2023年考研考博考博英语西南政法大学考试历年高频考试题专家版答案

2023年考研考博考博英语西南政法大学考试历年高频考试题专家版答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Thetouristsaidthattheanimalbelongedtoa（

）thathehadn'tseenbefore.问题1选项A.speciesB.specimenC.spectrumD.sample2.单选题Whethertheirfootballteamwillwinisamatterof（

）tome.问题1选项A.indifferenceB.discriminationC.deviationD.interests3.单选题Alargebuildingmayhaveaheating（

）bywhichalltheroomaresteam-heated.问题1选项A.applianceB.apparatusC.furnitureD.equipment4.单选题Ifoundtherewasalotof（

）theftinthisarea.问题1选项A.pettyB.prettyC.majorD.peril5.单选题Thementalcommoditymostdemandwillbepracticalwisdomratherthanspecialized（

）.问题1选项A.experimentB.expertiseC.witnessD.cleverness6.单选题Acoatofpaintwilldevelopsmallcracksasit（

）overtime.问题1选项A.peelsB.shrinksC.hardensD.fades7.单选题Attendanceatcinemahas（

）greatlysincetheinventionofTVsets.问题1选项A.droppedinB.droppedoffC.droppedonD.droppedout8.单选题Thehighcostforgettingtherewas（

）bythefactthatIfoundaverycheapplacetolive.问题1选项A.offsetB.participatedC.elaboratedD.reclaimed9.单选题Thenumberofthetickets（

）willbedeterminedbythesizeofthestadium.问题1选项A.adaptableB.acceptableC.advisableD.available10.单选题ThefoundingofnewChina（

）people’sdesireforindependence.问题1选项A.declaredB.impliedC.manifestedD.announced11.翻译题PutthefollowingpassagesintoChinese:

Itisnotpossibleforamereawardofmoneytoputhiminthepositionhewouldhaveenjoyedhadthebargainbeenperformed.Thebargainmustthereforebeperformed.Butthecourtsrarelycompelthespecificperformanceofacontract,savewhereitisoneforthesaleofrealestate,sinceeveryparcelofrealpropertyisdeemedtobeunique,special,anduniquelyvaluabletoitsowner.Thereareotherkindsofcontractsthatcanbespecificallyenforced,buttheirnumberislimitedanddwindlinginanunsentimental,commercialworldinwhichthepaymentofmoneyisusuallydeemedtheproperremedyforeverylossordisappointmentsuffered.Undercertaincircumstances,anaggrievedpartycanavoidacontractthathepreviouslyagreedtomake.Thisisknownasrescissionoravoidanceofthecontract.Bythisrelief,thepartiesaretobeplacedinthepositioninwhichtheyfoundthemselvesbeforethecontractwasmade.Litigantshavemutualincentivestosaveonlitigationcostsbysettlingoutofcourt.Theyavoiduncertaintrialoutcomesanddelaysandcanagreetokeepsettlementsconfidential.Insomecases,settlementsmaybereachedthroughalternativemethodsofdisputeresolution,suchasvoluntaryarbitrationormediationGenerally,detailsofcivildisputessettledbeforeatrialarenotreportedtothecourtsandhencearenotincludedinpubliclyavailabledataThosedatathereforeshowonlypartofthepicture—theremaybeimportantdifferencesbetweencasesthatgototrialandcasesthatsettleoutofcourt.Forexample,casesthatgototrialprobablyinvolvelargerdollaramounts,onaverage.Nevertheless,trialverdictssetprecedentsforallcasesandthusaffecttheincentivetosettlebysignalingthevalueandprobabilityofsuccesstofuturelitigants.12.翻译题TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

