2023年考研考博考博英语中国地质大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案

2023年考研考博考博英语中国地质大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题1.Twelvemonthsago,LululemonAthleticawasoneofthehottestbrandsintheworld.Salesofitshigh-pricedyogagearwereexploding;thecompanywasexpandingintonewmarkets;expertswereinaweofits“cult-likefollowing.”Asoneobserverputit,“They’remorethanapparel.They’realifestyle.”Butthencustomersstartedcomplainingaboutpillingfabrics,bleedingdyesand,mostmemorably,yogapantssothinthattheyeffectivelybecametransparentwhenyoubentover.Lululemon'sfoundermadethingsworsebysuggestingthatsomewomenweretoofattowearthecompany’sclothes.AndthatwastheendofLululemon’scharmedexistence:thefoundersteppeddownfromhismanagementrole,and,afewweeksago,thecompanysaidthatithadseensales“deceleratemeaningfully.”2.It’satruismofbusinessschoolthinkingthatacompany'sbrandisits“mostimportantasset,”morevaluablethantechnologyorpatentsormanufacturingprowess.Butbrandshaveneverbeenmorefragile.Thereasonissimple:consumersaresupremelywellinformedandfarmorelikelytoinvestigatetherealvalueofproductsthantorelyonlogos.AbsoluteValue,anewbookbyItamarSimonson,amarketingprofessoratStanford,andEmanuelRosen,aformersoftwareexecutive,showsthat,historically,theriseofbrandswasaresponsetoaninformation-poorenvironment.Whenconsumershadtorelyonadvertisementsandtheirpastexperiencewithacompany,brandsservedasproxiesforquality;ifacarwasmadebyGeneralMotors,oraketchupbyHeinz,peopleassumedthatitwasprettygood.Itwashardtofigureoutifanewproductfromanunfamiliarcompanywasreliableornot,sobrandloyaltywasawayofreducingrisk.Asrecentlyasthe1980s,nearlyfour-fifthsofAmericancarbuyersstayedloyaltoabrand.3.Todayconsumerscanreadreamsofresearchaboutwhatevertheywanttobuy.ThisstartedbackwithConsumerReports,whichpublishedobjectivestudiesofproducts,andwithJDPower'squalityrankings,whichrevealedwhatordinarycustomersthoughtofthecarstheyhadbought.Butwhathasreallyweakenedthepowerofbrandsistheinternet,whichhasgivenordinaryconsumerseasyaccesstoexpertreviews,userreviewsanddetailedproductdata,inanarrayofcategories.ArecentPricewaterhouseCoopersstudyfoundthat80percentofconsumerslookatonlinereviewsbeforemakingmajorpurchases,andahostofstudieshaveloggedthestronginfluencethosereviewshaveonthedecisionspeoplemake.Theriseofsocialmediahasacceleratedthetrendtoanastonishingdegree:adudproductcanbecomealaughingstockinamatterofhours.IntheolddaysyoumightbuyaSonytelevisionsetbecauseyouhadownedonebefore,orbecauseyoutrustedthebrand.TodaysuchconsiderationsmattermuchlessthanreviewsonAmazonandEngadgetandCNET.AsSimonsontoldme,“eachproductnowhastoproveitselfonitsown.”4.Ithasbeenarguedthatthewelterofinformationwillactuallymakebrandsmorevaluable.AstheinfluentialconsultancyInterbrandputsit,“Inaworldwhereconsumersareoftenoverwhelmedwithinformation,theroleabrandplaysinpeople’sliveshasbecomeallthemoreimportant.”Butinformationoverloadislargelyamyth.“Mostconsumerslearnveryquicklyhowtogetagreatdealofinformationefficientlyandeffectively,”Simonsonsays."Mostofusfigureouthowtofindwhatwe’relookingforwithoutspendinghugeamountsoftimeonline."Andthishasmadecustomerloyaltyprettymuchathingofthepast.Only25percentofAmericanrespondentsinarecentErnst&Youngstudysaidthatbrandloyaltyaffectedhowtheyshopped.5.Forestablishedbrandsthisisanightmare.Youcannevercoastonpastperformance—thepercentageofbrand-loyalcarbuyershasplummetedinthepasttwentyyears—andthepricepremiumthatarecognizedbrandcanchargehasshrunk.Ifyouaremakingabetterproduct,youcanstillchargemore,but,ifyourproductismuchlikethatofyourcompetitors,yourpriceneedstobesimilartoo.Thatistheclearestindicationthattheeconomicvalueofbrands—traditionallyassessedbythepremiumacompanycouldcharge—iswaning.Thisisn’ttrueacrosstheboard:brandsretainvaluewherethebrandassociationisintegraltotheexperienceofaproduct(Coca-Cola,say),orwheretheyconferstatus,aswithluxurygoods.Butevenheretheinformationdelugeistransformative;luxurytravel,forinstance,hasbeenprofoundlyaffectedbywebsiteslikeTripAdvisor.6.Forconsumersthisisideal:theyaremakingbetterchoices,andheightenedcompetitionhasraisedqualityandhelddownprices.Andtheyarenottheonlybeneficiaries;upstartsnowfinditeasiertocompetewiththebigboys.Ifyoubuildabettermousetrap,peoplewillsoonknowaboutit.Adecadeago,personal-computercompanieslikeAsusandAcerhadalmostnobrandidentityoutsideTaiwan.Nowtheyaremajorplayers.Roku,amakerofstreamingentertainmentdevices,hasthrivedeventhoughitsproductshavetocompetewithsimilaronesmadebyApple(whichisusuallycitedastheworld'smostvaluablebrand).AndtheKoreancarmakerHyundaihasgonefrombeingajoketosellingfourmillioncarsayear.Formuchofthe20thcentury,consumermarketswerestable.Todaytheyaretumultuous,andyouareonlyasgoodasyourlastproduct.ForbrandslikeLululemonthereisonlyoneconsolation:makesomethingreallygreatandyourpastsinswillbeforgotten.1.AccordingtotextA,whichwaspublishedrecently,withinthepastyearLululemonAthletica（

