英语四级长篇匹配阅读练习题

HateYourJob? HowtoReshapeOnceuponatime,ifyouhatedyourjob,youeitherquitorbityourlip.Thesedays,agroupofresearchersistrumpetingathirdoption:shapeyourjobsoifsmorefruitfulthanfutile."Weoftengettrappedintothinkingaboutourjobasalistofthingstodoandalistofresponsibilities,"saysAmyWrzesniewski,anassociateprofessorattheYaleSchoolofManagement."Butwhatifyousetasidethatmind-set?"Ifyoucouldadjustwhatyoudo,shesays,"whowouldyoustarttalkingto,whatothertaskswouldyoutakeon,andwhowouldyouworkwith?"Tomakelivelihoodsmorelively,WrzesniewskiandhercolleaguesJaneDuttonandJustinBerghavedevelopedamethodologytheycalljob-crafting.They’reworkingwithFortune500companies,smallerfirmsandbusinessschoolstochangethewayAmericansthinkaboutwork.Theideaistomakealljobs--evenmundane(平凡的)onesmoremeaningfulbyempoweringemployeestobrainstormandimplementsubtlebutsignificantworkceadjustments.Step1:RethinkYourJob--"Thedefaultsomepeoplewakeuptoisdraggingthemselvestoworkandfacingalistofthingstheyhavetodo,"saysWrzesniewski.Sointhejob-craftingprocess,thefirststepistothinkaboutyourjobholistically.Youfirstyzehowmuchtime,energyandattentionyoudevotetoyourvarioustasks.Thenyoureflectonthatallocation(分配).SeeI0perfectjobsfortherecession--andafter.Take,forexample,amaintenancetechnicianatBurt’sBees,whichal-careproducts.Hewasinterestedinprocessengineering,thoughthatwasn’tpartofhisjobdescription.Toalterthescopeofhisday-to-dayactivities,thetechnicianaskedasupervisorifhecouldspendsometimestudyinganideahehadformakingthefirm’smanufacturingproceduresmoreenergy-efficient.Hisideasprovedhelpful,andnowprocessengineeringispartofthescopeofhiswork.BarbaraFredrickson,authorofPositivityandaprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill,saysit’scrucialforpeopletopayattentiontotheirworkdayemotions."ngso,"shesays,"willhelpyoudiscoverwhichaspectsofyourworkaremostlife-giving-andmostlife-draining."Manyofusgetstuckinruts().Berg,aPh.D.studentattheWhartonSchoolattheUniversityofPennsylvaniawhohelpeddevelopthejob-craftingmethodology,saysweallbenefitfromperiodicallyrethinkingwhatwedo."Eveninthemostconstrainingjobs,peoplehaveacertainamountofwiggleroom,"hesays."Smallchangescanhavearealimpactonlifeatwork."Step2:DiagramYourTolaythegroundworkforchange,job-craftingparticipantsassemblediagramsdetailingtheirworkdayactivities.Thefirstobjectiveistodevelopnewinsightsaboutwhatyouactuallydoatwork.Thenyoucandreamupfreshwaystointegratewhatthejob-craftingexercisecallsyour"strengths,motivesandpassions"intoyourdailyroutine.Youconverttasklistsintoflexiblebuildingblocks.Theendresultisan"after"diagramthatcanserveasamapforspecificchanges.lnaLockau-Vogel,amanagementconsultantwhoparticipatedinarecentjob-craftingworkshop,saystheexercisehelpedheradjustherpriorities."Before,1wouldspendsomuchtimereactingtorequestsandfocusingonurgenttasksthatIneverhadtimetoaddresstherealimportantissues."Aspartofthejob-craftingprocess,shedecidedonastrategyfordelegatingandoutsourcing(外包)moreofheradministrativeresponsibilities.Incontrasttobusinessbooksthatcounsel,managerstoinfluenceworkersthroughincentives,job-craftingfocusesonwhatemployeesthemselvescandotore-envisionandadjustwhattheydoeveryday.GiventhataccordingtotheBureauofLaborStatistics,itnowtakestheaveragejobseekermorethansixmonthstofindanewposition,it’scrucialtomakethemostofthejobyou’vegot.Step3:IdentifyJobLovesandByreorienting(使适应)howyouthinkaboutyourjob,youyourselfupfornewideasabouthowtorestructureyourworkdaytimeandenergy.TakeanITworkerwhohatesdealingwithtechnologically