2023年高二暑假话题阅读专练（词汇积累）：热点话题（含答案）

第第页2023年高二暑假话题阅读专练（词汇积累）：热点话题（含答案）2023年高二暑假话题阅读专练（词汇积累）：热点话题

（共5题）

一、阅读理解题（共5题）

TheFederalCommunicationsCommission(FCC)ChairmanKevinMartinjustrelaunchedtheformalreviewofmediaownershiprules.Theagency's"FurtherNoticeofProposedRulemaking,"issuedJuly25,isvague,butitsintentionisclear:toletafewgiantmediacorporationsswallowupmorelocaltelevisionchannels,radiostationsandnewspapersinasinglemarket.Martin'smaintargetisthebanon"newspaper-broadcastcross-ownership"thatprohibitsonecompanyfromowningthemajordailynewspaperaswellasradioandTVstationsinthesamearea.He'dalsoliketoallowonecompanytoownmorethanoneTVstationinsmallermarketsandmorethantwointhelargestcities.Afewpowerfulfirmsinmajorcitieshavewonwaivers(弃权)totheban,oratleastdelaysonenforcement,butthosearetheexceptions.

ThatDéjàvuyou'refeelingisbecausetheFCCtriedtopushthroughthesamerulechangesin2023underthen-ChairmanMichaelPowell.Inresponse,millionsofpeople—encouragedbygroupssuchastheNationalRifleAssn,andtheNationalOrganizationforWomen—contactedtheFCCandCongresstovoicetheiropposition.TheFCCapprovedtherulechangesanyway,onlytoseethemnearlyoverturnedbyCongressandthenrejectedbythecourts.Despitetheoverwhelmingpublicopposition,Martin'slatestattempttoeliminatecross-ownershiprulesisdrivenbythemassivelobbying(游说)ofacartel(企业联盟)ofsecond-tierbigmediacompaniesspecializinginnewspaperandbroadcaststationownership,suchasGannett,MediaGeneralandTribune.Theirmotiveisbiggerprofits.

Butwhat'sgoodforBigMedia'sbottomlineisn'talwaysgoodfortherestofus.Thefirstvictimof"mediacompanytowns"wouldbejournalism.Whenonefirmownsmostofacity'snewsoutlets,whoneedsabunchofcompetingnewsroomsInvestigativereportingandextensivelocalcoveragerequiresacostlystaff.It'sfarcheapertosyndicate(出售给多个媒体)farefromheadquartersthantosupportadiversityoflocalvoices.Ifyourreadersandviewersdon'tlikeit,whereelsearetheygoingtogo

Oncethebigchainsstartsellingandexchangingtheirpropertiestobuilduplargerfiefdoms(地盘),thealreadydecliningnumberofindependentandminorityownerswillbefurthersqueezedout.Today,justoneinfivedailynewspapersisownedbyindividualsorcompaniesthatdon'townanyothernewspapers.AccordingtothemostrecentFCCdata,fewerthan4%ofradiostationsand2%ofTVstationsareownedbyminorities.

IndustryandWallStreetpublicitysayslocalmediacan'tcompetewithoutfurtherconsolidation(整合).Yetmediacompaniesalreadyenjoyhigherprofitmarginsthanmostindustries.Theysaywemustderegulate(解除控制).ButradioandTVstationownershipisbydefinitionregulated—thesearethepublicairwavesandthereareonlysomanychannelsavailableinacommunity.TheonlyquestionisonwhosebehalfwillWashingtonmaketherules:majormediacompaniesorthepublic

(1)Theruleon"newspaper-broadcastcross-ownership"intendsto_____.

A．preventcompaniesfromowningbothtelevisionandradiostations

B．limitacompanyfromowningmorethanonetelevisionstation

C．replacegiantmediacorporationswithmediacompanytowns

D．protectlocalvoices,vigorouscompetitionanddiverseviewpoints

(2)WhichofthefollowingwillprobablyhappeniftheFCC'srulechangesareapproved

A．Thegovernmentwillcompletelydominatepublicspeech.

