雅思大作文的结构及写作方法课件

大作文的结构及写作方式2020/12/21两种类型议论文argument说明文report2020/12/22议论文议论文一般针对的是题目中的一个话题

(somepeoplethink)，以及部分人对这个话题的想法(somepeoplethink,whileothersbelieve,有些人认为。。。当另外一些人认为)，然后要求你是不是同意或者是发表你自己的看法（Ithinkthisiscorrect/true;Idisagreewiththis）。这类题目通常会在题目中引述一个观点，然后要求你针对那个观点，进行写作。议论文比较基于主观事实描述，一般来说，文章的主体是以为什么而展开，，作者需要通过解释，论证从而达到一个比较合理的能够具有说服力的一个层次。作者要展开自己的想法，并要通过论证，让读者认为你所写的是正确的，合理的。2020/12/23议论文议论文通常有两种问法：1.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree??(你从多大程度上同意这个观点)题目中一部分人只会提出对于某个问题所产生的一个看法。作者所要进行论证就是你是否同意这么一个看法2020/12/24Protectingwildanimalsisawasteofresources.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisopinion?Givereasonsforyouranswerandincludeanyrelevantexamplesfromyourownknowledgeorexperience.2020/12/25

结构：四段或五段引言部分：提出主题（描述当前背景），改写复述题目，表明自己的观点，衔接下文。正文第一段：原因1正文第二段：原因2正文第三段：原因3（可省略）结尾：重申主题，建议措施，展望未来2020/12/26引言部分：提出主题（描述当前背景），改写复述题目，表明自己的观点，衔接下文。Asisknowntoall,thebigcontradictionbetweenthelimitationoflandandtherapidlyincreasingdemandforitcausesanalarmingheadacheofhumanbeings.Toimprovethesituation,somepeoplesuggestweinstantlygiveupprotectingwildanimals,thereasonforwhich,accordingtothem,issimplythattheybelievetherewillbenospareplacesforthewildanimalsastheirhabitatsinthe21stcentury,andthusitisnothingbutawasteofresourcestocarryouttheprotection.AsfarasIamconcerned,theso-called“suggestion”isextremelyridiculousandhasnopointatall.2020/12/27正文第一段：原因1Justlikehumanbeings,wildanimalsaretheindispensiblepartoftheearth.Thecoexistenceofanimalsandhumanbeingscreatesharmonyandbringsaboutthevividnesstoourplanet.Anincreasingnumberofpeoplecometorealizethatthedisappearanceofanimalswillresultinhugethreattothebalanceofecosystem.Ifonespeciesdieout,itisinevitablethatotherspeciesonthefoodchainwillbeputinverydangeroussituation,whichwilldefinitelycauseaseriesofterribleproblemsfortheearth.2020/12/28正文第二段：原因2Itishardtoimaginewhatourworldwouldbelikewithoutanimals.Sociologistsalsopointoutthatthedisappearanceofanimalscancausesocialandeconomicproblems.Animalstrade,asasupportingsectortotheworldeconomy,wouldbeoutofcontrolandalargenumberofanimalswouldbekilledformoreprofit.2020/12/29结尾：重申主题，建议，展望Certainly,ourdietcannotlivewithoutmeat.Therearelivingstocks,whichcanprovideuswithsufficientandnutritiousproduce.Therefore,weneednottoresorttowildanimals,especiallytheendangeredones.Toprotectanimalsistoprotectourlivingenvironment.Everyindividualshouldjoineffortstokeepthediversityofanimals.2020/12/210练习：Somepeoplebelievethatstudentswhowanttogotouniversityaftergraduationfromhighschoolshouldgainsomeworkexperienceorhaveatraveltoenlargetheirvision.