petentcallers.Hemightenjoyteachingmorethancustomerservice.Byspendingmoretimeinstructingcolleagues--andtreatinghelp-linecallersascuriousstudentsoftech--thedisgruntled canmakethemostofhis9-to-5position.Dutton,aprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan’sRossSchoolofBusiness,saysshehasseenlocalauto-industryworkersbenefitfromthejob-craftingprocess."Theycomeinlookingworndown,butafterspendingtwohoursonthisexercise,theycomeawaythinkingaboutthreeorfourthingstheycandodifferently.""Theystarttorecognizetheyhavemorecontrolovertheirworkthantheyrealized,"saysDutton,whopamperedwithWrzesniewskiontheoriginaljob-craftingStep4:PutYourIdeasintoToconcludethejob-craftingprocess,participantslistspecificfollow-upsteps:Manynaone-0n-onemeetingwithasupervisortoproposenewprojectideas.Othersconnectwithcolleaguestotalkabouttradingcertaintasks.Bergsaysaslongastheirgoalsaremet,manymanagersarehappytoletemployeesadjusthowtheyJob-craftingisn’taboutrevenue,perse,butjuicingup()engagementmayendupbeefingupthebottomline.Amidsalary,jobandbenefitcuts,moreandmoreworkersaredisgruntled.Surveysshowthatmorethan50%aren’thappywithwhattheydo.Dutton,BergandWrzesniewskiarguethatemphasizingenjoymentcanboostefficiencybyloweringturnoverratesandjackingupproductivity.Job-craftingwon’tridyouofalousybossorasubparsalary,butitdoesoffersomeremediesforjobdissatisfaction.Ifyoucan’tditchorswitchajob,atleastmakeitmorelikable.Alongtimeagowhen hatedhis/herjob,he/shewillresignorbearAmyWrzesniewskithinkjobcouldbeYourfirstthingtodointhejob-craftingprocessistothinkaboutyourjobwholly.TheideaofamaintenancetechnicianatBurt’sBeesturnedouttobehelpfulandenergy-efficient.Berg’ssuggestionaboutworkistorethinkandmakesmallAccordingtoInaLockau-Vogel,thebenefitfromjob-craftingisthatithelpshersetprioritiesproperly.AccordingtotheBureauofLaborStatistics,thesituationinjobmarketisitisdifficulttofindajob.Duttonhasseenthatlocalauto-industryworkersprofitfromthejob-craftingAccordingtoBerg,ifthejob-craftingprocessissuccessful,thesupervisorsarewillingtoletemployeesadjustwhattodo.Ifyoucan’tquityourjob,usingjob-craftingmayatleastoffersomeremediesforjobdissatisfaction.的AmyWrzesniewski及其同事却提出了一个新的理念：雕琢工作看法，使工作更。A根据题干信息词hated和jobBAmyWrzesniewskijob定位到文章第二段，即：我们经但是，如果你换一种心态呢?如果做些什么可以调整这种心态呢?也就是说AmyWrzesniewski认为工作是可以调整的，故选段落B。DA根据题于信息词first和inthejob-craftingprocess定位到第一个小标题下的job-crafting的过程中，首先就是要整体考虑你的工作，故选段EAtBurt’sBees和maintenancetechnician定位到第一个小标题下的第二段：在Burt’sBees的一个技术人员，对程序工程感，虽然这不G作状态会有实实在在的影响。故本题选段落G。I根据题干信息词job-crafting和InaLockau—Vogel定位到文章第二个小标题下的第二段：Inajob—crafting调整事情的优先级别，priority意为“优先，优先权”，故选段落IJ根据题干信息词theBureauofLaborStatistics定位到文章第二个标题下的第J。LDutton和localauto-industryworkers定位到文章第三个小标题下的第二段：Dutton说她已经看到当地汽车行业的工作者受益于job—craftingN根据题干信息词thejob—craftingprocess和employees定位到文章第四个小标题下的第一段末句：Berg说，一旦他们的目标实现，许多管理者都乐意让他to同义。O根据题于信息词quit，atleast和forjobdissatisfaction定位到文章末段最后两此选段落O。