MembersshallgiveeffecttotheprovisionsofthisAgreement.Membersmay,butshallnotbeobligedto,implementintheirlawmoreextensiveprotectionthanisrequiredbythisAgreement,providedthatsuchprotectiondoesnotcontravenetheprovisionsofthisAgreement.MembersshallbefreetodeterminetheappropriatemethodofimplementingtheprovisionsofthisAgreementwithintheirownlegalsystemandpractice.ForthepurposesofthisAgreement,theterm“intellectualproperty”referstoallcategoriesofintellectualpropertythatarethesubjectofSectionIthrough7ofPartII.MembersshallaccordthetreatmentprovidedforinthisAgreementtothenationalsofotherMembers.Inrespectoftherelevantintellectualpropertyright,thenationalofotherMembersshallbeunderstoodasthosenaturalorlegalpersonsthatwouldmeetthecriteriaforeligibilityforprotectionprovidedforintheParisConvention(1967),theBerneConvention(1971),theRomeConventionandtheTreatyonIntellectualPropertyinRespectofIntegratedCircuits,wereallMembersoftheWTOmembersofthoseconventions.AnyMemberavailingitselfofthepossibilitiesprovidedinParagraph3ofArticle5orParagraph2ofArticle6oftheRomeConventionshallmakeanotificationasforeseeninthoseprovisionstotheCouncilforTrade-RelatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyRights(the“CouncilforTRIPS”)Criminallawisdistinctivefortheuniquelyseriouspotentialconsequencesoffailuretoabidebyitsrules.Everycrimeiscomposedofcriminalelements.Anelementofacrime(collectivelycalledelementsofcrime)isabasicsetofcommonlawprinciplesregardingcriminalliabilitythat,withfewexceptions,constitutetheessentialelementstoprovethatthedefendantcommittedacrimeunderUnitedStateslaw.Thejurymustbeconvincedbeyondareasonabledoubtthatthedefendantcommittedeachelementoftheparticularcrimechargedbeforedecidingonaguiltyverdict.Thecomponentpartsthatmakeupanyparticularcrimevarydependingonthecrime.Thebasiccomponentsarementalstate(Mensrea),conduct(Actusreus),concurrenceandcausation.However,thetwonecessaryelementsthatmustcoexistforacrimetoexististhatthedefendantmusthavecommittedanactandthatactmusthavebeencommittedintentionally.13.单选题TV,radioandnewspaperareimportant（

）foradvertising.问题1选项A.featuresB.broadcastingC.publicationsD.media14.单选题The（

）bonesofanelderlypersonmayfractureeasily.问题1选项A.slenderB.brittleC.denseD.firm15.翻译题TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1996年，世界上海拔最高的现代化的、多功能的大型图书馆西藏自治区图书馆建成开馆。她不想被别人看成卖弄才学的女子。竞争确有好处，它能逼你去创造、去革新。中国不寻求霸权或支配世界事务，而是倡导建立国际政治经济新秩序。维护祖国统一事关中华民族的根本利益，中国人民将义无反顾的捍卫国家主权和领土完整，绝不允许任何人以任何方式把台湾从中国分裂出去。16.翻译题TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

采取一切有效措施扫清“黄毒”，依法处理相关违法人员。劳教制度废止后，未触犯刑法的违法者，将由社区采取措施进行矫正。醉酒驾驶机动车的行为，要追究法律责任。中国渔政船频繁开赴钓鱼岛，维护国家的合法权益。打击网络犯罪，保护人民生命和财产安全。依法行政是实现“中国梦”的根本性制度保障。17.单选题The（

）windinthisareaisfromthenortheast.问题1选项A.prevailingB.controllingC.reigningD.persisting18.单选题Oneoftheproblemstheyhavetodealwithisthe（

）ofplasticcontainers.问题1选项A.disposalB.dissolutionC.dispositionD.disappearance19.单选题Herspeechwas（