）.2.Thebestoppositeoftheverbtodecelerate(usedinparagraph1)isto（

）.3.Acompany'sbrandisits“mostimportantasset”'(paragraph2).TextA（

）.4.Americanconsumersusedtobeloyaltobrands（

）.5.Inparagraph3,socialmediaarementioned（

）.6.BasedontheevidencepresentedintextA,（

）7.Tojudgefromwhathewrites,theauthoroftextA（

）.8.TheauthorcitesHyundaiasanexampleofafirmthat（

）.问题1选项A.hasemergedasanewreligiousgroup.B.hassuccessfullypersuadedoverweightwomentoavoidwearingyogapants,C.bothoftheabove.D.neitheroftheabove.问题2选项A.bumup.B.speedup.C.growup.D.riseup.问题3选项A.offersabundantsupportforthisview.B.showsthatthestatementwaseventruerinthepastthanitisinthe21stcenturyC.showsthatthisviewhasalwaysbeenfalse.D.suggeststhatthisviewisincreasinglyoutofdate.问题4选项A.becausetheyeitherweretoobusyorlackedtheeducationtoseekreliableinformationonproductqualityB.becauseoftheimpactofadvertising,whichineffectprogrammedconsumerstorespondtothecalculatedappealofcertainbrandsC.thatexperiencehadtaughtthemtotrustinordertoreducethelikelihoodofmakingcostlymistakesD.thattheyhadlearnedtorecognizeovertheyearsbyreadingConsumerReportsorsimilarpublications问题5选项A.asamajorfactorintheInternet'serosionofwhatremainsofbrandloyalty.B.asanexampleofhowconsumersgainaccesstoexpertopiniononproductquality.C.toshowthatbrandloyaltyisgrowingastheinternethelpspeopletoavoidundesirableproductsassociatedwithquestionablebrands.D.asanexampleofwhatadvertiserscandotostrengthentheappealofabrand.问题6选项A.onecansafelypredictthatbrandswillsoonceasetobeafeatureofmarketing.B.itisclearthatexpertsallagreeonhowthenewabundanceofproductinformationwillaffectconsumerchoices.C.thereappearstobecontinuingdisagreementoverthefuturevalueofbrandsasamarketingtool.D.itseemsthatprofessionalmarketanalystssharetheviewthatbrandloyaltywillreemergefollowingtheongoingtumult,whichistheresultofrapidtechnologicalchange.问题7选项A.suggeststhattheriseoftheinternet,andaboveallofsocialmedia,doombrand-basedcommerce.B.feelsthatconsumersarebeingwellservedbythevastincreaseinaccesstoproductinformationonline.C.believesthatthetrendsheoutlineswillmakeiteasierforbigcompaniestocontinuetodominateconsumermarkets.D.thinksthatcompanieswillbeabletousetheinternettodesignproductsthatreflectconsumerpreferencesmoreeffectively.