpeoplewhousescreensinbedhaveahardertimefallingasleep.Surelynewscreentechnologycouldlessenthateffect.____20____Yourbodyandbrainwillthankyou.

A.Andthatisaproblem.

B.Therearemanyreasonsfortheirchoice.

C.Plustheytendtodealwithstressbetter.

D.Butexpertssuggestputtingawayelectronicsatleast30minutesbeforebed.

E.However,themajorityofthemarestillfullofenergy.

F.It’shardtosayexactlywhyteenshavebecomemoresleep-deprived.

G.Butlosingsleeptoscreensisn’tjustamatterofchoosingtostayuplate.

【答案】16.C17.A18.F19.G20.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了睡眠对人的影响以及造成睡眠不足的原因以及应对的方法。

【16题详解】

根据空前的“Thistimeofrestalsohelpsthebodybuildstrongerbones.Well-restedpeopletendtobehappierduringtheday.(这段时间的休息也有助于身体建立更强壮的骨骼。休息好了的人往往在白天更快乐)”可知，本段讲述的是好的休息给人们带来的益处，C选项“Plustheytendtodealwithstressbetter.(此外，他们往往能更好地应对压力)”是进一步介绍好的休息带给人们的益处，其中的they指代的内容与上文中的Well-restedpeople一致。故选C项。

【17题详解】

根据空前的“Onlyaboutone-thirdof18-year-oldsnowreportgettingatleastsevenhoursofsleeppernight.(现在只有大约三分之一的18岁青少年报告每晚至少睡7个小时)”可知，研究发现青少年的睡眠不足，结合空后的“Lackofsleephasbeenlinkedtounhealthyeatingandfeelingmoreanxious.(睡眠不足与不健康的饮食和更焦虑有关)”讲述的是缺乏睡眠造成的问题。由此可知，此空处应为过渡句，A选项“Andthatisaproblem.(这是一个问题)”起到了承上启下的作用，内容与空前和空后的内容吻合。故选A项。

【18题详解】

根据空后的“Onefactormaybetheschoolstarttime.(一个因素可能是学校的上课时间)”以及“Anotherreasonforteens’widespreadsleepshortagemaybescreens.(青少年普遍睡眠不足的另一个原因可能是屏幕)”可知，该段主要分析的是导致缺乏睡眠的原因，F选项“It’shardtosayexactlywhyteenshavebecomemoresleep-deprived.(很难确切地说为什么青少年越来越缺乏睡眠)”讲述的是很难准确说出青少年缺乏睡眠的原因，内容与空后内容一致。故选F项。

【19题详解】

根据空前的“Surveydatafrom370,000U.S.teenshasshownanincreaseintradingsleepforscreentime.(来自37万名米国青少年的调查数据显示，用睡眠换取屏幕时间的现象有所增加)”可知，米国很多青少年占用睡眠时间玩手机，结合空后的“Thelightgivenoffbyphonesorcomputersmakesthebrainresistsleepiness.(手机或电脑发出的光使大脑抵抗睡意)”可知，手机或电脑放出的光亮会影响睡眠，由此可知，此空处应与屏幕对睡眠的影响相关，G选项“Butlosingsleeptoscreensisn’tjustamatterofchoosingtostayuplate.(把休息遗失在屏幕上不仅仅是选择熬夜的问题)”起到了承上启下的作用，尤其是but将屏幕对睡眠的影响转至手机或电脑释放的光亮对睡眠的影响。故选G项。

【20题详解】

根据空后的“Yourbodyandbrainwillthankyou.(你的身体和大脑会感谢你)”可知，身体和大脑会感谢你，由此可知，此空处应为你的某种做法对你和大脑有好处，D选项“Butexpertssuggestputtingawayelectronicsatleast30minutesbeforebed.(但专家建议在睡前至少30分钟收起电子产品)”讲述的是睡前30分钟把电子产品收拾起来，这种做法是有利于个人和大脑的，与空后内容一致，逻辑合理。故选D项。

第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

JohnnieCowboyandhiswifeMonicacallonpeopletothinkoftheiroldneighborswhogenerallydon’thandletheheataswellasyoungerpeopleinhotweather.

Theydon’t____21____anyonetodowhattheythemselveswouldnot.Actually,they’vedonethisforadecade.

TheyliveinKingsburyTowersApartment,andtheapartmentiscalled____22____bythousandsofresidents.Alloftheresidentsknowthatatsome____23____,CowboyandMonicawillcomeknockingontheirdoortomakesurethey’re____24____!

Eachday,theygothroughtheir____25____tochatwithelderlyneighborswhomightnotbeabletogetoutas____26____asothers.Theymakesupplyrunsforthemand____27____theirairconditioningisworking.Monicasaysshewilloftencallthemanagementiftheycan’t____28____theresidentinside.