PASSAGE Paper--MorethanMeetstheWearesurroundedbysomuchpaperandcardthatitiseasytoforgetjusthowcomplexitis.Therearemanyvarietiesandgradesofpapermaterials,andwhilstitisfairlyeasytospotthevarieties,itisfarmoredifficulttospotthegrades.Itneedstobeunderstoodthatmostpaperandcardismanufacturedforaspecificpurpose,sothatwhilstthecorn-flakepacketmaylooksmart,itisclearlynotsomethingdestinedforthearchives.Itismadetolookgood,butonlyneedsalimitedlifespan.Itisalsomuchcheapertomanufacturethanhighgradecard.Papercanbemadefromanalmostendlessvarietyofcellulose-basedmaterialwhichwillincludemanywoods,cottonsandgrassesorwhichpapyrusisanexampleandfromwherewegettheword"paper".Manyoftheseareveryspecialized,butthepreponderanceofpapermakinghasbeenfromsoftwoodandcottonorrags,withthebulkbeingwood-based.PaperfromInordertomakewoodintopaperitneedstobebrokendownintofinestrands.Firstlybypowerfulmachineryandthenboiledwithstrongalkaliessuchascausticsoda,untilafinepulpofcellulosefibersisproduced.Itisfromthispulpthatthefinalproductismade,relyingonthebondingtogetherofthecelluloseintolayers.That,inaverysmallnuts,istheessenceofpapermakingfromwood.However,therealityisrathermorecomplicated.Inordertogiveusourwhitepaperandcard,themakerswilladdbleachandothermaterialssuchas clayandadditionalchemicals.Afurtherproblemwithwoodisthatitcontainsamaterialthatisnotcellulose.Somethingcalledlignin.Thisisessentialforthetreesinceitholdsthecellulosefibrestogether,butifitisincorporatedintothemanufacturedpaperitpresentsarchivistswithaproblem.Lignineventuallybreaksdownandreleasesacidproductsintothepaper.Thiswillweakenthebondbetweenthecellulosefibersandthepaperwillebrittleandlookratherbrownandcareworn.Wehaveallseenthisinoldnewspapersandcheappaperbackbooks.Ithasbeenestimatedthatmostpaperbackbookswillhavealifeofnotgreaterthanfiftyyears.NotwhatweneedforSincethelignincanberemovedfromthepaperpulpduringmanufacture,theobviousquestionis"whyisitleftinthepaper?"Theanswerliesinthefactthatligninmakesupaconsiderablepartofthetree.Byleavingthelignininthepulpapapermakercanincreasehispaperyieldfromatreetosome95%.Removingitmeansayieldofonly35%.Itisclearlyuneconomictoremovetheligninformanypaperandcardapplications.Italsomeans,ofcourse,thatlignin-paperisgoingtobemoreexpensive,butthatisneverthelesswhatthearchivistmustlookforinhiss.Thereisnopointwhatsoeverincarefullycingourvaluableartifactsinpaperorcardthatisgoingtohastentheirdemise.Acidisparticularlyharmfultophotographicmaterials,causingthemtofadeandissomecasessimplyvanish!So,howdowelapieceofsuitablepaperorcardfromonethatisunsuitable?Youcannotdoitbysimplylooking,andratherdisappointingly,youcannotalwaysrelyonthelabel."Acid-"mightbetrueinasmuchasatestonthepapermayindicatethatitisaneutralmaterialatthistime.Butlignincantakeyearsbeforeitstartstheinevitableprocessofbreakingdown,andintherightconditionsitwillspeedupenormously.Addedtothis,asIhaveindicatedearlier,papermayalsocontainothermaterialsaddedduringmanufacturesuchasbleach, clay,chemicalwhitenersandsize.Thislookslikeableakpicture,anditwouldbebutforthefactthattherearerswhowillguaranteethematerialthattheysell.Ifyouwanttobeabsoluysurethatyouarestoringin,orprintingon,thecorrectmaterialthenthisisprobablytheonlyway.ally,acidscanmigratefrommaterialtomaterial.Liningoldshoeboxeswithgoodqualityacid-paperwilldolittletoguardthecontents.Theacidwillgetthereintheend.PaperfromPaperisalsocommonlymadefromcottonandragwaste.Thishastheadvantageofbeinglignin-,butbecausethereismuchlesscottonandragthantrees,italsotendstobemuchmoreexpensivethanwoodpulppaper.Youwillstillneedtopurchasefromareliablesourcethough,sinceevenragpaperandcardcancontainundesirableadditives.Areliablesourceforqualityragpapersisarecognizedartstockiest.Manywatercolorsinsistonusingonlyfinequalityragpaperandboard.Themainlessontolearnfromthisinformationisthatyoucannotrelyonpurchasingarchivalmaterialsfromthehighstreet.Theonlysafesolutionistopurchasefromspecialistrs.Itmaycostrathermore,butintheendyouwillknowthatyourimportantandvaluabledataandimageshavethebesthomepossible.Thecorn-flakepacketischeaperthanhighgradeTherearealotofmaterialswhichcanbeusedformakingpaper,butthesuperiorityonesaresoftwood,cottonandrags.Duringthewholemanufacturingprocess,thefinalproductismadefromapulpofcellulosefibres.Inordertomakewhitepaperandcard,themakerswilladdLiguinisessentialforthetreebutitwillmakepapereasytoManypaperproducerswillpreserveligninduringmanufacture,becauseleavingtheligninwillmakemorepaperfromatree.AcidisparticularlyharmfultophotographicIftheligninisremovedfromthepaper,thepaperwillbemoreAlthoughoflignin,papermadefromcottonandragwastecanalsocostmoremoneythanwoodpulppaperbecausethereismuchlesscottonandragthanWhatwecanlearnfrom"PaperfromRag"isthatyouhadbetterbuyarchivalmaterialsfromspecialistrs.B根据题干中的信息提示词corn—flakepacket,highgradecard,可定位到文章第二段，该部分最后提到corn-flakepacket在制造过程中比高等级的纸(highgradecard)便宜.C根据题干中的信息提示词softwood，cottonandrags，可定位到文章第D根据题干中的信息提示词finalproduct，可将答案定位到D段，第二、Dwhitepaperandcard，可将答案定位到D段，E根据题干中的信息提示词essentialforthetree，可将答案定位到E段，F根据题干中的信息提示词lignin，可将答案定位到F段，该部分最后提G根据题干中的信息提示词acid，可将答案定位到G段，该部分最后提F根据题干中的信息提示词lignin和paper可定位到文章的F段，因为该K根据题干中的信息提示词cottonandragwasteK段，M根据题干中的信息提示词PaperfromRa9可定位到文章的最后一段，该部分提出最好到专业的供应商那里去买材料，由此可以得出答案。PASSAGE PreparingforComputerSummary:Whenhomeofficecomputersgodown,manysmallbusinessesgrindtoahalt.Fortunay,takingstepstorecoverfromdisastersandminimizetheireffectsisquitestraightforward.Fires,powersurges,andfloods,they'reallfactsoflife.Wereadabouttheminthemorningpaperandseethemontheeveningnews.Wesympathizewiththevictimsandcommiserateovertheirbadluck.Wealsoshakeourheadsatthedigitalconsequences—meltedcomputers,systemfailures,destroyeddata.Yet,somehow,manyofuscontinuetolivebythatoldmantraofdenial:"Itwon'thappentome."Well,thetruthis,atsomepointyou'llprobablyhavetodealwithatleastonedisaster.That'sjusthowitgoes,andinmostaspectsofourliveswedosomethingaboutit.Webuyinsurance.Westowawayprovisions.Weevenmakedisasternsandrundrills.Butforsomereason,computerdisasterrecoveryisablindspotformanyofus.Itshouldn'tbe.Homecomputerscontainsomeofourmostimportantinformation,bothbusinessand al,andmakingcertainourdatasurvivesadisastershouldbeapriority.Moreover,eventhesmallestdisastercanbeaseriousdisruption.alcomputershave eanintegralpartofthesmooth-runninghousehold.Weusethemtocommunicate,shop,anddo,andthey'reevenmorevitaltohomeofficeusers.Whenhomeofficecomputersgodown,manysmallbusinessesgrindtoahalt.Fortunay,takingstepstorecoverfromdisastersandminimizetheireffectsisquitestraightforward.Withagoodoffsitestoragenandtherighttools,youcanbouncebackquicklyandeasilyfromminorcomputerdisasters.And,shouldamajorcalamitystrike,youcanrestassuredyourdataissafe.OffsiteStorage:MajorHousefiresandfloodsareamongthemostdevastatingcausesof