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisopinion?五段2020/12/211Homework:Thecomputeriswidelyusedineducation,andsomepeoplethinkteachersdonotplayimportantrolesintheclassroom.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?2020/12/212practiceToday’schildrenarelivingundermorepressurefromsocietythanchildreninthepast.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththeopinion?2020/12/213Writinganoutline一边倒开头—提出主题，表明观点，引出下文主体段1—原因1主体段2—原因2结尾—重申主题，建议措施2020/12/214开头现在的孩子们生活条件比以前好了很多，但是也比过去的孩子承受了更多的压力。我认为，现在的孩子们的童年与过去的孩子们比起来的确不那么多姿多彩无忧无虑。2020/12/215Nowadayschildrenaregrowingupinmorefavorableconditionsthaneverbefore.However,theyarealsofacedwithmuchgreaterpressurethanchildreninthepast.Asforme,theirchildhoodisindeedlesscolourfulandcarefreethanthatofthechildreninthepast.2020/12/216主体段1首先，学业负担尤其沉重。（扩展主题句，延长因果链，假设论证，举例论证）2020/12/217Firstly,theburdenwithacademiclearninghasbecomeextremelyheavy.Ithasbecomeatrendforkidstotakeextracoursesbeyondtheirnormalschoolcurriculum,forparentsbelievethatthiscanensuretheirchildrenachancetoabetteruniversity.Andonlyabetteruniversitycanensuretheirkidsagoodjobinthefuture.Thiswouldnodoubtbringhugepressuretotheirchildren,affectingtheirhealthbothphysicallyandmentally.2020/12/218主体段2另一方面，就业的压力也越来越大。（举例论证，因果链）2020/12/219Secondly,thepressureofemploymentisbecominggreaterandgreater.Statisticsshowthatin2007aboutonemillioncollegegraduatesfailedtofindjobs.Mostofthemheldbachelor’sandevenmaster’sdegrees.Thefactthatevenwell-educatedpeopleareconfrontedwithunemploymentproblemsurgeschildrentoobtainmoreskillsandbecomemoreversatilesoastostaycompetitiveonthejobmarket.2020/12/220结尾段重申观点，导致后果，如何解决2020/12/221Fromtheabovediscussion,wecaneasilycometoaconclusionthatchildrendoliveundermorepressurethaneverbefore.Undersomuchworkandpressure,itisdifficultforthemtodevelopgoodpersonalitiesandinterpersonalcommunicationskills.Theymaybecomesolitaryandevensufferfromcertainmentalillnesses.Therefore,ourgovernmentandsocietyshouldcreateopportunitiesandreformoureducationalmechanismtoletourkidsenjoytheirsupposedhappychildhood.2020/12/2222.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion(讨论双方观点然后给出你自己的看法)与第一个题目不同的地方在于，这个题目相对来说，是针对了一个话题，两组人，对于这个话题，产生的相反的不同的看法，题目要求的就是作者针对这两种看法，表达你自己的观点。2020/12/223写法一：一边倒的写法。和前面agreeordisagree写法相同第一段提出主题，两种看法，你的看法，同意A或B中间段落表明你的看法的原因也可以在一个段落描述另一种看法的合理性结尾总结，提出建议措施等。2020/12/224Now,airtravelhasbecomecheaperthaninthepast.Somepeoplesaythatisapositivedevelopment,whilesomepeopledisagreewiththis.Whatdoyouthink?Giveyourreasons.2020/12/225outline开头：引出主题，表明观点主体段1--飞机旅行的好处1主体段2–