问题8选项A.oncehadapoorreputationbutisnowsuccessfulinitsindustry.B.hassolveditsearlierimageproblembysellingmillionsofautomobiles.C.offersevidenceofthegreatstabilityofconsumermarketsinthe20thcenturyD.showshowimportanthumorisinmarketingproductstotoday’sconsumers.2.填空题The（1）betweenBeijingandTianjinisabout120kilometers.On（2）,theintercityhigh-speedtrain（3）30minutestotransportpassengersfromonecitytotheother.Urbangeographerspredictthatthetwocitieswill（4）growtogethertoformonehugemetropolis.3.填空题13.Wearehavingsome（1）withthemachinethatweimported（2）Japanlastyear.Ithas（3）downtwicealready.Eachtimewehave（4）toaskatechniciantocometoBeijingto（5）it.Thegoodnewsisthatourtechnicianshave（6）completedtheirtraininginTokyo.Thenexttimewehavea（7）,wewon’tneedtosendforaJapanesespecialist.句意:我们去年从日本进口的这台机器正有些故障。它已经发生过两次故障了。每次故障发生时，我们都不得不让日方派技术员来北京修理它。好消息是我们自己的技术员己经结束了他们在东京的培训。下次该机器再有故障时，我们就不需要邀请日本专家了。4.单选题Thenumberofpeoplebuyingprivateautosisstillrisingrapidly,thereforetheeffectofthegovernment'songoingeffortstocutairpollutionremainsopentoquestion.问题1选项A.rapidly,thereforeB.ongoingeffortstocutC.remainsopenD.toquestion.E.没有问题5.填空题WhileIwasastudent,I（1）manystoriesaboutthevalueofEnglishforone’scareer,butIthoughttheywereirrelevant（2）thelifethatIhadplannedformyself.Inthat（3）Iwassimilartomanyoftoday'sstudents.Aftergraduating,I（4）howaccuratethosestorieswere.I（5）manyopportunitiesbecausemyEnglishwassopoor,（6）Ifinallydecidedto"correct*'myearliermistake.OnedayI（7）atutorandbegantostudyEnglishseriously-asatoolofrealcommunication,notameretestsubject―forthefirst（8）inmylife.Thisturned（9）tobeoneofthebestdecisionsthatI’ve

（10）made.AfterI（11）myattitudetowardthelanguage,Ireallystartedtoenjoyusingit,andasa（12）Imaderapid（13）init.Sincethenmycareerhasbenefitedgreatly（14）mynewabilitytouseEnglishactively.6.单选题

HeradvisorpersuadedhertoremainatNanjingUniversitytodoherdoctorate,butshedecidedtoapplytothepostgraduatedivisionoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesinstead.问题1选项A.persuadedB.todoherdoctorateC.applytoD.oftheChineseAcademyofSciencesinstead.E.没有问题7.填空题Doyouknowhowwecanget（

）toholdanoutdoorconcertoncampus?8.填空题A:Areyougoingtotellyourbosstodaythatyou'requittingyour（1）?B:Ican’tmakeupmymind（2）totellhimtodayornot.A:I’dtellhimtodayifI（3）you.Whydelay?B:ButwhatifI（4）mymind?A:I（5）thatyou’dmadeafirmdecision.B:Well,yesterdayIhadaconversationwithsomeonewho（6）

