名词性从句复习

NounClause名词性从句TheboyisliMing.Mr.Liang,a24-year-oldboy,teachesusEnglish.主语主语表语同位语宾语1.名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。名词性从句主语从句(TheSubjectClause)宾语从句(TheObjectClause)表语从句(ThePredicativeClause)同位语从句(TheAppositiveClause)

从句一律保持陈述语序。引导名词性从句的词:1.连接词有：thatwhether和lf2.连接代词有：whowhomwhosewhichwhat

等3.连接副词有：whenwherewhyhow等另外whateverwhoeverwhichever等也可以引导主语和宾语两种从句。名词性从句中的“that”没有词义，也不作任何成分。主语从句(TheSubjectClause)在复合句中起主语的作用。他星期三来这里是肯定的。_______________________________________iscertain.

HewillcomehereonWednesdayThat注意：从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上从属连词that(不做成分也无意义)他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。____________________________________isnotcertain.WhetherhewillcomehereonWednesday注意：主语从句表示“是否”只用“whether”而不用“if”(不做成分但有意义“是否”

)h

主语从句做主语时,谓语动词通常用单数.但what引导的从句做主语时,如果表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数.1.Whathesaid_____muchforustothinkabout.A.leaveB.leaves2.ThatIshallworkwithyou__agreatpleasure.A.areB.is3.Whatheleftme______someoldbooks.A.areB.is____________________________________________________________________________________★★★主语从句有时用“it”作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面，以避免头重脚轻。Thathewillcomehere

is

known

tous.It

is

knowntousthathewillcomehere.用it做形式主语的that从句有以下四种不同的搭配：It+be+形容词＋that从句Itisnecessarythat…有必要…Itisimportantthat….重要的是…Itisobviousthat……很明显……It+be+-ed分词＋that从句Itisbelievedthat…人们相信…Itisknowntous/allthat….众所周知…Ithasbeendecidedthat……已经决定……It+be+名词＋that从句Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常识Itisasurprisethat….令人惊奇的是…Itisafactthat……事实是……It+不及物动词＋that从句Itappears/seemsthat…似乎…Ithappensthat….碰巧…Itoccurredtomethat……我突然想起……___hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.

AThat

BWhyCWhatDHow2.___we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere3.___isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry____theFirstWorld.AWhich;belongtoBAs,belongedtoCWhat;belongingtoDIt;belongingto★★★4.It’sknowntousall___aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit___herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.ThatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink___noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave★★★宾语从句(TheObjectClause)在复合句中起宾语的作用,用在及物动词/介词之后.Idon’tknow______________________

我不知道你会来这里。注意：that在从句中不充当任何成分也无意义，在口语或非正式的文体中常常被省去。youwillcomehere.（that）Myunclesaid(that)Peterwouldcomeandthathewouldalsobringhisson.

有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可以省略.注意：在宾语从句中，表示“是否”既可以用whether,也可以用if.从句是否定句时一般用if。但下列情况只能用whether:1.与ornot连用;2.作介词和discuss的宾语;3.后接动词不定式时;4.用if引导会引起歧义.Pleasetellmeifyoulikeit.Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay.1.请告诉我你是否喜欢它.(宾语从句,用whether好).2.如果你喜欢它就告诉我.(状语从句).我不知道他来不来。我想知道他来还是不来。你们是在谈论他是否要来吗？他不在乎天气是否好。Idon’tknowwhether/ifhewillcome.Iwanttoknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.Areyoutalkingaboutwhetherhewillcome?Hedoesn’tcareifitisn’tafineday.宾语从句中的否定转移注意：如果宾语从句是由think,believe,imagine,suppose,expect等词引导且主句主语是第一人称，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。反意问句由宾语从句决定。Ithinkhewon’tcomehere.()Idon’tthinkhewillcomehere.()我认为他不会来这里我认为他不会来这里,是吗？Idon’tthinkhewillcomehere,__________?willheHedoesn’tthinkhecangoabroad,_______?doeshe注意：主句主语不是第一人称时上述原则不适用。宾语从句中用it作形式宾语注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。这种情况that不可以省略.1)Wethinkthatweshouldhelpothersourduty.Wethinkit

ourduty

thatweshouldhelpothers.2)Ifindthatheshouldfinishthework

intwodays

impossible.Ifindit

impossible

thatheshouldfinishtheworkintwodays.1.主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。2.当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句叙述的内容为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_______fasterthansound.(travel)

travels注意：1.Theradiosaysit_______cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)3.Tomsaysthatthey_____________(play)basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.4.Ihearthey____________(return)italready.5.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)练习：willbe

goeswereplayinghavereturnedhadbeen表语从句(ThePredicativeClause)在复合句中起表语的作用。一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。另外,常用的还有thereasonwhy…isthat…和Itisbecause…等结构。（1）我们的目的是他能认识到错误。Ourpurposeis________________________.hecanrealizehisfaults.that注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。（2）问题是它是否值得做。Thequestionis_______________________whether

itisworthdoing.表语从句表示“是否”只用“whether”而不用“if”.1.That’s___thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis___heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis___theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger___shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when

★★★★练习：同位语从句(TheAppositiveClause)在复合句中起同位语的作用。同位语从句一般放在如idea,news,fact,promise,suggestion,belief,truth等含有丰富内涵的词语后面，用来说明前面那个词的具体内容。他给了她一个承诺，他会在两个月后回来。Hegaveherapromise______________________________________.hewouldcomebackintwomonthsthat一般说来，同位语从句都用that来作连接词，而且不能省略。也可用how,when,where等。1.Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2.WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.3.ImetaproblemhowIcouldgetmydestination.4.Ihavenoideawhetherit’llraintomorrow.同位语从句中表示“是否”只能用whether.辨析：1.同位语从句与定语从句(1)Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.