B．ThepublicwillvoicetheirstrongoppositiontoCongress.

C．ThenumberofradiosandTVstationswilldeclinesharply.

D．Thelocalmediacompetitionwillbealmosteliminated.

(3)Theunderlinedword"Déjàvu"inParagraph2probablymeansafeelingthat_____.

A．anewsituationhasoccurredbefore

B．afamiliarsituationbecomesunfamiliar

C．thesituationhasrunoutofcontrol

D．thesituationisbetterthanexpected

(4)Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext

A．TheformerchairmanoftheFCCignoredpublicopinionwitharisk.

B．Acompanyisforbiddentoownmorethanonenewspaper.

C．Thelocalnewsoutletsarecontrolledbyindependentcompanies.

D．Mediaindustryusedtobeanunprofitableindustry.

(5)Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage

A．CanWeHearMoreLocalVoices

B．DoWeReallyWantBigMediatoGetEvenBigger

C．HowWillFCC'sActionAffectConsumers

D．HowWillWashingtonMakeMediaOwnershipRules

A69-year-oldgrandmotherwithnoteethofherownhaseventuallywonalonglegalbattletostopaScottishregionalcounciladdingfluoridechemicaltothepublicwatersupplly.

Inacasewhichhasalreadycostthetaxpayer1,000,000,thejudgeruledthatitwasbeyondthepowersofthelocalauthoritytoaddthechemicaltothewaterinordertoreducetoothdecay.

AtherhomelastnightMrsCatherineMcCollsaid,"IdidwhatIthoughtwasrightandIwoulddoitagain,too."Sheclaimedthataddingfluoridetopublicdrinkingwatermadeitintosomekindofdirtysoup."Wherewoulditstop"sheasked."Theymightcomeupwiththeideaofputtingdrugsintothewatertokeeptheunemployedquiet."Itwasahorriblepoison,shesaid,thatcouldhavecausedallkindsofdiseases,includingcancer.

Thejudge,however,concludedthattherewasnoevidencetosuggestthattheinclusionoffluorideinthewatersupplywouldhavehadanegativeeffectonpublichealth.Althoughthechemicalmightserveasanefficientandconvenientmeansofachievingabeneficialeffectonthedentalhealthofconsumersgenerally,hesaid,anditsusewasgreatlyfavoredbythedentalprofession,hecouldalsounderstandwhysomemembersofthepublic,MrsMcCollinparticular,mightbepassionatelyopposedtotheactionoftheWaterAuthorityinassumingtherighttoimprovepublicwell-beingwithoutconsultingthepublicinthefirstcase.TheAuthority'slegaldutytoprovide"wholesome"waterforpublicconsumptionwhichwasbothsafeandpleasanttodrink,didnot,hesaid,extendtotheirrighttosafeguardpublichealthbychemicalmeans.

(1)MrsMcCollfeltsostronglyaboutthefluorideissuethatsheeventually_____.

A．tookthelocalcounciltocourt

B．hadaphysicalfightwiththejudge

C．urgedtheauthoritytoapologize

D．spentmuchmoneyremovingthechemical

(2)Accordingtowhatthejudgesaidinthepassage,addingfluoridetothewater_____.

A．wasnotprovedtobeharmful

B．wasthedutyofthelocalauthority

C．wasstronglyopposedbydentists

D．wassurelybeneficialtothepublic

(3)Theword"wholesome"inthelastparagraphcanbebestreplacedbytheword"_____".

A．clearB．poisonlessC．healthyD．recycled

(4)FromthepassagewelearnthatpeoplelikeMrsMcCollaremoreconcernedabout_____.

A．theimprovementoftheirpersonalhealth

B．theproblemofunemploymentintheircommunity

C．thechemicalstobeusedfortheimprovementofwaterquality

D．theirrighttobeinformedoftheauthorities'decisions

IlookedatmybeautifulChristmastreeandsighed.Itwastime.TheNewYearwasaweekoldandmytreestillstoodinthecornerofourroomwithitscollectionofmemoriesproudlydisplayedinashowerofcolorfullights.I'dprocrastinatedlongenough.