）andcausedalotofangrycomment.问题1选项A.prospectiveB.proneC.provocativeD.promising20.单选题Ifyouwanttoseethefutureofbroadbandcommunications,looktothestars.Theheavenscouldsoonbefilledwithmorethan400satellitesprovidinginternetuserswithlowcost,direct-to-the-homeconnectionsthatarehundredsoftimesfasterthantoday'sdial-upmodems.Withunobstructedviewsofvirtuallytheentireworld,satellitesarepoisedtodeliverinteractivebroadbandservicesinwaysevenadvancedground-basednetworkswillbehard-pressedtomatch.Thenewbreedofsatelliteswillactaspowerfulsignalrepeatersinthesky,receivingandresendingradiotransmissionsfromground-basedantennas.Costingfarlessperunitcapacitythanmostsatellitesnowinservice,theywillemploynewdigitaltechnologiesthatwillimprovethecapacity,reliabilityandsecurityofdatacommunications.Moreover,becausethesystemswilloperateatextremelyhighradiofrequencies,theywillusenarrowradiobeamscapableofcommunicatingwithultrasmallantennasthatcanbeeasilymountedonmosthomes.Twotypesofsatellitesystemshavebeenproposed.Geostationarysatelliteswillorbit36,000kilometers22,000milesabovetheequatoratthesamespeedastheearth'srotationandthusappearfromthegroundtobestationary.Theywillcommunicatewithfixedorientationdishantennasattachedtocustomers’homesanduseadvancedsignalprocessingtocompensatefortransmissiondelayscausedbythegreatdistancestheirradiosignalsmusttravel.Low—earthorbit(LEO)satellites,incontrast,willcircletheglobeonceeverytwohoursataltitudesunder1,500kilometers,reducingthetimeneededtobeamsignalstoandfromtheearth'ssurface.Buttheywillrequiresophisticatedsubscriberantennasabletotrackandcommunicatewiththefast---movingLEOsatellites.Bothtypesofsatelliteswillavoidmanyofthecomplicationsthatplagueground-basednetworks.Specificadvantagesincludethefollowing.Thedirtylittlesecretofbroadbandisthatthetechnicallimitationsofgroundbasednetworkswillseverelyrestrictavailability.Digitalsubscriberline(DSL)signalsdecayonlongtelephonelinesoronthoseofpoorquality.Localmultipointdistributionservice(LMDS)signalscannotpenetrateleafytrees,buildingsorotherobstructions.Cableperformancedeterioratesiftoomanyhouseholdsinaneighborhoodlogonatthesametime.Fiber-to-the-homeissocostlyasaretrofitthatisusuallyconsideredeconomicallyviableonlyfornewhousingconstruction.ForuptoonethirdofthepopulationintheU.S.andanevengreaterportionworldwide,satellitetechnologywillnotsimplybeachoice,itwillbethechoice.1.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?2.AllofthefollowingismentionedasthenewtypeofsatellitesisdescribedEXCEPT（

