西格玛绿带培训MaerialsWO

Revision :1.00Date :June20016西格玛绿带培训MaterialsTWO-6-4-20246标准偏差第二天:TestsofHypothesesWeek1recapofStatisticsTerminologyIntroductiontoStudentTdistributionExampleinusingStudentTdistributionSummaryofformulaforConfidenceLimitsIntroductiontoHypothesisTestingTheelementsofHypothesisTesting-----------------------------------------------------Break--------------------------------------------------------------------LargesampleTestofHypothesisaboutapopulationmeanp-Values,theobservedsignificancelevelsSmallsampleTestofHypothesisaboutapopulationmeanMeasuringthepowerofhypothesistestingCalculatingTypeIIErrorprobabilitiesHypothesisExerciseI-----------------------------------------------------Lunch--------------------------------------------------------------------HypothesisExerciseIPresentationComparing2populationMeans:IndependentSamplingComparing2populationMeans:PairedDifferenceExperimentsComparing2populationProportions:F-Test-----------------------------------------------------Break--------------------------------------------------------------------HypothesisTestingExerciseII(paperclip)HypothesisTestingPresentation

第一天wrapup第二天:Analysisofvariance和simplelinearregressionChi-square:AtestofindependenceChi-square:InferencesaboutapopulationvarianceChi-squareexerciseANOVA-AnalysisofvarianceANOVA–Analysisofvariancecasestudy-----------------------------------------------------Break--------------------------------------------------------------------TestingthefittnessofaprobabilitydistributionChi-square:agoodnessoffittestTheKolmogorov-SmirnovTestGoodnessoffitexerciseusingdiceResult和discussiononexercise------------------------------------------------------Lunch-------------------------------------------------------------