英才口语训练营

#半元音：/w/j/按声带震动与否为：清音：/p/t/k/f/0/s/f/tj/h/浊音：/b/d/g/v/d/z/3/ds/r/w/j/l/m/n/I]/国际音标（英语语音）元单元~j音前元音[i:][i][e]区］中元音[a][:][]1—:—1Vn后元曰[u:][u][□：][□][a:]双元~j音开合双元音[ei][ai][□i][u][au]集中双元音[i][e][u]辅爆破~j音清辅音[p][t][k]浊辅音[b][d][g]摩擦~j音清辅音[f][s][f][9][h]浊辅音[v][z][3]傍］破擦~j音清辅音[tf][tr][ts]浊辅音[ds][dr][dz]鼻音（浊辅音）[m][n][I]舌则~j音（浊辅音）[l][r]

半元~j半元~j音（浊辅音）[w][j]新旧元音音标对照表l.Thediagramoforgansofspeechandthenameofeachpart.发音器官图及各部位名称：1、上唇upperlip2、下唇lowerlip3、上齿upperteeth4、下齿lowerteeth5、齿龈teethridge6、硬腭hardpalate7、软腭softpalate8、小舌uvula9、舌尖tipofthetongue10、舌面bladeofthetongue11、舌根rootofthetongue12、鼻腔nasalcavity13、口腔mouthcavity14、咽头pharynx15、会厌epiglottis16、食道esophagus17、气管windpipe18、声带vocalcords19、喉头larynx

2.当舌头处于松弛位置时，舌尖及舌端的位置与齿龈相对，舌中相对于硬腭，舌后相对于软腭。气流从肺部流进气管，然后通过喉头进入咽头，再进入口腔。如果软腭下垂，气流就流进鼻腔。喉头包括可以闭合的声带，当声带拉紧的时候，来自肺部的气流使声带发生震动，这样就发出声音来。当我们发元音和浊辅音时，声带拉近产生震动。当我们发清辅音时，声带分开，没有震动。语音就是通过声带的震动和这些发音器官的一定运动而产生的。英语音标及字母组合对照1.元音：1） [i：]字母组合:eeeaeieei（eoeyi）threetreegreensheepmeetbeefseeseekeattea meat leave lead teacher team meanspeakcleanplease he she mepiece receive ceilingTOC\o"1-5"\h\z[I]发音字母i y e ui u asitpicture it is list sixmix fix fit pigbigbuildmissmythmanytwentyhappydictionarydefectdecide[决]发音字母abaghandandanthappyhatmapmadbadblackbackgladflagshallman[e]字母组合eaea(ue,u,ie,ai,ei,ay)headbreadpleasureelephantelectricremembersellshelllessonbetterbed desk hotelyes manyanyE]字母组合irurearerorgirlshirtskirtthirtythirteenthirdbirdturn burn murdernurse turtleThursdayburgerlearnearnearthheardtermhernerdserveworkwormworkworld6)回字母组合erorouaroaeuteacherleaderrememberplayerspeakerfarmerpowderdoctoractormayorauthortractordeliciousgraciouspleasurefamiliarcollardollartogethertomorrowtodayshalloplessonWashingtoncontrolpolitearoundaccountagoelephantmantabananaCanadaJapanchinamenlistenfamulus7)[a:]字母组合aracarfarmcardarmgardenfastclasslastglassplantauntcalm8)[A]发音字母u0OU00upsupperlunchfungunhuntcupbuscomemotherdosebrotherloveabovetroubleroughflourishbloodfloodD:]字母组合alorauourarsmallwalltalktallhallballcallwalkshortmorelordhorseforfortysportdoorfloorstoreauthorcaughtautumnfourmourncourtboughtwarm[3](回)发音字母oaouhotlostlotfoxboxmophoplosscollarnotwantwashwatchTOC\o"1-5"\h\z[u：]字母组合00 0ufoodmoonroomgloombroomdoomgoosetoothshoedotwotruetruthblue fullprude[u]字母组合00OUU0lookgoodfootbookwoodshouldcouldputfullbullpullpushwomanwolf[ei]发音字母aayeaaieynamecakelategateplaneAprilplaysaymaywaygreatbreakrainpaintplaintheygrey[ai]发音字母iybikefinefinddieninelightnighthighmytryflyeye[au]字母组合ouowhouseoutflourgroundaccountcountsoundloudaroundmouseflowerdownnowcowhowtown[su]发音字母oowoahomecoldgonophonehostghostknowlowbelowgrowblowshowflowboatcoat[di]字母组合oy