）.3.Whydoesageostationarysatelliteappeartobeimmobile?4.Whatadvantagedoesthelastparagraphintendtofocuson?问题1选项A.SatelliteswillmaketheaccesstotheInternetcheaperandmoreconvenient.B.Satellitescostlessthantoday’sdial-upmodems.C.Satelliteswillbesuperiortoground-basednetworkstodeliverinteractivebroad-bandservices.D.Ground-basedantennascansendradiotransmissions.问题2选项A.narrowradiobeamswillbeusedB.newdigitaltechnologieswillbetakenC.thesystemsofthemwillworkatextremelyhighradiofrequencies.D.theirsignalscanbeeasilymountedonmosthomes.问题3选项A.Becauseitisfixedallthetime.B.Becauseitsorbitspeedisthesameastheearth’srotation.C.Becauseitspositionisabovetheequator.D.Becauseitcancommunicatewithfixed-orientationdishantennas.问题4选项A.SatellitescanimprovetheavailabilityoftheInternet.B.TotransmittheDSLsignalswithoutdelay.C.Theirsignalscanpenetrateobstructions.D.Lowcost第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项species“物种”；B选项specimen“样品，标本”；C选项spectrum“光谱”；D选项sample“样本”。句意：游客说这种动物是他以前从未见过的物种。选项A符合句意。2.【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项indifference“漠不关心，冷淡，不重视”；B选项discrimination“歧视，差别”；C选项deviation“偏差”；D选项interest“兴趣，爱好”。句意：他们的足球队是否会赢对我来说无关紧要。选项A符合句意。3.【答案】B【解析】近义词辨析题。A选项appliance“器械，装置”，侧重指家用机器或设备，尤指家用电器；B选项apparatus“设备，仪器”，一般指复杂的仪器设备；C选项furniture“家具”；D选项equipment“设备，器材”，多指成套的或重型的设备或装备。句意：大建筑物可能会有暖气设备，所有的房间都是通过蒸汽加热。选项B更符合语境。4.【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项petty“琐碎的，小规模的”；B选项pretty“漂亮的”；C选项major“主要的”；D选项peril“危及，置...于险境”。句意：我发现这个地区有很多小规模的偷盗行为。选项A更符合语境。5.【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。A选项experiment“达到，实现”；B选项expertise“要求”；C选项witness“获得，学到”；D选项cleverness“询问”。句意：人们最需要的精神产品将是实用的智慧，而不是小聪明。选项D更符合语境。6.【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。A选项peel“剥落”；B选项shrink“收缩”；C选项harden“变硬”；D选项fade“褪色”。句意：一层油漆随着时间的推移会剥落，从而产生小裂缝。选项A符合语境。7.【答案】B【解析】词组辨析题。A选项dropin“使落进”；B选项dropoff“减少”；C选项dropon“偶然发现，突然拜访”；D选项dropout“退出，脱离”。句意：自从发明电视机以来，看电影的人就大大减少了。选项B符合句意。8.【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。A选项offset“抵消，弥补”；B选项participate“参与，分享”；C选项elaborate“详细描述，变复杂”；D选项reclaim“开拓，抗议”。句意：到这里的成本高是因为事情变得复杂，我找到了一个非常便宜的地方住。选项C更符合语境。9.【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项adaptable“能适应的”；B选项acceptable“可接受的”；C选项advisable“明智的，可取的”；D选项available“可获得的”。句意：可获得的门票数量将根据体育场的大小来定。选项D更符合语境。10.【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。A选项declare“宣布，声明”；B选项imply“意味，暗示”；C选项manifest“表明，显示”；D选项announce“宣布”。句意：新中国的成立表明了人民对独立的渴望。选项C符合句意。11.【答案】仅仅是金钱判决不可能让他享有履行协议而带来的处境。因此，协议必须履行。但是，法院很少会强制协议的具体实施，除非协议是针对不动产的出售，因为每一份不动产对它的所有者而言被认为是独特的、特殊的和具有特别价值的。也有另外一些可以具体地被强制执行的协议，然而，在金钱经常被视为弥补所遭受损失或失望的合理手段的这个无情的商业世界里，这类协议的数量是有限的并一直在减少。在某些情况下，受侵害的一方可以废止自己先前同意签订的协议。这被称为解除或废止协议。通过这种补救方法，协议各方发现他们自己处于协议签订之前的境地。诉讼当事人都有通过庭外和解的方式去节约诉讼成本的动机。通过该方式，他们避免不确定的审判结果与延期，并且可以同意保密和解协议。在一些情况下，和解协议可能通过替代性纠纷解决方法来达成，比如自愿仲裁或调解。一般情况下，和解的民事纠纷细节在审判前不会呈上法庭，因此它们不包含在公开信息中。因此，那些公开信息仅仅展现了所有案件的一部分—法庭审判的案件和庭外和解的案件间可能存在巨大的差异。比如，一般来说，法庭审判的案件很可能牵涉更多的金钱数量。然而，审判裁决为所有的案件开创了先例，因此，它们通过示意利害关系及胜诉的可能性，影响了今后诉讼当事人去解决纠纷的动机。12.【答案】各成员均必须实行本协定中的规定。各成员可以但并无义务，在其法律中实施比本协定要求更广泛的保护，只要此种保护不违反本协定的规定。各成员有权在其各自的法律制度和实践中确定实施本协定规定的适当方法。在本协定中，“知识产权”一词系指属于本协定第二部分第1节至第7节中的所有类别的知识产权。各成员应根据本协定的规定给予其它成员以国民待遇。对于相应的知识产权，其它成员的国民被认为是符合《巴黎公约（1967）》、《伯尔尼公约（1971）》、《罗马公约》和《关于集成电路的知识产权条约》中所规定的保护资格标准的自然人或法人，即WT0的所有成员似乎都已加入了这些公约。任一运用了《罗马公约》第五条第3款或第6条第2款规定的可能性的成员，均应根据这些条款的预告，通知“与贸易有关的知识产权理事会（TRIPS理事会）”。刑法因未能遵守其规定导致的无可匹敌的严重潜在后果而是与众不同的。每项罪行由犯罪要素构成。一项罪行的一个要素（共同地被称为犯罪要素）是一套基本的关于刑事责任的普通法法则，而这些法则极少例外地构成了证明被告在美国法律之下犯罪的基本要素。在确定一项有罪裁定之前，陪审团必须无疑地确信被告犯了所被指控的特定罪行的每一个要素。