Igotup,wenttothegarageanddraggedalltheboxesintotheroom.Thegarland(花环)wasthefirsttotakedown.Thebrancheslookednaked(光秃的)already.Itookthelargedecorationsoffnext.Theymadealargepileonourbed.Anhourlater,ourbedwascoveredwithChristmasmemories.Eachpilecontainedanornamentalongwithitsmatchingbrothersandsistersfromsetsboughtmanyyearsago.

Ipreparedtheboxesandcarefullyplacedornamentsintheirprotectivepackaging,pausingeveryfewminutestoadmireafavorite."Hey,littleSanta!"IheldtheSantafrommychildhood."Thanksforbeingmyfriendforalmost50years."Hewasalittleragged(衣着破烂的)butstillgavemeafloodofwonderfulmemories."Untilnextyear,mydearfriend."

Therewasacollectionofhandmadeones.Mychildrenmadeintheirfirstyearsofschool,morethan20yearsago.Madebytinyhands,theyarefarfromperfectindesign,buteveryyeartheygoonmymemorytree—memoriesofyounggiggles(咯咯笑)onChristmasmorningandasmilingfacewhentheyhandedthemtomewhenIcamehomefromwork."Lookwhatwemade,Daddy!"

"Oh!Itisbeautiful.Let'sfindaspecialspotonthetreeforit."Everyyearsince,theyaredisplayed.

AfewhoursafterIstarted,thefilledboxeswerebackinthegarageandtheroomwasvacuumed(用真空吸尘器清扫)andIsatstaringatabarren(空荡荡的)corner.Theroomseemedsoempty.Ittookmetwodaysofworktoassemble(收集)anddecoratemytree,butonlyafewhourstotakeitapart.

Mytreeislikeagoodmarriageoragreatfriendship.Likethetree,theytakealongtimetoassembleanddecoratewithmemories,butcanbetorndownquickly.

EveryyearIhavetoputmytreeaway,butnotmymarriageorfriendships.Itakegreatcareofthose.TheygettoglowinthecornerofmylifeforaslongasIlive.Igettoanalyzemytreeandfindmemoriesforafewweekseveryyear.Icandothesamewiththelovesinmylifeeveryday.Takegreatcareofyourfriendshipsandyourmarriage.Oncetheycomedown,theyaren'taseasytoputbacktogetherasaChristmastree.Standtheminthatspecialspotinthecornerofyourheartandadmiretheirglow.

(1)Intheauthor'seyes,theChristmastree_____.

A．isacollectionofchildhoodmemories

B．isasymboloflong-lastingrelations

C．takestoomuchtimetodecorate

D．isfullofout-of-dateornaments

(2)Theunderlinedword"procrastinated"inParagraph1probablymeans_____.

A．reflectedB．celebratedC．decoratedD．delayed

(3)Totheauthor,aChristmastreeissimilartoagoodmarriageinthat_____.

A．bothtaketimetobuildbutfallaparteasily

B．bothremindhimofbittersweet(苦乐参半)memories

C．bothneedtobeadmiredforsometime

D．bothgetlessattractiveovertheyears

(4)Whatisthemainthemeofthearticle

A．We'dbetterputawayChristmasdecorationsandrecyclethemeachyear.

B．Friendshipsandthemarriageshouldbevaluedandmanagedcarefully.

C．Memorieswithfriendsandfamilyshouldbecherishedandrelived.

D．WeshoulddecorateChristmastreeswithpersonalstuffandrecycle.

ManyUnitedStatescompanieshavemadethesearchforlegalprotectionfromimportcompetitionintoamajorlineofwork.Since1980,theUnitedStatesInternationalTradeCommission(ITC)hasreceivedabout280complaintsallegingdamagefromimportsthatbenefitfromsubsidies(补贴)byforeigngovernments.Another340chargethatforeigncompanies"dumped"theirproductsintheUnitedStatesat"lessthanfairvalue."Evenwhennounfairpracticesareclaimed,thesimpleclaimthatanindustryhasbeeninjuredbyimportsissufficientgroundstoseekrelief(救济).