toworkforthecompanythatwantstohireme.（7）

tohim,there’salotofdissatisfactionamongtheemployees.A:Didhesaywhatthe（8）ofthedissatisfactionwas?B:Hementionedanumberofthings.I’llstaywithmycurrentfirmifthealternativeisacompanywithmajormanagementproblems.They’reofferingmeahigher，butistheadditionalpayenoughtomakeupforabunchofnew（9）headaches?A:Itsoundstomeasifyou'd（10）talktosome（11）currentorpastemployeesbeforeyouacceptthenewfirm’soffer.大意:A.你会今天告诉老板，你要离职的事吗？B.我不确定是否今天告诉他。A.如果我是你，我会今天告诉他。为什么推迟呢？B.但是，要是我改变主意了呢？A.我觉得你己经决定了。B.昨天，我和一个之前在想雇我的那个公司中工作过的人谈话。据他所说，员工间有很多不满。A.他有说不满的原因是什么吗？B.他说了很多事。如果这个公司主要是管理问题的话，我会呆在现在的公司。他们会给我提供更高的薪水，但是，这额外的工资足以弥补一连串新的麻烦吗？A.这听起来，在接受新工作之前，好像，你最好和现在或者之前的雇员多谈谈。9.单选题WhenIputthebeautifullydecoratedgiftcanisterintoMr.Kang'shands,hethankedmeeffusivelyforsendinghimsuchhigh-qualitytea.问题1选项A.WhenIputthebeautifullyB.decoratedgiftcanisterintoC.effusivelyD.sendingE.没有问题10.单选题Thestudents,arrivingattheusualtimeforbreakfast,wereextremelyfhriouswhentheydiscoveredthatthepricesofalmostthefooditemshaddoubledovernight.问题1选项A.students,arrivingB.wereextremelyfhriousC.almostthefooditemsD.haddoubledE.没有问题11.填空题Ihave（1）goodnewsforyou:Johnhas（2）tobuyyouroldmotorcycle.12.单选题OrdinarilyProfessorLingisaperfectlyreasonableman,soIdon'tunderstandwhyheisbeingsostubborninthiscase.问题1选项A.aperfectlyB.Idon'tunderstandwhyC.isbeingD.inthiscaseE.没有问题13.单选题Excuseme,butdon’tyouthinkthatit’sratheroddtogivesuchanelaboratewelcomespeechandthenturnaroundandtreatadelegatewithagoodquestionasifhewereanuisance?问题1选项A.Excuseme,butB.thinkthatit’sratheroddC.thenturnaroundandtreatD.asifhewereanuisance?E.没有问题14.填空题A:Ihaveaballetticketforthisevening.B:（1）