oiboytoyjoyoilsoilvoicechoice[i£]字母组合eerearbeerdeerearnearherefierceidea[印]侬司)字母组合earairerepearbearchairairfairtherewherecare[us][auo]字母组合ourowerhourtourflowershower2、辅音[p]pen,picnic[b]bed,big,break[t]tell,student[d]day,played,wanted[k]cold,sky,quick,back,accept,[g]big,go,guess,language[f]five,cough,laugh[v]voice,of,live]think,thank[3]this,bathe[s]sit,miss,science,case,scarf[z]zoo,close,[3]pleasure,treasure[S]sure,she,social,nation[h]hot,who,hour[tS]child,teach,catch[d3]joke,bridge[ts]boats,students[dz]goods,boards[tr]tree,trip[dr]dream,drop[m] man,milk[n] nine,knife,autumn[q]bank,uncle,English,sing,[l]land,world,luck[r]read,write,[w]wall,what,answer[j]Yes,yield,yell容易混淆的辅音1)[v]-[w]vet-wetvest--west;vine--wine;very--well

2)[s]-[B]sink—thinksort-thoughtmiss—mythmass--math3)[z]~[b]closing—clothingbreeze—breathebays--bathes4)[n]-[n]thin-thingsin-singwin—wingran—rangbee/bi:/feet/fi:t/keep/ki:p/key/ki:/team/ti:m/it/it/big/big/city/2)[s]-[B]sink—thinksort-thoughtmiss—mythmass--math3)[z]~[b]closing—clothingbreeze—breathebays--bathes4)[n]-[n]thin-thingsin-singwin—wingran—rangbee/bi:/feet/fi:t/keep/ki:p/key/ki:/team/ti:m/it/it/big/big/city/siti/give/giv/sick/sik/get/get/best/best/text/tekst/help/help/fat/f&t/have/h&v/cat/k&t/back/b^k/hat/h^t/laugh/la:f/glass/gla:s/half/ha:f/farm/fa:m/park/pa:k/horse/hD：s/saw/sD：/corn/kD：n/course/kD：s/salt/sD：t/单词发音练习:meet/mi:t/dog/dDg/pot/pDt/cost/kDst/what/wDt/honest/'Dnist/food/fu:d/book/buk/moon/mu:n/rule/ru:l/loose/lu:s/noon/nu:n/put/put/good/gud/would/wud/could/kud/must/mAst/does/dAz/money/'mAni/ ugly/'Agli/come/kAm/nurse/n:s/

better/bet/bird/b:d/burn/b:n/turn/t:n/girl/g:l/never/nev/worker/w:k/welcome/welkm/may/mei/name/neim/game/geim/eight/eit/age/eid^/no/nu/home/hum/hope/hup/wrote/rut/note/nut/pose/puz/eye/ai/time/taim/buy/bai/right/rait/bike/baik/kite/kait/now/nau/out/aut/how/hau/about/baut/south/sau0/house/haus/boy/bDi/toy/tDi/noise/nDiz/voice/vDis/point/pDint/coin/kDin/ear/i/near/ni/idea/ai'di/hear/hi/mere/mi/spear/spi/air/s/ tear/ts/care/ks/dare/ds/ fair/fsair/s/ tear/ts/tour/tu/poor/pu/sure/fu/moor/mu/(停泊)your/ju/pea/pi:/pie/pai/ top/tDp/ cap/k&p/people/pi:pl/pride/praid/bee/bi:/by/bai/buy/bai/black/bl^k/ bear/bs/let/let/sat/s^t/feet/fi:t/team/ti:m/tide/taid/led/led/sad/s&d/feed/fi:d/do/du:/dear/di/lack/l^k/take/teik/ clock/klDk/class/kla:s/weekend/'wi:kend/big/big/lag/l&g/glass/gla:s/gum/gAm/good/gud/guest/gest/face/feis/fast/fa:st/leaf/li:f/surf/s:f/favorite/'feivrit/very/'veri/five/faiv/fever/'fi:v/serve/s:v/never/'nev/bath/ba:0/（v洗澡）thick/0ik/mouth/mau。