------Probabilistic关系hipofaregressionmodelFittingmodelwithleastsquareapproachAssumptions和varianceestimatorMakinginferenceabouttheslopeCoefficientofCorrelation和DeterminationExampleofsimplelinearregressionSimplelinearregressionexercise(usingstatapult)------------------------------------------------------Break-------------------------------------------------------------------Simplelinearregressionexercise(con’t)Presentationofresults

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u块c跨t辫i赞o阀n茂t马o钥X那b蝴a特r黑S朝C住h尚a观r仗tI叔m篇p粉l模e亏m乔e龟n稍t俱i新n脾g超X繁b高a另r律S惊C挣h苹a喂r渐t为兼什锅么X棒b鞠a完r恳S藏C泰h贱a义r旁t特?I身n荡t伴r梢o露d剪u帽c和t横i稳o滥n绿t伐o谈I哨n血d究i封v控i时d亭u足a兴l训M翅o耍v优i条n菠g钞R选a躁n茄g资e衔C皮h声a坦r旅tI振m旬p脊l梅e笑m朴e眼n粥t世i批n记g闷I穗n固d霜i伸v辽i竿d摄u蝴a亡l汗M雨o予v咳i爆n比g把R援a打n挑g挡e林C颈h训a补r践t为恨什央么X壤b阴a补r婚S捕C雷h警a马r哥t逃?-洋-愿-秋-背-缠-芬-炮-苏-歼-谨-骂-爷-踏-蛛-拴-核-畅-呼-敢-比-尾-琴-大-棍-录-耐-秤-烟-批-王-猜-愉-头-萍-日-撞-鬼-孩-绢-序-轰-毁-津-壮-及-造-俱-配-脏-袜-粥-嫌-晌-仰-趁-插-榨-距-公-拼-秘L蛾u刃n抛c庄h资-扒-彻-趋-复-叨-赌-掩-虾-教-怖-芦-痛-握-智-谣-扎-井-祝-各-御-坚-赛-锹-伴-比-辉-剑-李-袜-皆-雾-拐-魔-委-祖-国-街-死-恶-爪-苍-地-界-畅-客-仪-豪-励-晌-础-蓝-盼-凶-昆-单-场-画-盆-面-C铅h吴o伞o筹s汤i碎n末g善t蜜h红e纽奉s束u释b纵-屠g磨r宰o美u冤pC孩h提o警o恢s惊i幻玉n梅g阳t悬h愈e袜c罗o滋r滩r巩e蚁c仓t似s文a默m墓p横l建e驱s驰i且z煤eS陷a血m闲p翠l仓i茅n贯g四f降r动e遍q打u拼e批n兰c傅yI嫩n俭t冤r装o旨d额u滋c鸭t雷i侄o庸n午t涂o逆c异o膊n凉t胀r鞭o坊l纹c舱h麦a得r或t辛s急f裹o境r构a齐t膏t现r滴i车b辟u惭t投e期d铜a礼t供an患p秘C幅h猜a锯r秀t欢s掀,榴p饭C轧h或a持r毁t匙s集,案c卵C乞h故a爹r虫t贺s主,坏u绸C苗h僵a煮r闷t漠s-外-饥-互-赵-懂-误-壁-室-使-简-令-披-肠-灭-白-欲-难-梅-跪-饼-验-顿-扭-透-陷-壮-贿-饥-陪-奋-躬-仙-搏-换-顾-尖-戒-流-值-贵-涨-密-依-理-膝-往-吧-仓-渴-急-医-漂-保-河-控-侵-跳-房诚-塔-暑-漏B矮r碍e尤a近k万-哄-械-品-增-疫-无-叶-卷-摊-蜡-坊-窃-烛-词-蜘-结-彻-仿-记-掀-破-荐-催-丛-彻-雄-鼠-循-洋-援-鼠-轮-宜-稿-谨-架-匪-筹-翻-贡-蓬-犯-诵-绵-闲-柜-塔-是-输-爸-候-眯-酷-荷-怕-艺-铺-肥-教-A锁t上t替r振i忙b属u己t字e窃c衡o北n棉t艰r学o遗l霞c拴h捉a勉r谊t嗽e匙x织e舒r苗c侍i杯s快e堪(笔p障a散p绪e望r芽c谎l秩i沟p颈)O努u死t痒o径f缝c芹o巩n闯t恳r勿o熊l朗n残o织t断n歪e欣c剪e仙s过s俗a仗r抱i帜l扑y侧i挑s本b陶a掌dD偶a伞y贴5责w聪r场a柱p爹u般pR麻e漠c凝a僻p圆o莲f掩S已t昌a鲁t康i屿s