dowe!Why（2）weallgotogether?A:That’sagood（3）.Thatwaywecansharea（4）andsaveabitofmoney.B:When（5）wemeet?A:Let’ssayat6:30in（6）ofBuilding5.B:Fine.I’llseeyouthereat6:30.15.单选题Theborderguardsmadeustogetoutofthecarwhiletheycheckeditfordrugs,weaponsandotherforbiddenitems.问题1选项A.borderguardsmadeustoB.getoutofthecarC.whiletheycheckeditfordrugsD.otherforbiddenitemsE.没有问题16.填空题Ihaveno（1）wholivesinthatgreythree-storyhouse（2）theroad.Iseelightsoninthewindowsmostevenings,butIhaveneversee（3）goinginorout.17.单选题1.InrecentmonthsmanyaggrievedpartiesinFrancehavetakentothebarricadestoprotestreformsintendedtomakethecountry’seconomymorecompetitive;perhapsmostunlikelyofthesewerethe“notaries”.Thisspecialclassoflawyers,whooverseemostcommercialtransactionsandmaintainofficialregistersofproperty,wereobjectingtosomemodestpruningofthethicketofregulationsurroundingtheirjob.InItalytoothegovernmenthasprovokedoutragebyattemptingtotrimtherulesoftheprofession.TherowaboutevenminorchangestoahighlyprotectedbusinessshowswhystructuralreformissoslowinsomeofEurope'sbiggesteconomies.2.InAmericathemainjobofnotariesistocertifydocuments,mundaneworkthatrequiresfewqualifications.InFranceandItaly,however,asinmuchofcontinentalEurope,valuableassets(houses,companies,sharesandsoon)cannotchangehandswithoutanotary’sapproval.Entrytotheprofessionisbyarigorousexam-Thenumberofnotariesisrestricted,asistheregioninwhichtheycanwork;someoftheirfeesarefixedtoo.3.InFrancetherearealsorulesaboutwhocanownnotaryfirms(notaries,ofcourse)andwhoelsecanworkinthem(notlawyers,accountantsorotherprofessionals).Aptly,afirmofnotariescanonlychangehandswiththeapprovaloftheprofessionalassociationthatallnotariesbelongto.InGermany,notariesmustreadalldocumentsaloudinfrontofthepartiesconcernedbeforesigningthem,tyingthemupwithstringandsealingthemwithredwax.(Oncehome,theyapplyleechesandreadbycandlelight.)4.Alltheseregulationsaddtocostsandshelternotariesfromcompetition,makingtheprofessionverylucrative.In2010theaverageself-employedFrenchnotaryearned€190,812($265,309).InItaly,thefigurein2013was€210,400.TheaverageprofitmarginofFrenchnotariesin2010was35%.Thesecostsarebome,naturally,bythosebuyingandsellingassets,particularlyhousing.TheOECD,aclubmostlyofrichcountriesfoundin2009thatlegalfeesadded1%tothebillforbuyingahomeinFranceand2%inItaly,comparedtojust0.25%inBritain.Between1981and2011,asFrenchpropertypricessurged,feespaidonhousingtransactions,whichaccountforhalfofnotaries’revenues,roseby68%.Thatwasdespitetheincreaseduseoftechnology,whichhashelpedtodrivedownnotaries'costs.5.TheFrenchreformpavesthewayforanincreaseinthenumberofnotariesincertainpartsofFrance.Italsomakestheirfeesmoretransparent.Betteryet,notarieswillbeallowedtoopenpracticeswithaccountantsandlawyersinabidtoprovideaone-stop-shopforclients,whichshouldhelptolowertransactioncosts.ButthelawthatincludedthesemeasureswassocontroversialthatthegovernmentdidnotriskputtingittoavoteintheNationalAssembly;instead,itpusheditthroughbydecree.6.InItaly,successivegovernmentshavechippedawayatnotaries’privileges.Since2006,forexample,ithasbeenpossibletobuyausedcarwithoutrecoursetoone.In2012thegovernmentofthedayabolishedfixedminimumfees.This,plusaslumpintransactions,hascuttheirearnings:in2008theiraverageincomewas€440,800.Thecurrentgovernmentwantstogofurther,allowingnotariestopracticeanywhereinItalyratherthaninadesignatedregion.Italsohopestoabolishthearrangementwherebynotariespooltheirincometoensureaminimumforeveryone---asystemthatdampenstheincentivetocompete.Moredramatically,itwouldpermitmerelawyerstosignoffoncertaintransactionsthatarecurrentlytheexclusivepreserveofnotaries,suchasthesaleofnon-residentialpropertiesworthlessthan€1000,000andtheregistrationofparticulartypesofcompanies.7.Notariesarguethatallowingtransactionstotakeplacewithouttheiroversightwillincreasetheriskoffraud.TheWorldBank,afterall,considersItaly'ssystemofpropertyregistrationsuperiortoBritain'sorGermany’s.Itisaterribleplacetoenforcecontractsincourt,however,aswouldbenecessaryiflawyerstookoverfromnotaries."Inacountryinwhichtherearesomanythingstochange,"saysElianaMarandi,anItaliannotarywhohasalsoworkedinAmerican/‘itisirrationaltostartwiththeonethingthatworks.”8.Buttherearegoodreasonstofretabouthightransactioncosts.AnOECDstudypublishedin2011foundthathighlegalfeesonhomepurchasesactedasasignificantdisincentivetomoving.Thereportsuggestedthatevensmallreductionsinsuchcostswouldencouragegreatermobility,whichmighthelpthejoblesstofindwork.Withunemploymentat10.2%inFranceand12.6%inItaly,thatsoundslikeareformeveryoneshouldsupport.1.Theauthorofthisarticle,commentingontherecentpoliticalactivityofFenchnotaries,（

）2.Ifweaccepttheinformationinthearticle,thenwemustconcludethat（

）3.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthetraditionalrulesgoverningtheworkofEuropeannotaries（