组成任何特定罪行的构成要素依据罪行而变化。基本的要素是心理状态（犯罪意图），行为（犯罪行为），同时发生和起因。然而，对于一项罪行存而必须并存的两个必要要素是被告一定要犯下一个罪行且那个罪行是故意犯下的。13.【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。A选项feature“特色，特征”；B选项broadcast“广播”；C选项publication“出版，发表”；D选项media“媒介”。句意：电视、广播和报纸是广告的重要媒介。选项D符合句意。14.【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项slender“细长的，苗条的”；B选项brittle“脆弱的”；C选项dense“稠密的”；D选项firm“坚定的”。句意：老年人脆弱的骨头可能容易折断。选项B符合句意。15.【答案】In1996,thelarge,modemandmulti-functionalTibetAutonomousRegionLibrary,theworld’shighestinaltitude,wascompletedandopenedtothepublic.Shedidnotwanttobelookeduponasabluestocking.Competitionisagoodthingforcingyoutobecreativeandinnovative.Chinadoesnotseekhegemonyorpredominanceinworldaffairsbuttoadvocateanewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.TosafeguardnationalunitybearsonthefundamentalinterestsoftheChinesenation.WeChinesepeoplewillsafeguardourstatesovereigntyandterritorialintegritywithresolve,neverallowinganyonetoseparateTaiwanfromChinainanyway.16.【答案】Takealleffectivemeasurestoclearawaythepornographyanddrugsanddealwiththerelevantpersonswhobreaklawsinaccordancewiththelaw.Aftertheabolishmentofthesystemofreeducationthroughlabor,thecommunitywilltakemeasurestocorrectthelawbreakerswhodonotviolatethecriminallaw.Todriveamotorvehicleaftergettingdrunkshallbeinvestigatedforlegalresponsibility.ChinesefisheryadministrationvesselsfrequentlysetoutforDiaoyuislandstosafeguardthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofourcountry.Crackdownnetworkcrimeandprotectpeople'slivesandproperty.Toadministerourgovernmentaccordingtolawisanessentialinstitutionalguaranteeforrealizingthe"Chinesedream".17.【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项prevailing“盛行的，流行的”；B选项controlling“控制欲强的”；C选项reigning“统治的”；D选项persisting“坚持”。句意：这个地区盛行的风来自东北方向。选项A符合句意。18.【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项disposal“处理”；B选项dissolution“分解，溶解”；C选项disposition“性情，倾向”；D选项disappearance“消失”。句意：他们必须处理的问题之一是塑料容器的处理。选项A符合句意。19.【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项prospective“未来的，预期的”；B选项prone“有…倾向的”；C选项provocative“刺激的，挑拨的，气人的”；D选项promising“有希望的”。句意：她的演讲很气人，引起了许多愤怒的评论。选项C符合句意。20.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“providinginternetuserswithlowcost”可知选项A正确；根据第一段最后一句“...satellitesarepoisedtodeliverinteractivebroadbandservicesinwaysevenadvancedground-basednetworkswillbehard-pressedtomatch.卫星静止不动的以先进的地面网络也难以匹敌的方式提供交互式宽带服务。”选项C符合原文。根据第二段第一句“receivingandresendingradiotransmissionsfromground-basedantennas.接收和重新发送来自地面天线的无线电传输。”选项D符合原文。只有选项B在文中没有提及，所以不正确。2.细节事实题。根据第二段倒数第二句“theywillemploynewdigitaltechnologies.”可知选项B正确；以及最后一句“thesystemswilloperateatextremelyhighradiofrequencies,theywillusenarrowradiobeamscapableofcommunicatingwithultrasmallantennasthatcanbeeasilymountedonmosthomes.该系统将在极高的无线电频率下运行，它们将使用能够与超小型天线通信的窄无线电波束，这种天线可以很容易地安装在大多数家庭中。”选项A和C符合原文；选项D中的“signals”与原文中的“antennas”不符，所以不正确。3.细节事实题。根据关键词“geostationarysatellite”定位到第三段第二句“Geostationarysatelliteswillorbit36,000kilometers22,000milesabovetheequatoratthesamespeedastheearth'srotationandthusappearfromthegroundtobestationary.地球同步卫星将以与地球自转相同的速度绕赤道上空36000公里、22000英里的轨道运行，因此从地面上看是静止的。”由此可知，选项B符合原文。4.判断推理题。根据最后一段的首句“Thedirtylittlesecretofbroadbandisthatthetechnicallimitationsofgroundbasednetworkswillseverelyrestrictavailability.宽带的一个不为人知的小秘密是地面网络的技术限制将严重限制其实效性。”接下是进行具体的举例说明，最后提及：卫星技术将不仅仅是被选择，而是必须选择。所以由此推断，最后一段的重点是强调卫星可以提高互联网的可用性。选项A正确。第2卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Over350millionpeoplespeakEnglishastheir（