泉t炮i拌c奋a拢l责T阵e跪r痛m造i粪n紧o跪l榴o刘g衡yDistributionsdiffersinlocationDistributionsdiffersinspreadDistributionsdiffersinshapeNormalDistribution-6-5-4-3-2-10123456------------------------------99.9999998%-------------------------------------------99.73%--------------------95.45%---------68.27%--±3

variationiscallednaturaltoleranceA晨r旋e号a薪u坝n则d熄e散r碧a凭N休o砖r屿m遮a植l苹D狂i扛s洁t元r转i促b裙u昂t团i榆o丢n流齿程c译a侵p梦a胃b西i捷l肆i茅t打y评p管o棍t毙e塑n国t助i雄a湾l垦,坡C将pB魄a颤s谜e罗d玩o女n树t振h景e璃a宾s未s涂u酸m端p匠t但i周o嗽n狡s榜t趟h斩a不t删:流澡程i应s溜n史o殿r颈m鸡a丘lNormalDistribution-6-5-4-3-2-10123456LowerSpecLimitLSLUpperSpecLimitUSLSpecificationCenterI否t挠i她s除a柄2闹-匙s成i编d岛e甜d昆s药p法e删c羡i吧f已i烘c梢a堂t永i咸o炒n流执程m膨e践a廊n朗i暗s标c田e蚂n巴t企e惊r煌e昏d尖t疼o测t鉴h做e姑d石e歼v腹i咬c屈e凉s伪p型e丢c饼i抗f耳i忘c茂a惜t炮i但o珍nS蹲p拢r谎e谊a核d篇i禁n静s金p出e括c慢i地f昼i舌c盾a草t慈i恋o批nN城a嘴t惜u爽r炕a旷l虹t棕o已l持e榴r司a培n捕c窑eCP=USL-LSL686=1.33流摊程C卡a理p奶a忧b壶i黄l般i零t脱y纠I扑n推d夜e逗x糊,劳C嫩p血kB躲a陈s由e番d攀o须n东t微h辨e趁a源s靠s阔u摸m他p挎t由i摊o殖n椒t猜h石a瞧t痕t飘h航e流斩程i穷s闹n泥o款r移m波a这l和i满n者c图o稀n杰t古r床o载l2挺.艳A阻n乐i术n薪d陡e夹x竿t陵h陕a煮t恐c感o庙m分p背a恰r旺e杠t贪h艘e流杠程c熟e融n蜻t夕e升r刷w沟i非t症h淡s狠p狭e泻c疼i戴f情i狂c兵a待t蕉i辆o笔n平c蓄e腿n枕t阵e俯rNormalDistribution-6-5-4-3-2-10123456LowerSpecLimitLSLUpperSpecLimitUSLSpecificationCenterT袖h态e庭r塞e股f脾o始r絮e韵w瞒h尸e防n妇,C至p呼k归<咽C捎p蛮;圆t性h曾e颈n流馅程i啦s把n盟o惰t巩c幸e折n挺t踏e递r炉e鱼dC箱p度k低=举C见p旅;坝t谜h冠e武n流为程i迫s浸c颤e页n早t缎e隶r斧e稿dUSL-Y3Y-LSL3Cpk=min,T妇h绣e流蜜程o纽奉f荐c筹o较l尼l始e匆c般t垒i松n乳g辽,愉p肤r缸e赤s丛e本n喷t枯i阔n青g和d盆e籍s及c评r昌i件b唉i初n省g勉s哨a诉m撒p净l匀e户d决a沫t唇a厅,睛u尘s析i辈n池g颂g涉r梦a转p驰h混i焦c侮a炊l工免具摊和n笑u趟m驼b谣e复r腐s怨.P老a城r垂e趁t柜o羡C户h野a劲r挑tP幅o面p柏u晃l呆a遵t任i贴o绩n窜m驴e呜a决nH退i披s卖t浇o物g紧r礼a击mP琴o舟p菜u纤l射a闸t座i滨o疏n标情准取偏榜差D椒e华s烟c取r渐i妇p省t份i颂v邻e映S箱t杂a描t巩i壁s众t每i亿c怨sEstimatesforDescriptiveStatisticsThe流程ofestimatingthepopulationparametersfromsample(s)thatwastakenfromthepopulation.Samplemean,XPopulationmean,mSample标准偏差,SPopulation标准偏差,(whensamplesize,n>20)Estimated标准偏差,R/d2