）4.Thedatainthearticle（

）5.The"one-stopshop”mentionedinparagraph5（

）6.ThearticlementionsunemploymentfiguresinFranceandItaly（

）7.ABritishreaderofthisarticlewouldbelikelyto（

）问题1选项A.isnotsurprisedthattheywouldjoinotherprofessionalgroupssupporrtingeconomicreforms.B.isnotsurprisedthattheywouldworkwithothergroupstoopposeeconomicreforms.C.isclearlyastonishedthatsuchpeoplearerefusingtosupporttheeconomicreformsthattheauthorregardsasnecessaryforFrance.D.seemsmildlysurprisedatfirstthattheywouldbecomeinvolvedinthissortofpublicoppositiontoeconomicreforms.问题2选项A.AmericanandGermannotarieshavesimilarrolesthatdistinguishthemsharplyfromFrenchandItaliannotaries.B.notariesinallthecountriesmentionedperformthesamejobsandfulfillthesamefunctions.C.notariesintheUShaveamuchmorelimitedrangeoffunctionsthandonotariesinofwesternEurope.D.FrenchandItaliannotariesaremuchmoreuptodatethantheircounterpartselsewhere问题3选项A.isscepticalbutatthesametimeamusedorhumorous.B.issharplycritical,evenangryC.islargelyapprovingD.isimpartial;theauthordoesnottakesidesinthesequarrelsoverreform问题4选项A.indicatethattheaverageEuropeannotaryhasamodestincome,thoughsomeearnhugesums.B.showthatFrenchandItaliannotariesmakealotofmoney,thoughlessthantheydidafewyearsago.C.areinsufficienttoshowanythingveryclearabouttheaverageincomeofFrenchorItaliannotaries.D.showwhynotariescontributesogreatlytothegrowthofEuropeaneconomies.问题5选项A.meansaplacewhereclientscanobtainalltheinformationtheyneedabouttheservicesprovidedbynotaries.B.meansthenewarrangementsinFrancethatrequirenotariesandlawyerstoworktogether.C.referstothefactthatallofthereformsaffectingnotarieswereincludedinasinglecomprehensiveactoftheFrenchNationalAssembly.D.referstojointoperationsbynotariesandlawyerspermittedundernewFrenchlaws.问题6选项A.asbackgroundinformationunderliningtheurgencyofeffortstomakeitcheaperforpeoplewithoutjobstomovetonewlocations.B.tocriticizetheselfishnessofwell-paidlawyersandnotariesinthosecountries.C.tosupporttheclaimthatloweringthecostofcommercialtransactionswilldamagetheeconomiesofthesetwonations.D.toshowthatprogresshasbeenmaderecentlyinreducingthenumberofjoblesspeople.问题7选项A.favortheimmediateintroductionofreformsbringingBritishnotaryarrangementsintoconformitywiththoseonthecontinent.B.feelupsetthatthelegalfeesinvolvedinbuyingahouseorflataresomuchgreaterintheUKthaninItalyorFrance.C.approveofdecreasingthehighlegalfeesonhomepurchasesinBritainandotherEuropeancountries.D.rejectproposalstorevisetherulesonpropertysalesalongAmericanlines.18.填空题5.A:Look!Thewindowis（1）.Becareful（2）thepiecesofglassonthefloor.They’re（3）.B:Johnsayssomeone（4）arockthroughthewindowthismorning.Noonehasany（5）whoitwas.19.单选题Althoughtherehasbeenagreatdealofconstructionattheuniversityinthelastfewyears,butthecampusstillfeelsfairlyopenanduncluttered.问题1选项A.therehasbeenB.attheuniversityinthelastC.buttheD.feelsfairlyopenandunclutteredE.没有问题20.填空题MrAmescan’tcometothephone.He’stalkingtoaclientatthe（1）.Couldyoucall（2）