Contrarytothegeneralimpression,thisrequestforimportreliefhashurtmorecompaniesthanithashelped.Ascorporationsbegintofunctionglobally,theydevelopacomplicatedwebofmarketing,production,andresearchrelationships.Thecomplexityoftheserelationshipsmakesitunlikelythatasystemofimportrelieflawswillmeetthestrategicneedsofalltheunitsunderthesameparentcompany.Internationalizationincreasesthedangerthatforeigncompanieswilluseimportrelieflawsagainsttheverycompaniesthelawsweredesignedtoprotect.SupposeaUnitedStates-ownedcompanyestablishesanoverseasplanttomanufactureaproductwhileitscompetitormakesthesameproductintheUnitedStates.Ifthecompetitorcanproveinjuryfromtheimports—andthattheUnitedStatescompanyreceivedasubsidyfromaforeigngovernmenttobuilditsplantabroad—theUnitedStatescompany'sproductswillbeuncompetitiveintheUnitedStates,sincetheywouldbesubjecttoduties.

PerhapsthemostshamefulcaseoccurredwhentheITCinvestigatedallegations(控诉)thatCanadiancompanieswereinjuringtheUnitedStatessaltindustrybydumpingrocksalt,usedtodeiceroads.Thebizarreaspectofthecomplaintwasthataforeignconglomerate(联合企业)withUnitedStatesoperationswascryingforhelpagainstaUnitedStatescompanywithforeignoperations.The"UnitedStates"companyclaiminginjurywasaunitofaDutchconglomerate,whilethe"Canadian"companiesincludedaunitofaChicagofirmthatwasthesecond-largestdomesticproducerofrocksalt.

(1)Thepassageischieflyconcernedwith_____.

A．arguingagainsttheincreasedinternationalizationofUScorporations

B．warningthattheapplicationoflawsaffectingtradefrequentlyhasunintendedconsequences

C．recommendingauniformmethodforhandlingclaimsofunfairtradepractices

D．advocatingtheuseoftraderestrictionsfor"dumped"productsbutnotforotherimports

(2)WhatcanbeinferredabouttheminimalbasisforacomplainttotheITC_____.

A．AforeigncompetitorissellingproductsintheUSatlessthanfairmarketvalue

B．AforeigncompetitorhasgreatlyincreasedthevolumeofproductsshippedtotheUS

C．Thecompanyrequestingimportreliefhasbeenbannedfromexportingproducts

D．ThecompanyrequestingimportreliefhasbeeninjuredbythesaleofimportsintheUS

(3)Whatisthefunctionofthelastparagraph

A．Itsummarizesthediscussionandsuggestsadditionalareasforresearch.

B．Itmakesarecommendationbasedontheevidencepresentedearlier.

C．Itusesaspecificcasetoillustrateaprobleminthepreviousparagraph.

D．Itintroducesanadditionalareaofconcernnotmentionedearlier.

(4)WhichofthefollowingismostlikelytobetrueofUStradelaws

A．Theywilleliminatethepracticeof"dumping"productsintheUS.

B．Thoseappliedtointernationalcompanieswillhelptogainmoreprofits.

C．TheywillaffectUStradewithCanadamorenegativelythantradewithothernations.

D．Thosehelpingoneunitwithinaparentcompanywon'tnecessarilyhelpotherunits.

Onceconsideredanoptionallifestylechoice,recyclinghasbecomeacommonplaceactivityinmostareas.Onetypeofrecycling,calleddowncycling,involvesre-purposingamaterialintoanewproductoflesserquality.

Downcyclingisalsoknownasdownstreamrecycling.Itismostcommonintermsofindustrialmaterials.Theseproductslosetheirvalueastheyarerecycled,whichlimitstheircapacityfornewuse.Whitewritingpaper,forexample,isoftendowncycledintocardboard;oncedowncycledtothisnewform,itcannolongerbeusedaswhitepaperagain.Anotherexampleofdowncyclingincludestheuseofplasticcomponents.