Population标准偏差,(whensamplesize,n20)P垂r深o裹b喇a洲b均i颂l纠i妖t耽y展T杏h晚e药o化r怕yP磁r隙o围b墓a条b讲i截l纱i洒t响y棵i楚s杠t滔h麦e摊c宇h许a塑n古c材e持f粗o沉r系a惕n挖e跨v桂e肠n片t撕t央o骄o粪c管c裳u愿r税.S虎t竿a绞t松i迅s歉t到i街c膝a松l穷d洲e猎p调e盏n督d驱e患n残c毁e投/诊i脉n主d鞭e逗p棚e鄙n捧d筑e蛛n福c秀eP帽o地s凑t舟e绪r坡i耻o之r叠p飞r倾o粪b地a膨b脚i谎l涂i科t拍yR栗e派l旅a刃t多i锈v胶e爹f真r蹄e叉q哲u羞e光n网c歌yM尿a羞k速e左d冰e聚c漠i劫s翼i股o锐n含t迹h暴r志o芬u轨g取h节p裂r户o咸b芳a止b评i泻l矩i肤t羞y钱d愿i渗s汉t表r因i楚b轿u县t疑i贼o裤n购s(纯i拼.仁e残.行B充i取n棵o问m甩i殿a谨l促,择P及o哀i竭s蠢s献o纺n摊,撕N悼o牲r娃m队a龙l皇)CentralLimitTheoremRegardlesstheactualdistributionofthepopulation,thedistributionofthemeanforsub-groupsofsamplefromthatdistribution,willbenormallydistributedwithsamplemeanapproximatelyequaltothepopulationmean.Setconfidenceintervalforsamplebasedonnormaldistribution.Abasistocomparesamplesusingnormaldistribution,hencemakingstatisticalcomparisonoftheactualpopulations.Itdoesnotimpliesthatthepopulationisalwaysnormallydistributed.(Cp,Cpkmustalwaysbasedontheassumptionthat流程isnormal)I蛮n堂f埋e迁r免e索n幻玉t鲁i外a颗l食S塔t莫a菊t横i豆s刘t直i束c隙sT婚h懒e流书程o派f教i遣n跟t辫e剖r浅p滚r婆e印t屠i拾n追g爽t属h样e化s玻a涂m瓜p赛l起e义d袭a装t惰a碍t孕o柏d鸭r枕a理w菊c魄o笔n哀c屯l问u妻s动i耽o漫n技s日a绩b搂o亦u结t折t深h耕e垂p生o穴p蒙u躺l屑a衣t凤i刚o揉n牢f拼r帆o敢m旦w惧h捐i另c苗h贺t鹊h仔e浑s蚀a寸m岸p辩l漂e忆w容a纱s煤t唱a毛k薯e殊n栗.C轿o忙n坦f茂i悼d到e扯n引c伞e稻I雅n笑t比e易r现v培a逢l(影D期e算t遇e战r窗m维i守n届e揉c谋o洞n持f竞i旨d耐e姐n群c旧e程l坏e庄v鹅e尿l眨f件o死r院a衰s蹄a考m料p柴l伸i惠n服g辅m佳e税a育n谋t尚o惧f拿l大u舟c购t之u腰a疑t暴e忧)T洞-畅T辜e茅s乡丰t和F饶-孔T扩e址s券t(递D资e盖t厅e赢r记m爆i蕉n暖e吗i省f袍t盟h纯e淹u咽n简d峰e张r浴l星y更i捕n裹g察p塞o倘p警u抹l驳a宇t匹i忠o餐n妈s偏i增s蹈s晕i跪g度n讯i听f扑i膀c泼a廊n悟t剩l订y求d止i册f眉f禁e衬r布e锅n兄t叫i看n才t衰e班r靠m赵s纳o滥f议t专h洪e漠m丈e孟a轨n垂s和v席a辈r哭i臣a危t社i扩o壶n扛s陕)C鸟h洁i痛-良S米q膨u唤a浅r格e般T晕e门s却t缝o化f杠I区n粗d删e砍p挤e健n痕d种e雾n秀c扬e(管T鼓e差s唯t锹i会f痕t巡寿h麦e湾s言a端m断p铺l猾e组p汁r炼o召p藏o跃r胖t盖i功o辛n喉s艺a坝r胃e果s桌i潮g踩n禁i乞f破i狮c皱a众n相t援l踢y突d说i望f蚁f圣e脏r装e溪n统t撞)C箭o药r弊r厌e颂l贯a惜t夺i传o书n和R救e允g作r竖e池s页s怒i需o捡n(教D交e城t齐e手r否m幸i辩n守e雨i绞f关壮系h都i穷p液b题e疯t教w吼e逢e质n散v狡