computerdestruction.That'swhyasolidoffsitebackupandrecoverynisessential.Althoughmanyhomeusersfaithfullybackuptheirharddrives,manywouldstilllosealltheirdatashouldtheirhousefloodourburn.That'sbecausetheykeeptheirbackupsinrelativelyclosetotheircomputers.Theirbackupdisksmightnotbeinthesameroomastheircomputers—tuckedawayinaclosetoreventhegarage—butthey'renotnearlyfarenoughawayshouldaseriousdisasterstrike.So,it'simportanttobackupyoursystemtoaremovablemediumandtostoreitelsewhere.Therearemanywaystoapproachoffsitestorage.Itstartswithchoiceofbackuptoolsandstoragemedium.Disastersituationsarestressful,andyourrecoverytoolsshouldn'taddtothatstress.Theymustbedependableandintuitive,makingiteasytoscheduleregularbackupsandtoretrievefilesinapinch.Theymustalsobecompatiblewithyourchoiceofbackupmedium.Dependingonyourtools,youcanbackuptoavarietyofdurabledisktypes—fromCDstoJazdrivestoremotenetworkservers.Althoughmanyofthesestoragemediahavehighcapacity,abackuptoolwithcompressioncapabilitiesisabigplus,eliminatingtheinconvenienceofmultipledisksorlargeuploads.Onceyouselectyourtoolsandasuitablemedium,youneedtofindaremotecetostoreyourbackups.Theoptionsareendless.However,nomatterwhereyouchoose,besurethesiteissecure,easilyaccessible,andagooddistanceawayfromyourhome.YoumayalsowanttoconsiderusinganInternet-basedbackupservice.Moreandmoreserviceprovidersareofferingstoragespaceontheirservers,anduploadingfilestoaremotelocationhas eanattractivealternativetoconventionaloffsitestorage.Ofcourse,beforeusingoneoftheseservices,makecertainyoucompleytrusttheserviceprovideranditssecuritymethods.Whateveryoudo,schedulebackupsregularlyandstorethemfarawayfromyourhome.ComeWhatMay:HandlingtheGardenVarietyComputerNotallhomecomputerdamageresultsfromphysicaldisaster.ManylessmenacingproblemscanalsohobbleyourPCordestroyyourinformation.Systemscrash,kids"rearrange"data,adultsinadvertentlydeletefiles.Althoughtheseeventsmightnotseemcalamitous,theycanhaveseriousimplications.So,onceagain,it'simportanttobeprepared.Aswithphysicaldisasters,regularbackupsareessential.However,someofthesesmallerissuesrequirearesponsethat'smorenuancedthanwholesalebackupandrestoration.Todealwithless-than-totaldisaster,yourtoolsetmustbebothpowerfulandagile.Forexample,whenasmallnumberoffilesarecompromised,youmaywanttoretrievethosefilesalone.Meanwhile,ifjustyoursettingsareaffected,you'llwantasimplewaytorollbacktoyourpreferredsetup.Yet,shouldyouroperatingsystemfail,you'llneedawaytobootyourcomputerandperformlarge-scalerecovery.Computercrisescomeinallshapesandsizes,andyourbackupandrecoverytoolsmustbeflexibleenoughtomeeteachchallenge.TheRightToolsfortheRightJob:GearingupforWhendisasterstrikes,thequalityofyourbackuptoolscanmakethedifferencebetweenutterfrustrationandpeaceofmind.Symantecunderstandsthisandoffersarangeoftopqualitybackupandrecoverysolutions.NortonGoBackistheperfecttoolforrandomsystemcrashes,failedinstallations,andinadvertentdeletions.Withthispowerfulandconvenientsolution,it'ssimpletoretrieveoverwrittenfilesortobringyoursystembacktoitspre-crashstate.NortonGhostisatime-testedhomeofficesolution.Equippedtohandlefull-scalebackups,it'salsohandyforcloningharddrivesandfacilitatingsystemupgrades.AfavoritechoiceforITprofessionals,it'stheidealtoolfortheburgeoninghomeoffice.YoucanbuyNortonGhostandNortonGoBackseparay,orgetthembothwhenyoupurchaseNortonSystemWorks.Life'sdisasters,largeandsmall,oftencatchusbysurprise.However,withalittlenningandtherighttools,youcanreducethosedisasterstobumpsintheroad.So,don'twaitanotherday.Buyagoodsetofdisasterrecoverytools,setupanautomaticbackupschedule,andperformadryruneverynowandagain.Then,restYoushouldtakestepstorecoverfromcomputerdisasterssoastominimizetheireffects.Forsomereason,computerdisasterrecoveryisalwaysignoredbymanyofYoucanbouncebackquicklyandeasilyminorcomputerdisasterswiththehelpofagoodoffsitestoragenandtherighttools.Themostdevastatingcausesof