Sinceolderpeoplearemorelikelytosufferheatstroke(中暑),staying____29____isimportanttohelpmaintaintheir_____30_____.However,sometimesit’shardtotellifyou’reoverheatedwhenyou_____31_____alone.That’swheretheirvisits_____32_____!

Nooneaskedthe_____33_____tocheckonthewell-beingoftheirneighbors,buttheydidit_____34_____!Sometimeswejusthavetodowhat’s_____35_____withoutbeingasked.

21.A.promiseB.askC.teachD.allow

22.A.cityB.destinationC.campsiteD.home

23.A.stageB.levelC.lengthD.point

24.A.preparedB.busyC.fineD.interested

25.A.drivewayB.buildingC.officeD.room

26.A.easilyB.quicklyC.bravelyD.cautiously

27.A.ensureB.reportC.agreeD.find

28.A.reachB.controlC.persuadeD.comfort

29.A.calmB.energeticC.slowD.cool

30.A.weightB.balanceC.healthD.mood

31.A.sitB.liveC.leaveD.work

32.A.comeinB.carryonC.endupD.payoff

33.A.governmentB.friendC.publicD.couple

34.A.otherwiseB.insteadC.anywayD.meanwhile

35.A.rightB.difficultC.impossibleD.popular

【答案】21.B22.D23.D24.C25.B26.A27.A28.A29.D30.C31.B32.A33.D34.C35.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了JohnnieCowboy和他的妻子Monica呼吁人们想想他们的老邻居，因为老人不耐热，而Cowboy和Monica这十年来一直坚持照顾身边年老的邻居。

【21题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们不会要求任何人做他们自己不会做的事。A.promise许诺；B.ask问、请求；C.teach教育；D.allow允许。根据上文“JohnnieCowboyandhiswifeMonicacallonpeopletothinkoftheiroldneighborswhogenerallydon’thandletheheataswellasyoungerpeopleinhotweather.”可知，Cowboy和Monica呼吁别人要多想想老年的邻居们；而根据下文“Actually,they’vedonethisforadecade.”可知，他们俩自己十年内一直坚持关心老年邻居。由此推断，他们不会要求别人做自己不会做的事情。故选B。

【22题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们住在金斯伯里大厦公寓，这里被成千上万的居民称为家。A.city城市；B.destination目的地；C.campsite露营地；D.home家。根据下文“Alloftheresidentsknowthatatsome____3____,CowboyandMonicawillcomeknockingontheirdoortomakesurethey’re____4____!”可知，有很多人住在这座大厦里，因此人们称这个地方为家。故选D。

【23题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有的居民都知道，在某个时候，Cowboy和Monica会来敲他们的门，确保他们没事！A.stage舞台；B.level水平；C.length长度；D.point意义、点。考查固定短语：atsomepoint，意为“在某个时候”。故选D。

【24题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所有的居民都知道，在某个时候，Cowboy和Monica会来敲他们的门，确保他们没事！A.prepared准备好的；B.busy忙碌的；C.fine好的、没事的；D.interested感兴趣的。根据下文“Nooneaskedthe____13____tocheckonthewell-beingoftheirneighbors,buttheydidit____14____!”可知，他们这样做是为了确保邻居没事。故选C。

【25题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天，他们都会穿过他们大楼，与那些可能不像其他人那样容易出门的老年邻居聊天。A.driveway车道；B.building建筑物；C.office办公室；D.room房间。根据上文可知，他们都居住在一幢大厦里面，所以他们是走遍大厦，与老年邻居聊天。故选B。

【26题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意：每天，他们都会穿过他们的大楼，与那些可能不像其他人那样容易出门的老年邻居聊天。A.easily轻松地；B.quickly快地；C.bravely勇敢地；D.cautiously谨慎地。根据上文“chatwithelderlyneighborswhomightnotbeabletogetout”可知，这些老人已经年近很大了，所以是不能像其他人那样容易出门。故选A。

【27题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们为他们提供供应，并确保他们的空调正常工作。A.ensure确保；B.report报道；C.agree同意；D.find发现。根据下文“Sinceolderpeoplearemorelikelytosufferheatstroke(中暑),staying____9____isimportanttohelpmaintaintheir____10____.However,sometimesit’shardtotellifyou’reoverheatedwhenyou____11____alone.”可知，这对夫妻认为老人更容易中暑，所以保持凉爽很重要。由此推断，这对夫妻去看望老人是为了确保空调正常运作。故选A。

【28题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：Monica说，如果他们联系不到里面的住户，她会经常打电话给管理人员。A.reach到达、联系；B.control控制；C.persuade说服；D.comfort安慰。根据上文“Monicasaysshewilloftencallthemanagement”可知，Monica如果联系不到老人，就会打给管理