a余r江i酒a芬b镇l宫e逢s全e达x捆i辟s松t繁s洁,和g魄e市n晕e厌r夜a艰t援e挎m耍o笑d仿e视l趟e粱q菠u俊a逃t免i氏o屿n辞t稳o观p仅r谣e尺d塔i屠c派t帝t流h仆e票o贝u茅t矿c竖o狂m恳e怨o特f袄a钓s林i装n缴g所l治e斤o患u仰t掠p崖u库t堪v寸a煌r结i沃a或b宾l子e塞)C贞e便n脉t柴r拒a弯l支L因i经m锦i迁t堵T窜h微e性o素r绘e展mThemeanxofthesamplingdistributionwillapproximatelyequaltothepopulationmeanregardlessofthesamplesize.Thelargerthesamplesize,thecloserthesamplemeanistowardsthepopulationmean.2. Thesamplingdistributionofthemeanwillapproachnormalityregardlessoftheactualpopulationdistribution.3. Itassuresusthatthesamplingdistributionofthemeanapproachesnormalasthesamplesizeincreases.m=150Populationdistributionx=150Samplingdistribution(n=5)x=150Samplingdistribution(n=20)x=150Samplingdistribution(n=30)m=150Populationdistributionx=150Samplingdistribution(n=5)某瘦些t贷a柔k勒e毙a尘w烦a当y张s孕f顿o胸r忽s誓a呆m逐p敢l击e案s键i纠z配e和s痕a据m续p俱l就i踩n侨g昏d胸i疤s租t割r顶i弃b凭u宰t踏i致o堤n

Forlargesamplesize(i.e.n30),thesamplingdistributionofxwillapproachnormalityregardlesstheactualdistributionofthesampledpopulation.Forsmallsamplesize(i.e.n<30),thesamplingdistributionofxisexactlynormalifthesampledpopulationisnormal,和willbeapproximatelynormalifthesampledpopulationisalsoapproximatelynormallydistributed.Thepointestimateofpopulation标准偏差usingSequationmay提供apoorestimationifthesamplesizeissmall.IntroductiontoStudenttDistrbutionDiscoveredin1908byW.S.GossetfromGuinnessBreweryinIreland.Tocompensatefor标准偏差dependenceonsmallsamplesize.Containtworandomquantities(x和S),whereasnormaldistributioncontainsonlyonerandomquantity(xonly)Assamplesizeincreases,thetdistributionwillbecomeclosertothatofstandardnormaldistribution(orzdistribution).P巧e胁r恶c磁e遭n培t抓i占l液e徒s弄o窄f露t乓h各e血t枣D限i扯s奖t竞r步i拔b秤u元t扇i从o争nW斤h棵e拖r键e抓b纲y棵,d乌f输=塘D逼e鸭g成r肾e嫌e枕o竞f西f谨r调e呢e渣d笑o朴m=淡n榆(卷s挪a乏m窝p贪l它e荡s溜i里z唉e选)搬–葱1S嫩h箩a念d城e盾d道a蔬r刺e霸a垄=穿o胸n捎e晕-柿t缴a肿i弱l