alcomputerdestructionincludeshousefiresandfloods.It'snecessaryforustobackupoursystemstosometransferablemediumandtoputitsomewhereelse.Youshouldfindadistantcetostoreyourbackupsafterselectingyourtoolsandasuitablemedium.NotonlyphysicaldisastercandamageyourThebackupandrecoverytoolsmustbeflexibleenoughtodealwithvariouscomputercrises.Thequalityofyourbackuptoolsdetermineswhetheryouarefrustratedorhaveapeacefulmindwhendisasterstrikes.Youshouldprepareforyourcomputerdisastersnowand1.A根据题干中的信息词recoverfromcomputerdisastersBcomputerdisasterrecoverymanyofus定位到本文11句话，computerdisasterrecoveryisablindspotformanyofus。B根据题干中的信息词offsitestoragenandtherighttools定位到本文的C根据题干中的信息词mostdevastatingcauses定位到第一个小标题下第一段的第一句话可知原文提到了家庭火灾和水灾是个人电脑的最具性的根源。Cbackupoursystemmedium定位到第一个小标题下E根据题干中的信息词findaremotecetostoreyourbackups定位到第一FphysicaldisasterFbackupandrecoverytoolscomputercrises定位到GThequalityofyourbackuptoolsfrustrated定位到Hprepareforyourcomputer，总结文章最后一段大意即PASSAGE4.HowtoMakeAttractiveandEffectiveA)hasdramaticallychangedthewayinwhichacademicandbusinesspresentationsaremade.Thisarticleoutlinesfewtipsonmakingmoreeffectiveandattractivepresentations.TheKeepthewordingclearandsimple.Useactive,visuallanguage.Cutunnecessarywords—agoodruleofthumbistocutparagraphsdowntosentences,sentencesintophrases,andphrasesinto .Limitthenumberofwordsandlinesperslide.TrytheRuleofFive-fivewordsperline,fivelinesperslide.Iftoomuchtextappearsononeslide,usetheAutoFitfeaturetosplititbetweentwoslides.ClickwithintheceholdertodisytheAutoFitOptionsbutton(itssymbolistwohorizontallineswitharrowsaboveandbelow),thenclickonthebuttonandchooseSplitTextbetweenTwoSlidesfromthesub.Fontsizefortitlesshouldbeatleast36to40,whilethetextbodyshouldnotbesmallerthan24.Useonlytwofontstylesperslide—oneforthetitleandtheotherforthetext.Choosetwofontsthatvisuallycontrastwitheachother.GaramondMediumCondensedandImpactaregoodfortitles,whileGaramondorTempusSanscanbeusedforthetextbody.Embedthefontsinyourpresentation,ifyouarenotsurewhetherthefontsusedinthepresentationarepresentinthecomputerthatwillbeusedforthepresentation.Toembedthefonts:(1)OntheFile,clickSaveAs.(2)Onthetoolbar,clickTools,clickSaveOptions,selecttheEmbedTrueTypeFontscheckbox,andthenselectEmbedcharactersinuseonly.Usecolorssparingly;twotothreeatmost.Youmayuseonecolorforallthetitlesandanotherforthetextbody.Beconsistentfromslidetoslide.Chooseafontcolorthatcontrastswellwiththebackground.Capitalizingthefirstletterofeachwordisgoodforthetitleofslidesandsuggestsamoreformalsituationthanhavingjustthefirstletterofthefirstwordcapitalized.Inbulletpointlines,capitalizethefirstwordandnootherwordsunlesstheynormallyappearcapped.Upperandlowercaseletteringismorereadablethanallcapitalletters.Moreover,currentstylesindicatethatusingallcapitallettersmeansyouareshouting.Ifyouhavetextthatisinthewrongcase,selectthetext,andthenclickShift+F3untilitchangestothecasestylethatyoulike.ClickingShift+F3togglesthetextcasebetweenALLCAPS,lowercase,andInitialCapitalstyles.Useboldoritalictypefaceforemphasis.Avoidunderlining,itcluttersupthepresentation.Don’tcenterbulletedlistsortext.Itisconfusingtoread.Leftalignunlessyouhaveagoodreasonnotto.Run“spellcheck”onyourshowwhenfinished.TheBackgroundKeepthebackgroundconsistent.Simple,lighttexturedbackgroundsworkwell.Complicatedtexturesmakethecontenthardtoread.Ifyouarenningtousemanyclipsinyourslides,selectawhitebackground.Ifthevenueofyourpresentationisnotadequaylight-proof,selectadark-coloredbackgroundanduseanylightcolorfortext.Minimizetheuseof“bellsandwhistles”suchassoundeffects,“flyingwords”andmultipletransitions.Don’tuseredinanyfontsorbackgrounds.Itisanemotionallyoverwhelmingcolorthatisdifficulttoseeandread.TheAnimationsarebestusedsubtly;toomuchflashandmotioncandistractandannoyviewers.DonotrelytooheavilyonthoseimagesthatwereoriginallyloadedonyourcomputerwiththerestofOffice.YoucaneasilyfindappropriateclipsonanytopicthroughImages.Whilesearchingforimages,donotuselongsearchphrasesasisusuallydonewhilesearchingtheweb-usespecificwords.Whenimportingpictures,makesurethattheyaresmallerthantwomegabytesandareina.jpgformat.Largerfilescanslowdownyourshow.Keepgraphs,chartsanddiagramssimple,ifpossible.Usebargraphsandpiechartsinsteadoftablesofdata.Theaudiencecanthenimmediaypickuptherelationships.TheIfyouwantyourpresentationtodirectlyopenintheslideshowview,saveitasaslideshowfileusingthefollowingsteps.Openthepresentationyouwanttosaveasaslideshow.OntheFile,clickSaveAs.IntheSaveastypelist,clickShow.Yourslideshowfilewillbesavedwithapptfileextension.Whenyoudouble-clickonthisfile,itwillautomaticallystartyourpresentationinslideshowview.Whenyou’redone,automaticallyclosesandyoureturntothedesktop.Ifyouwanttoedittheslideshowfile,youcanalwaysopenitfrombyclickingOpenontheFile.Lookattheaudience,notattheslides,wheneverpossible.Ifusingalaserpointer,don’tmoveittoofast.Forexample,ifcirclinganumberontheslide,doitslowly.Neverpointthelaserattheaudience.Blackoutthescreen(use“B”onthekeyboard)afterthepointhasbeenmade,toputthefocusonyou.Pressthekeyagaintocontinueyourpresentation.Youcanusetheshortcutcommand[Ctrl]PtoaccessthePentoolduringaslideshow.ClickwithyourmouseanddragtousethePentooltodrawduringyourslideshow.Toeraseeverythingyou’vedrawn,presstheEkey.ToturnoffthePentool,press[Esc]once.MasterSlideSet-Up:The“masterslide”willallowyoutomakechangesthatarereflectedoneveryslideinyourpresentation.Youcanchangefonts,colors,backgrounds,headers,andfootersatthe“masterslide”level.First,gotothe.Pulldownthe“Master”.Selectthe“slidemaster”.Youmaynowmakechangesatthislevelthatmeetyourpresentationneeds.Thewaysinwhichacademicandbusinesspresentationsaremadehavebeenchangedby.Whenmakingthe,thewordingofthetextshouldnotbeIneachslide,thefontstylesforthetitleandthetextshouldcontrastwitheachAmoreformalsituationiscapitalizingthefirstletterofthefirstCenteringbulletedlistsortextcannothelptoSoundeffectsshouldbeusedaslessfrequentlyasWhenimportingpictures,makesurethattheyaresmallerthantwoWhenmakingthepresentation,youshouldlookattheaudienceaspossibleasyouPressingtheEkeycanhelpyoutoeraseeverythingyou'veInordertomeetyourpresentationneeds,youcanmakechangesatthe“slideA段讲到了微软的对学术及商业陈述形式的改变可以直接定BwordingofthetextC根据题干中的信息词thefontstyl