）language.问题1选项A.nativeB.motherC.femaleD.national2.翻译题Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasicconstituentsofmatter,andthemiracleoflife.Atthesametime,today,theactions,andinaction,ofhumanbeingsimperilnotonlylifeontheplanet,buttheverylifeoftheplanet.Globalizationismakingtheworldsmaller,fasterandricher.Still,9/11andavianfluremindusthatasmaller,fasterworldisnotnecessarilyasaferworld.Ourworldisburstingwithknowledge—butdesperatelyinneedofwisdom.Now,whensoundbitesaregettingshorter,wheninstantmessagescrowdoutessays,andwhenindividuallivesgrowmorecrazy,collegegraduatescapableofdeepreflectionarewhatourworldneeds.ForallthesereasonsIbelieved—andIbelieveevenmorestronglytoday—intheuniqueandirreplaceablemissionofuniversities.3.翻译题TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish劳动仲裁类似于中世纪手工业行会的调停话动，它是多步骤申述体制之最终结果。尽管信托关系可以口头创立，但却一般是经书面文件形式确认。破坏环境之行为可以被法律规定为犯罪。因股东大会不够法定人数，故该决议被认定无效。4.单选题Manysoldiershavetoremindthemselveswhentheyreturnhomenottouse（

）languageofthebarracks.问题1选项A.vulgarB.grossC.roughD.coarse5.单选题Ifyou（

）yourdemand,thenmaybeyouwillhavemorechanceofgettingwhatyouwant.问题1选项A.conductB.dismissC.grantD.moderate6.单选题Agoodscientist（

）intoallaspectsofaprobleminordertofindsolutions.问题1选项A.pricksB.pokesC.probesD.peers7.单选题Thisnewtypeofplanthasaan（

）,bulb-shapedstem,thoughnotverydelicious.问题1选项A.ovalB.edibleC.reliableD.available8.翻译题TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

IftheCommissionfinds,afternoticeandopportunityforhearing,thatanypersonisviolating,hasviolated,orisabouttoviolateanyprovisionofthistitle,oranyruleorregulationthereunder,theCommissionmaypublishitsfindingsandenteranorderrequiringsuchperson,andanyotherpersonthatis,was,orwouldbeacauseoftheviolation,duetoanactoromissionthepersonkneworshouldhaveknownwouldcontributetosuchviolation,toceaseanddesistfromcommittingorcausingsuchviolationandanyfutureviolationofthesameprovision,rule,orregulation.Suchordermay,inadditiontorequiringapersontoceaseanddesistfromcommittingorcausingaviolation,requiresuchpersontocomply,ortotakestepstoeffectcompliancewithsuchprovision,rule,orregulation,uponsuchtermsandconditionsandwithinsuchtimeasthecommissionmayspecifyinsuchorder.Anysuchordermay,astheCommissiondeemsappropriate,requirefuturecomplianceorstepstoeffectfuturecompliance,eitherpermanentlyorforsuchperiodoftimeastheCommissionmayspecify,withsuchprovision,ruleorregulationwithrespecttoanysecurity,anyissuer,oranyotherperson.9.单选题Thetremorinhisvoice（

）hisnervousness.问题1选项A.affirmedB.disguisedC.representedD.revealed10.单选题Noonewas（

）intheaccident.问题1选项A.injuredB.woundedC.sufferedD.handicapped11.单选题Thecitysigneda/an（