飞机旅行的好处2结尾–

论述相反观点，重申自己立场，提出建议2020/12/226开头：如何引出主题？对比写法提出观点2020/12/227Nowadays,peoplecanchoosetotravelbybus,train,ship,andairplane.Inthepast,travellingbyairwastooexpensivetobepopular,butthingsaredifferentnow:airtravelhasbecomemuchcheaper.Therefore,Iarguethatthisisdefinitelyapositivedevelopment.2020/12/228主体段1飞机旅行的好处之一：快速举例论证2020/12/229Firstly,airplanetravelsextremelyfast,thusitsavesusalotoftime.Weknowthatinthepast,travellingfromBritaintoAmericabyshipwouldtakeatleastamonth,butnowitonlyneedsfivetoeighthours.OnecanstartoutfromBritaininthemorningandjoinfriendsintheStatesfordinner.Thisisjusttheneedofmodernpeoplewhoalwayswanttosavetimetoachievemoreimportanttasks.2020/12/230主体段2飞机旅行的第二个好处：安全对比论证2020/12/231Secondly,travellingbyairissaferthanbyanyothermeansoftransport.Therearecarcrasheshappeninghereandthereonhighways,takingawaythousandsofliveseveryday.Peoplemaythinkthattrainandshiparemuchsaferthanairplane,butstatisticsshowthattherateofanairplanecrashisfarlowerthanthesetwomeansoftransport.Ihavetravelledbyairdozensoftimesandamquiteconfidentaboutthesafetyofairtraveling.2020/12/232Sureenough,apartfromsomeworriesaboutthesafetyofairplane,peoplearealsoworriedthatduetocheaperpricesofairtickets,therewillbemoreandmorepeoplechoosingtotravelbyair,thusresultinginhugeconsumptionoffuelandsevereairpollution.Thisisindeedaproblemworthourdeepconsideration.However,Ifirmlybelievethatwiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,newtypesoffuelwilldefinitelybefoundandthen,airtravelwillposenothreatatalltotheenvironment.2020/12/233Fromtheforegoingdiscussion,wecanseethatairtravelbecomingcheaperandcheaperisabsolutelynotabadthing.2020/12/234写法二折中写法写两种观点的合理性开头段照旧，可以省去自己观点，最后一段再提。中间段落两种观点的合理性结尾总结，你的想法，建议措施展望2020/12/235Somepeopleprefertoliveinasmalltown.Othersprefertoliveinabigcity.Whichplacewouldyouprefertolivein?折中开头，引出主题大城市优点小城市优点我的观点2020/12/236Peopleseldomagreewitheachother,eveninsuchtrivialissuesaspreferencebetweenbigcitiesandsmalltowns.It’salittlebithastytosaythatitisbettertoliveinabigcitythantoliveinasmalltown,orviceversa.2020/12/237大城市优点（列举法，对比论证）就业教育生活水准2020/12/238Livinginabigcityhasseveralbenefits.

First,therearemorejobopportunitiesreadilyavailableinbigcitiesthanasmalltown.Thequalitiesofthepositionaremuchhigheraswellandthepayismoredecent.Second,childrenaresupposedtobeabletoreceiveaneducationwithahigherqualitycomparedwiththeircounterpartswholiveinasmalltown.Finally,livinginabigcityhasasuperioroveralllivingstandardtothatinasmalltown.Therearemorecommoditiesandservicesincitymarketsandthereareevenmuchmorecinemasinbigcities.2020/12/239小城市优点居住在小城市的人们生活更加舒服。他们没有大城市人们的沉重的生活压力。尽管收入少一些，但是小城市的生活开销也不像大城市那么多。在小城市，居民们之间融洽的关系会让孩子们更健康的成长，他们也许不能去电影院放松休闲，但是可以和朋友在一起聊天玩耍。

2020/12/240However,livinginasmalltownalsohassomeadvantages.

Peoplewholiveinasmalltownoftenhaveamuchmorecomfortablelifestyle.Mostofthemareimmunefromthesufferingofhighworkstress.Althoughtheaveragepayismuchlessthanthatofbigcities,thepriceofdailynecessitiesisusuallymoreinexpensive.Insteadofsufferinglonelinesswhichisprevalentinbigcities,childrenmightgrowupmorehealthilybecauseofharmoniousrelationshipamongresidentsinsmalltowns.Theymighthavefewercinemastoentertainthemselves,buttheyhavemorefriendsavailabletochatorplaywith.2020/12/241Accordingtomycurrentsituation,althoughIamlongingforthecozyatmosphereandrelationshipamongneighborsandfriendswhichalmostonlyexistinsmalltowns,Ihavechosentoliveinoneofthebiggestcitiesinmycountry—Beijing,sinceIhavefoundaprettygoodjobhereanddecentpay.IthinkIwouldpreferlivinginasmal