降e壮d炕p宝r号o每b养a至b鹊i蕉l诉i愧t稀y昨o瓣f筛o渡c再c渡u撒r及e粘n顾c万ea=塔1殊–镇S牢h拾a晋d作e迫d件a牧r厅e步aA柏p月p挎l注i卫c榜a螺b垮l陶e窄w太h版e狸n散:S最a辆m拍p根l普e叮s汇i惯z喝e腥<申3段0标石准滑偏占差i研s萍u曾n素k临n糟o抄w扮nP乳o惊p窜u躲l江a宏t青i缴o唐n滥d慨i狠s榆t凶r绑i普b伤u偷t肉i宇o行n岗i久s暑a教t仙l谋e庄a蜡s美t麻a捎p减p枣r叶o寨x燥i难m灶a爽t源e杨l铺y港n型o效r扫m趋a联l枕l阵y尽d厚i坝s妻t有r剪i公b驰u外t洋e邪dt(a,u)aAreaunderthecurveP叛e婶r祸c独e设n州t牧i汗l旱e仙s借o棋f鸟t原h桂e你N饿o估r环m心a透l五D戚i溜s长t山r蚊i右b植u兽t哨i袭o胆n船/炊Z浩D膀i心s便t器r绿i图b俗u肢t危i谣o末nZaAreaunderthecurveW利h振e职r思e也b驾y进,S恼h美a慕d躺e拉d怀a枕r告e翻a茫=缩慧o释n没e养-房诚t虾a舰i私l柄e尼d桌p惨r四o离b泳a颂b稳i谣l题i忍t节y添o尿f核o面c侨c或u圆r钓e许n继c冲ea=就1汤–跳S迷h爪a坝d架e春d饰a快r盆e桨aS念t必u业d潮e志n封t呀t祖D义i值s及t搅r巴b叼u芽t帽i叉o瞧n健e铅x按a艰m伍p丸l腔eF霉D鞋A扑r曲e敢q俩u气i浪r阀e歇s荐p剑h疤a业r爪m侧a具c皮e厌u把t留i导c瓣a潜l侨c抽o迈m胡p眯a映n始i洁e破s仗t斗o李p钓e音r刑f瓣o软r伐m圈e泛x殊t撕e爹n脸s崭i鹅v朗e买t滥e标s牌t颈s霉o外n揭a项l固l桃n横e风w某d歌r摘u终g专s鹅b个e焰f颤o达r暗e畏t哈h蛇e的y参c菌a泼n断b酱e短m芹a胸r轨k狂e证t库e肝d惧t理o病t绵h进e请p惰u娱b止l阵i眼c滤.喘T尊h戒e款f恭i厕r冷s邮t停p码h液a趟s窗e丑o坚f志t完e散s仰t猪i活n盖g只w抹i修l皮l岔b堡e雹o雪n剂a贷n眼i富m瓜a膨l乡丰s想,绑w管h弓i瓦l说e注t敲h萝e愿s刚e孤c值o肢n秀d贝p默h乖a末s惜e腥w肝i鸦l卡l歪b的e开o撕n吼h助u土m膝a住n纤o妹n坟a求l笨i侵m寻i陷t贪e链d讽b寺a店s告i拢s尖.厚P猪W映D车i苏s权a较p瓜h填a姥r浸m逆a厚c排e带u酷t州i血c宝a墨l牛c蛛o佣m酬p雹a占n脉y砌c系u暴r去r扫e睁n黑t厦l怨y总i旗n止t占h尊e机s舍e伪c谣o扇n找d盛p昂h条a腐s村e慌o易f讨t宴e省s铃t件i竹n俱g存o傲n塑a钢n派e番w涌a痰n歉t饱i串b在i卧o过t缝i居c鸟p夫r巡寿o榆j锈e礼c下t天.滑T弟h软e袭c朴h斤e酷m葬i遣s相t爽s纸a哈r通e驴i窗n姨t铺e详r置e探s市t俘e克d阳t盯o版k哥n震o完w鹅t犬h策e跳e浙f呜f畏e踏c越t新o显f省t针h锦e艰n眠e漫w刷a累n帜t纸i寸b接i扫o杯t鹿i棍c吉o须n毁t剥h茎e禽h翅u拳m陵a贷n圆b支l刊o刮o桌d长p姜r沿e抛s疏s债u遗r虑e改,和t揉h翻e纪y膏a光r袍e披o恐n射l代y供a毯l仅l我o储w墓e步d我t茫o银t音e圾s这t蝇o膊n揭6变p庭a校t闯i塌e养n朋t叼s种.镰T肤h办e策r昼e出s拍u箭l申t辫o扶f源t厕h算e宏i椅n柄c仅r寻e捞a浩s甜e辛i丈n版b迎l锋o鞭o赴d豆p粥r孟e踪蝶s绩s馋u趴r妄e挎o溪f唤t羽h伤e妈6辣t假e雾s乌t础e识d盲p闸a哈t尽i亭e愉n冷t它s户a拴r状e际a取s闻b谦e光l棵o赛w框:(远1叹.越7焰,朴3僻.慢0丙,告0桶.筒8染,稿3吊.趟4逼,闭2裹.仙7阵,纲2脊.叹1产)C垒o俯n起s露t栗r练u巡寿c冻t扇a抚9参5超%巨c犹o胞n蜘f劫i笑d邀e添n黄c纲e刊i两n良t兔e猪r南v战a赚l究f唇o脑r拔t悬h湖e浙a衔v株e搂r擦a地g志e升i嘴n支c颈r炕e稻a词s芝e霉i何n娇b敬l吹o绒o松d距p好r聋e惕s锅s盖u榨r愤e邪f铜o素r陪p饭a追t止i约e蛋n盏t丘s木t低a邻k胸i择n科g危t跌