）contractwithItalyinordertomakefulluseoftheirnaturalresourcesandcapital.问题1选项A.unusualB.influentialC.residentialD.reciprocal12.单选题Oneoftheattractivefeaturesofthecoursewasthewaythepracticalworkhadbeen（

）withthetheoreticalaspectsofthesubject.问题1选项A.embracedB.adjustedC.alternatedD.integrated13.单选题NineofthetencampusesoftheUniversityofCalifornia—ledbyBerkeley―onceagainmadeitintoanannualrankingoftheworld’sleadinguniversities.All’swellinCaliforniahighereducation,itmightseem.ButthatisnotwhatPatBrownorClarkKerrwouldsay,weretheyalivetoday.Theywere,respectively,governorofthestateandpresidentoftheUniversityofCaliforniain1960,whenCaliforniaadopteda“masterplan''thatbecameaninternationalmodel.Theiraimwasnotonlytohaveexcellentpublicuniversities,buttogivethestate’spopulationnearlyuniversalandfreeaccesstothem.Somepupilswouldso-calledcommunitycollegesforatwo-yearvocationalprogramme,othersoneofthe(now23)campusesoftheCaliforniaStateUniversity,andthebestmightgotoaUCcampus.Inordertoassureaccessforall,tuitionchargeswerebanned—only“fees”forsomecostsotherthaneducationwereallowed.Mostfundingwastocomefromtaxpayers.Thepremisewasthathighereducationwasapublicgoodforthestate,whichwasnursingitsownfutureentrepreneursandtaxpayers.AsMr.Kerrputit,theuniversitieswere“bait”tobehunginfrontofindustry,withdrawingpowergreaterthanlowtaxesorcheaplabor.’’Thatconsensushasbeenoverturned.In1990,thestatepaid78%ofthecostofeducatingeachstudent.Thatratiodroppedto47%lastyear,andwillfallevenmoreduringthecurrentacademicyear,afterthelatestroundofbudgetcuts,overseenbyJerryBrown,thecurrentgovernorandsonofPatBrown.Insomeways,CaliforniahasnowinvertedtheprioritiesoftheolderBrown’sera.Spendingonprisonspassedspendingonuniversitiesinaround2004.Thishasledtoconcernsthatpublicuniversitiesmightlosetheirexcellence.Ittakesmoneytoattractthebestprofessors,andthebeststudentsfollowthem.Analternativetoworsepublicuniversities,however,isquasi-privatizedones.ThatseemstobetheroutetakeninCalifornia.Thusstudentswillthisyear,forthefirsttime,paymorefortuitionthanthestategivesinfunding.ThisfollowsyearsoftuitionfeeincreasesfarsteeperthantheaverageatAmericanpublicuniversities.AplaceataUCcampuscaneasilynowcost$13,000,or$31000includinghousing,givenCalifornia’shighcosts.Toraiseotherrevenues,thevariouscampusesalsoadmitevermoreout-of-statestudents(whopaythreetimesmore)and,targetrichgraduatesformoredonations.Ledbythebusinessandlawschools,theybehaveincreasinglylikeprivateuniversities,inotherwords.Thisstrategyretainspocketsofexcellence.Butitalsorunscountertothephilosophyofthemasterplan,bypricingevermoreCalifornianfamiliesoutofaplace.Thestatenowranks41stinthenumberofcollegedegreesawardedforevery100ofitshighschoolgraduates.1.PatBrownandClarkKerrattemptedtosetupexcellentpublicuniversities,aswellas（

）.2.WhatdoesMr.Kerrimplybysaying“bait”tobehunginfrontofindustry(Line4,Para.3)?3.Whatistheconcernonthepublicuniversitiessincethestatespendingonuniversitieshasdropped?4.CampusesinCaliforniareceivestudentsfromotherstatesforthepurposeof

（

）.