（3）twentyminutes?第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A第6题:C第7题:B第8题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出:112个月前，露露柠檬公司还是世界上炙手可热的品牌之一。它的昂贵的瑜咖装备的销量激增,但是之后消费者们开始抱怨容易起球的布料，会褪色的染料，以及最显著的瑜伽裤子实在太薄了，以至于当你弯腰时裤子实际上就变得透明。露露柠檬公司的创始人的言论使得情况雪上加霜，他暗指一些女性是因为太胖，才穿不下公司的衣服。由此推测D项正确。2.词义题。第一段最后一句中的“deceleratemeaningfully.”最可能指代“公司的销售减速”，由此它的反义词是“加速”。3.细节事实题。根据第二段第二句“Butbrandshaveneverbeenmorefragile.但是品牌从未像如今这般脆弱不堪”及第三句“Thereasonissimple:consumersaresupremelywellinformedandfarmorelikelytoinvestigatetherealvalueofproductsthantorelyonlogos.理由很简单：现在的消费者消息非常灵通，与其依赖品牌形象，更愿意去调查产品的真实价值”知D项“暗示这种观念正在渐渐过时"正确。4.细节事实题。第二段:Whenconsumershadtorelyonadvertisementsandtheirpastexperiencewithacompany,brandsservedasproxiesforquality(当消费者不得不依赖广告以及他们在该公司的购物体验时，品牌起到了产品质量代言人的作用),以及后面指出:...sobrandloyaltywasawayofreducingrisk.所以品牌忠诚度是一个降低风险的方式,由此可知知C项“经验教会他们信任品牌，以减少犯代价昂贵的错误的可能性”正确。5.细节事实题。第三段指出:Butwhathasreallyweakenedthepowerofbrandsistheinternet,whichhasgivenordinaryconsumerseasyaccesstoexpertreviews,userreviewsanddetailedproductdata,inanarrayofcategories(然而真正削弱了品牌力量的是互联网，网络使得普通消费者也可以很容易地获取分门别类的专业评价、用户评价，以及详细的产品数据),以及后面:Theriseofsocialmediahasacceleratedthetrendtoanastonishingdegree:...(社交媒体的出现己在一个令人惊讶的程度上假设了这种趋势（即削弱了品牌力量的趋势)，由此可知A项“已成为互联网削弱品牌忠诚度的一个主要因素”正确。6.推理判断题。根据第四段第六句“Andthishasmadecustomerloyaltyprettymuchathingofthepast.这导致消费者忠诚度的讲法成为过去”及第五段中“Thisisn'ttrueacrosstheboard:brandsretainvaluewherethebrandassociationisintegraltotheexperienceofaproduct（Coca-Cola,say）,这并非一概而论：品牌保留价值，因为品牌联想是产品体验不可或缺的一部分(如可口可乐)”知C项“在品牌作为营销工具的未来价值上貌似存在持续的争议”正确。7.推理判断题。由第五段中“Thisisn’ttrueacrosstheboard:brandsretainvaluewherethebrandassociationisintegraltotheexperienceofaproduct（Coca-Cola,say）这并非一概而论：品牌保留价值，因为品牌联想是产品体验不可或缺的一部分(如可口可乐)”知A项“暗示互联网的出现，尤其是社交媒体的出现使基于品牌的商业失败”的说法过于绝对；第五段:Forestablishedbrandsthisisanightmare.Youcannevercoastonpastperformance...(对已确定的品牌而言，这是一个噩梦，你决不能不费力气或没有麻烦地依靠你之前的功绩),由此可知C项“认为他例举的趋势将让大企业更容易继续去支配消费者市场”不正确。D项“认为企业将能利用互联网去设计更能有效地反应消费者喜好的产品”在文中没有提及。第六段:Forconsumersthisisideal:theyaremakingbetterchoices,andheightenedcompetitionhasraisedqualityandhelddownprices(对消费者而言，他们在在做更好的选择，提高的竞争提升了产品的质量且也降低了产品价格)。可知B“认为消费者通过大量获取互联网上的产品信息而正受到得到更好的服务”正确。8.推理判断题。根据第六段中“AndtheKoreancarmakerHyundaihasgonefrombeingajoketosellingfourmillioncarsayear.而且，韩国汽车生产者现代集团己从一个笑话变成一个每年销售四百万汽车的企业”知A项“曾经声誉不好，但现在在它的行业却获得了成功”正确。