/breath/bre0/（n呼吸）thought/0D：t/author/'30/truth/tru:0/the/d/they/dei/that/d^t/mother/'mAd/thus/dAs/then/den/face/feis/mouse/maus/cakes/keiks/caps/k&ps/likes/laiks/ stops/st3ps/close/kluz/keys/ki:z/boys/b3iz/pens/penz/halves/ha:vz/catch/k&tj/cheep/tfi:p/rich/ritj/watch/wtj/child/tfaild/question/kwestfn/teach/ti:tf/challenge/tflind3/orange/'Drid^/large/la:d3/juice/d^u:s/job/d^Db/tree/tri:/try/trai/true/tru:/trouble/traubl/track/tr&k/dry/drai/dream/dri:m/dress/dres/drink/driQk/hundred/'hAndrid/she/fi:/sharp/fa:p/fish/fif/shock/fDk/shoe/fu:/pleasure/'ple3/measure/'me3/television/'telivi^n/let's/lets/sports/spD:ts/puts/puts/writes/raits/seats/si:ts/hands/h&ndz/birds/b:dz/friends/freindz/beds/bedz/stands/st&ndz/he/hi:/hard/ha:d/him/him/heard/h:d/half/ha:f/like/laik/late/leit/learn/l:n/lead/li:d/light/lait/my/mai/more/mD：/seem/si:m/meat/mi:t/mind/maind/men/men/nice/nais/wind/waind/mind/maind/rain/rein/fine/fain/sing/siQ/wing/wiQ/ring/riQ/long/lDQ/beautiful/bju:tfl/you/ju:/few/fju:/yard/ja:d/music/'mju:zik/student/'stju:dnt/excuse/ik'skju:z/work/w:k/way/wei/well/wel/what/wDt/ twelve/twelv/twin/twin/red/red/road/rud/write/rait/wrong/rDQ/problem/'prDblm/音标综合练习1、Practicethefollowingvowelsinreadingwords/u://u//e//A//&//a://□/ /□://:/shootshouldshellshutshallsharpshotshortshirtnoonnooknextnonenagnastynonnorthnursecoolcouldcellcutcatchcartcotcourtcurvewoundwoodwellwonwagonvasewhatwardworkwhosehookhenhuthathearthothorsehurtLootlookletlucklacklastlocklordalert2、/ei//9U//ai//au//Di//keip//greit//mein//pr9p9Uz//'m3U伉n//st9Un//r9Uv9//sait/kapegreatmainproposemotionstoneoversightrhyme3./im//vim/doubttypistoust/bumn/moist/gumd/oyster/sm//um//m'fsm//dsm//sksm//'rumrml//m'pim//kmlAmbim/veeraffairdarescarebourngourdruralappearColombia/raim//daut//'taipist//aust//mDist/ /'Dist9//m^timriml/ /mistieri^s/materialmysterious4./0//d//mAn。/ /Bi：f/启况t/ 冷血/ /fei。//tm'gebm//。况nk/ /Bmm'selvz/monththiefthatthanfaithtogetherthankthemselvesTonguetwistersf绕口令丿(1)Therearethirty-threetreesthere.(0,6)Abigblackbugbitthebackofthebigblackbear.Thebigblackbearbeatbackthebigblackbug.(/b/)Shesellsseashellsontheseashore,andtheshellsshesellsareseashells.I'msurebecauseifshesellsshellsattheseashore,theshellsshesellsareseashellsforsure.