5.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageabouthighereducationinCalifornia?问题1选项A.buildinganinternationalmodelofuniversitiesaroundtheworldB.competingwiththeso-calledcommunitycollegesinthestateC.offeringcommonandfreeaccesstouniversitiestothestate'spopulationD.providingatwo-yearvocationalprogramforthestate'spopulation问题2选项A.Theuniversitiesfosterto-beelitesforindustryB.ThetuitionfeesarebannedintheuniversitiesC.ThehighereducationisastatewelfareD.Theuniversitiesaremoreattractivethanlowtaxesorcheaplabor.问题3选项A.TobeunabletoattractthebestprofessorsB.TobeunabletomaintaintheirexcellenceC.Tobehigh-pricedD.Tobequasi-privatized问题4选项A.gettingmoredonationsB.behavinglikeprivateuniversitiesC.makingupshortageofgraduatesD.improvingotherearnings问题5选项A.ChildrenfromCalifornianfamiliescan’tobtaintheeducationduetothehighcosts.B.Ithasmovedtowardsprivateuniversitiesalongwithitsdevelopment.C.Itisonlynursingitsownfutureentrepreneursandtaxpayers.D.Itproducesfewercompanyfounders,inventorsandtaxpayers.14.单选题Fortensofthousandsofprofoundlydeafadultsandchildrenworldwide,cochleaimplantshaveprovidedausefulsubstitutefornaturalhearing.Thesedeviceselectricallystimulatetheauditorynervewithinthecochlea,enablingmanyuserstocarryonaconversationwithoutvisualcues,suchasoverthetelephone.Butforthepatientswhosenerveendingshavedegeneratedorwhoseauditorynerveshavebeendestroyed,theonlyhopeforrestoringhearingistoaccesslaterstagesoftheauditorysystem.NowCaliforniaresearchersaregearinguptodojustthat,goingbeyondcochleaimplantswithadevicethatwillplugdirectlyintothebrain.AttheHuntingtonMedicalResearchInstitutes(HMEI)inPasadena.Calif,neuro-physiologistDouglasMcCreeyshowsoffacatthatisalreadyusingthenewdevice.Likeacochleaimplant,itconsistsofanexternalspeechprocessorandareceiverimplantedunderthescalp.Butthewiresfromthereceiverbypassthecochleaandinsteadtravelallthewaytothebrainstem.Theyendinanarrayofsixiridiummicroelectrodesthatpenetratetheventralcochleanucleus,oneoftheauditorycentersthatnormallyreceiveinputfromthecochlea.TheimplantisnotmeanttoenableMcCerry’scattohear,itsnaturalhearingisinfactstillintact.RatherMcCreeyrecordstheneuralsignalstheimplantproducesandfindsthatthesignalsconveythefrequencycodedinformationappropriateforthecomprehensionofspeech.Initscurrentformthebrainstemimplantfeaturesanarrayofeightflatelectricalcontactsthataresimplyplacedagainstthesurfaceofthebrainstemneartheventralcochleanucleus.Therecipientsofthesedevices—about150peopleglobally—getenoughauditoryinformationtoimprovetheirlip-readingskillsandtoperceiveenvironmentalsounds,buttheyrarelyattaingoodspeechcomprehensionintheabsenceofvisualcues.1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?2.What’sthegoalofCaliforniaresearchersmentionedinthefirstparagraph?3.WhydoesDouglasMcCreeryshowoffacat?问题1选项A.Cochleaimplants.B.ReasonsofdeafC.Anewauditoryremedy.D.Structureoftheauditorysystem.问题2选项A.Tofindanewmethodofcochlearimplant.B.Tostimulatetheauditorynervewithinthecochlear.C.Tostudycat’scochlea.D.Toaccesslaterstagesoftheauditorysystem.问题3选项A.Toadvocatepeopletoprotectanimals.B.Tocurethecat'shearingloss.C.Tocarryoutcochlearimplantonthecat.D.Togiveadisplayofthenewdevice15.单选题Idonothavethekey,soIhavetouse（

）toopenthislockeddoor.问题1选项A.strengthB.vigorC.energyD.force16.单选题Thisarticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreports,eachmakingonemajorpoint（

）theother.问题1选项A.inhonorofB.inaccordancewithC.incontrastwithD.inagreementwith17.单选题Towhatextentwillfuturescientificdiscoveriesmakepossiblethe（

）ofthehumanlifespan?问题1选项A.increaseB.prolongationC.expansionD.growth18.单选题Thereismuchdiscussiontodayabouttheneedforthegovernmentto（

）thetheatre.问题1选项A.substituteB.subsidizeC.subscribeD.subordinate19.单选