Givingproductsanewlifeisconsideredagoodwaytoreusematerialsandavoidwaste.Oncedowncycledtotheirfullcapacity,however,thesematerialsareeventuallysodegradedthattheycannotbereusedfurther.Sincedowncycledproductsareconsideredoflowerqualitythantheiroriginalform,theycannotbeusedinremakingtheiroriginalproduct.

Plastic,glass,andaluminiumproductscodedwiththenumberonemayberemadeintosomethingofequalorgreatervalue.Thistypeofrecyclingisknownasupcycling,andrepresentstheforwardcompatibilityofrecycledcomponents.Materialsavailablefordowncycling,suchaswater,juice,andmilkbottles,arecodedwiththenumbertwo.

Itemsavailablefordowncyclingoftenrequireadditionalchemicals,energy,andothertreatmentsinordertotransformthemintosomethingusable.Durableplasticproductsinparticularrequiremuchadditionaltreatment.Trashbins,tables,andchairsarealsoconsideredmaterialswithahighenergycosttorecycle.

Whenaproductreachesacodeseven,itisconsiderednolongerrecyclable.Sincetheseproductscannolongerbemadeintonewones,theywilleitherhavetobereusedordiscarded,typicallyinalandfill.

(1)

A．Theserecycledmaterialsmayoftenbeputintonewuse.

B．Itcanincludevaryinggradesofplastic,paperproducts,andothermaterials.

C．Theirrecycledformistypicallybothweakerandcheaperthantheiroriginalone.

D．Theymaynotbeusedtocontainfood-gradeitemsagainuponbeingdowncycled.

E．Productsareprovidedwithcodestodeterminetheirgradesandwhetherornottheymayberecycled.

F．Acodewilldeterminethetypeoftherecycledmaterialsandgiveanideaofhowmanytimestheycanberecycled.

G．Thisusuallyoccurswhenasubstanceisblendedwithothersubstances,suchasdifferenttypesofplasticwithvariousrecyclingcodes.

(2)

A．Theserecycledmaterialsmayoftenbeputintonewuse.

B．Itcanincludevaryinggradesofplastic,paperproducts,andothermaterials.

C．Theirrecycledformistypicallybothweakerandcheaperthantheiroriginalone.

D．Theymaynotbeusedtocontainfood-gradeitemsagainuponbeingdowncycled.

E．Productsareprovidedwithcodestodeterminetheirgradesandwhetherornottheymayberecycled.

F．Acodewilldeterminethetypeoftherecycledmaterialsandgiveanideaofhowmanytimestheycanberecycled.

G．Thisusuallyoccurswhenasubstanceisblendedwithothersubstances,suchasdifferenttypesofplasticwithvariousrecyclingcodes.

(3)

A．Theserecycledmaterialsmayoftenbeputintonewuse.

B．Itcanincludevaryinggradesofplastic,paperproducts,andothermaterials.

C．Theirrecycledformistypicallybothweakerandcheaperthantheiroriginalone.

D．Theymaynotbeusedtocontainfood-gradeitemsagainuponbeingdowncycled.

E．Productsareprovidedwithcodestodeterminetheirgradesandwhetherornottheymayberecycled.

F．Acodewilldeterminethetypeoftherecycledmaterialsandgiveanideaofhowmanytimestheycanberecycled.

G．Thisusuallyoccurswhenasubstanceisblendedwithothersubstances,suchasdifferenttypesofplasticwithvariousrecyclingcodes.

(4)

A．Theserecycledmaterialsmayoftenbeputintonewuse.

B．Itcanincludevaryinggradesofplastic,paperproducts,andothermaterials.

C．Theirrecycledformistypicallybothweakerandcheaperthantheiroriginalone.

D．Theymaynotbeusedtocontainfood-gradeitemsagainuponbeingdowncycled.

E．Pro