Thenewsthatyoutoldusis

reallyencouraging.从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。

（定语从句）（同位语从句）(2)Thesuggestion

thatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical

isworthconsidering.Thesuggestionthatisworthconsideringisthatthestudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.（同位语从句）（定语从句）引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分且无意义；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。

同位语从句——that不能省定语从句——that在从句中作宾语时，可以省(3)Ihaveheardthenewsthathevisitedourfactory.Ihaveheardthenews(that)hetoldyoutheotherday.说出下列从句属于哪种从句：A:Appositive（同位语）;B:Attributive（定语）Hisproposalthatwegothereonfootisacceptable.Manyteachersholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline.3.Thefirstrequestthathemadewastoaskforfreedom.4.Doyouhaveanyideawherewewillbesent?5.Isthisthecompanywhereyourfatherworks?6.Thisisthereasonthathegaveforhisabsence.7.Hemadeanexcusethathiscarbrokedownon

theway.BBB2.名词性从句中that与what的区别：1.___hewillcometothediscussioniscertain.2.___Ilikebestisabook.3.___Ilikethebookbestisknowntoeveryone.4.___shelookedaftertheoldpatientawholeyearmovesusall.5.___puzzledthepolicespeciallywashowthemurderdied.6.___surprisedmemostwas____shelookedaftertheoldpatientawholeyear.ThatThatThatthatWhat

WhatWhat

在名词性从句中that不充当成分只起连接作用，而what则在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。3.疑问词＋ever可引导名词性从句相当anyonewho,anythingthat等，在从句中要充当一定的成分。疑问词＋ever还可引导让步状语从句，相当于nomatter＋疑问词。Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.

＝Anybodywhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.Parentsshouldn'tbuywhatevertheirchildrenwant.＝Parentsshouldn'tbuyanythingthattheirchildrenwant.Whereveryouare,youmustbehaveyourself.＝Nomatterwhereyouare,youmustbehaveyourself.4.名词性从句中的虚拟语气：（1）宾语从句中的虚拟语气

在表示建议、要求、命令等动词后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用动词原形或“should+动词原形”。常见的这类动词有ask,advise,argue,arrange,determine,decide,command,insist,intend,move,prefer,propose,order,recommend,request,require,suggest(建议)，urge,demand,desire,direct等。e.g.Theyurgedthatthelibrary_____________openduringthevacation.(keep)

Hedemandedthathe______________therighttoexpresshisoption.(give)

(should)bekept(should)begiven（2）主语从句中的虚拟语气主语从句中的虚拟语气形式为“Itis+引起虚拟的形容词或过去分词+that主语从句（谓语动词用原形或should+动词原形）”。常用的这类形容词有advisable,appropriate,crucial,desirable,essential,important,natural,necessary,preferable,strange,urgent,vital等，常用的过去分词有desired,demanded,ordered,requested,suggested,advised,recommended,required等。

e.g.Itisdesiredthatwe_____________ourlessonbeforeclass.(preview)(should)previewItisessentialthattheprogram___________loadedintocomputer.(be)(should)be(3)表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议、命令、主张、要求、愿望等名后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要求用虚拟语气，其形式为“（should）+动词原形”。常见的这类词有resolution,pray,decision,motion,suggestion,preference,proposal,advice,recommendation,desire,demand,requirement,order,necessity,request,idea等。

e.g.Themanagergaveordersthatthenewemployees________________specialnightclass.(attend)Thedean’srequirementisthatallgraduatestudentsineducation____________CET-6.(pass)(should)attend(should)passPracticeone1.____madetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.AWhat/becauseBWhat/thatCThat/whatDThat/because2.___shecouldn’tunderstandwas___fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.AWhat/whyBThat/whatCWhat/becauseDWhy/that

3.Heisabsentfromschool.Itis__heisseriouslyill.A.whyB.becauseC.thatD.thereason★★★4___hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.AWhoBTheoneCAnyoneDWhoever5.Informationhasbeenputforward__moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.AthatBhowCwhereDwhat

6.___isnopossibility___Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There,thatB.It,thatC.There,whetherD.It,which★★★7–IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.--Isthat___youhadafewdaysoff?AwhyBwhenCwhatDwhere8Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?---Oh,that’s___.AwhatmakesmefeelexcitedBwhateverIfeelexcitedaboutChowIfeelaboutitDwhenIfeelexcited

★★9.__fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.AWhatBThatCThisDWhich10.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly__hewants.AwhatBwhichCwhenDthat11.Wemadethesug