2.【答案】distance;average;needs;soon;gradually【解析】1.语义题。句意:北京和天津的距离是120公里。因此第一空填distance。2.固定搭配。onaverage平均,大体。3.语义题。句意:一般来说，城际高速列车需要（花费）30分钟时间将乘客从一个城市运到另一个城市。第三空需要填谓语动词表示“花费,需要”。4.语义题。此空后面有动词grow，因此此空为一个副词修饰grow，gradually符合句意。3.【答案】1.trouble2.from3.broken4.had5.repair6.already7.breakdown【解析】1.固定搭配。Havetroublewith…有故障。2.固定搭配。importedfrom从…进口。3.固定搭配。breakdown损坏，分解，发生故障，分词为brokendown。4.固定搭配。Haveto不得不。have后加动词过去分词表完成时态，故这里应填had。5.语义题。修理用repair。6.语义题。Havealready已经。7.语义题。haveabreakdown损坏,出故障。4.【答案】E5.【答案】1.gress14.from【解析】1.固定搭配。Hearstoryabout听关于…的故事。而且这里应该用过去式。2.固定搭配。beirrelevanttosth.与某事无关。3.语义题。句意:在这方面，我和今天的许多学生很相似。4.语义题。句意:我意识到这些故事是多么准确。5.固定搭配。Loseopportunities失去机会。这里应该用过去式。6.逻辑分析。空格前后句子为因果关系:英语不好，我失去了很多机会。因此,我决定纠正之前的错误。7.固定搭配。getatutor请家教。这里应用一般过去时态。8.固定搭配。Forthefirsttime第一次。9.固定搭配。turnouttobe结果是,证明是。10.语义题。句意:我曾经做的最好决定之一。11.语义题。句意:在我改变对英语的态度后。12.固定搭配。asaresult结果。13.固定搭配。Makeprogressin在…方面取得巨大进步。14.固定搭配。benefitfromsth.受益于…。6.【答案】C【解析】固定短语误用。applyto改为applyfor。applyto适用于…，应用于…。applyfor申请,请求。题干意思事"申请中国科学院的研究生”，故需要改为applyfor。7.【答案】permission【解析】固定搭配。Getpermissionto获得权限。8.【答案】1.job2.whether3.were4.change5.thought6.used7.According8.cause9.salary10.better11.more【解析】1.词汇题。根据上下文推测此处填job。Quitone’sjob辞职。2.固定搭配。Whetherornot是否。3.语法题。考查虚拟语气。根据If以及主句中动词时态“would/shouldtell”可知,此处是if引导的虚拟语气。而且,根据today判断,这是对现在的虚拟,故填4.词汇题。句意:但是，要是我改变主意了呢？5.词汇题。句意:我觉得你已经做好了决定。再根据后面的you’dmade判断此处为think的过去式thought。6.词汇题。此处为定语从句修饰someone。此处的someone指在这个公司工作或曾经工作过的人,所以此处填used，与后面的to搭配表示“曾经”。7.固定搭配。Accordingto根据…。8.词汇题。句意:他有说不满的原因是什么吗？9.词汇题。根据语境推测此处填salary(工资,薪水)。10.固定搭配。You’dbetter你最好是…。11.词汇题。A希望B能在接受新公司邀请之前和目前或之前的员工谈谈。此句已经完整,因此应填入程度副词，故填more，即多了解情况。9.【答案】D【解析】动词误用。由前面的关键词“IoMr.Kang’shands”知这里的sending(派遣,打发,发送)应该改为giving(赠送;赠与;送给)更符合语境。10.【答案】B【解析】副词多余。去除extremely。由furious的英文释义“markedbyextremeandviolentenergyorextremeanger”知它已经含有extremely“极其；非常”的意思，故B项这里的“extremely”属于重复，应该去除。11.【答案】1.some2.decided【解析】1.语义题。句意:告诉你一些好消息。2.固定搭配。Decidetodo决定…。12.【答案】E13.【答案】E14.【答案】1.so2.don’t3.idea4.taxi4.shall6.front【解析】1.语法题。考查倒装。这里表示“我们也有”。2.语法题。考查否定疑问。这里是否定疑问句表示肯定。3.固定搭配。Agoodidea好主意。4.语义题。由后面的saveabitofmoney推测这里表示“我们可以一起打的”。5.语义题。句意:我们什么时候见面？6.固定搭配。infrontof在…前面。15.【答案】A【解析】介词误用。去掉to。make“使得；进行”为使役动词,后面一般跟动词原形。16.【答案】1.idea;2.across;3.anyone【解析】1.固定搭配。第一空是固定用法havenoidea不知道。2.介词辨析。第二空应填入介词,后面说Iseelights