(4)Thereisakitteninthekitchen.Inthekitchen,Iflythechicken.AflyfliesintothekitchenwhileI'mfryingthechicken.(/tf/)⑸Youarenoneedtolightanightlightonalightnightliketonight.Foranight,light'saslightlightandtonight'sanightthat'slight.Whenanight'slightliketonight'slight,it's reallynotquitrighttolightnightlightswiththeirslightlight'sonthelightnightliketonight.(/n/--/l/)shopsigns.(/s/—/f/)(7)Whydidn'tyoudothatwhatItoldyoutodo?(/shopsigns.(/s/—/f/)(7)Whydidn'tyoudothatwhatItoldyoutodo?(//--//)(8)The(9)Mikedoctor'sdaughterknockedlikestowritebytheatthelockeddoor.nicebrightlightatnight.Isthispairofscissorsofhissister's?Yes,thisisthepairofscissorsofhissister's. (/s/—/z/)Petepickedupapieceofpaperandputitintothepaperbasket.(/p/)Williamwantstoknowwhethertheweatherwillbewettertomorrow.(/w/)高级语音部分语调（intonation）,即说话的腔调，就是一句话里声调（p/t房）高低抑扬轻重的配制和变化。世界上没有一种语言是用单一的声调说出的，以英语为例，英语有五种基本语调：升调（/）、的降调（/）、的升降调（八）、的降升调（V）以及平调（f）。一句话除了词汇意义（lexicalmeaning）还有语调意义（intonationmeaning）。所谓词汇意义就是话中所用词的意义，而语调意义就是说话人用语调所表示的态度或口气。一句话的词汇意义加上语调意义才算是完全的意义。同样的句子，语调不同，意思就会不同，有时甚至会相差千里。请看下例：1） A：Jean,canyoubringmethenewspaper?B：Sorry?（7）Jean用升调说“Sorry",其意思是“/didn'thearyou.Couldyousaythatagain,please?”我们再看下句：2） A：Jean,canyoubringmethenewspaper?B：Sorry.（/）在对话2）中，Jean用降调说“Sorry”,显然其意思是拒绝帮助或无能为力。降调：英语句子的语调一般都是由高到底（或由低到高，再由高到底），一个音节一个音节顺次向下降。语调或升或降，或高或低，一般都落在短语或句子的最后一个重音上。如：Whattimecan/see\（降）you?Doyoumindif/smoke/（升）?降调的特点：如果句子的第一个音节是重读音节的话,那么第一个音节最高，然后顺此向下降,最后一个重读音节用降调。如：'Motherhas'goneto、town、（降）•如果是以非重读音节开始的话，那么开始的非重读音节很低，句子中的第一个重读音节最高，然后顺次向下降，最后一个重读音节用降调。如：/shall'callyouto'morrow'morning\（降）•降调的用法：降调用于：陈述句、特殊疑问句、祈使句（表示命令）、惊叹句。升调：升调的特点：如果句子的第一个音节是重读音节的话,那么第一个音节最高，然后顺此向下降,最后一个重读或非重读音节用升调。如：'Haveyoubeen'stayinghere'long/（升）?如果是以非重读音节开始的话，那么开始的非重读音节很低，句子中的第一个重读音节最高，然后顺次向下降，最后一个重读或非重读音节用升调。如.•/she'comingto'morrow'morning/（升）?升调的用法：升调一般用于一般疑问句、祈使句（表示委婉、客气）、陈述句（含有感情色彩时，如不肯定、疑问、安慰、不耐烦等）。语调群.•每一个短语、从句或句子为一个语调群。一个句子可能包含有几个语调群。升调在前，降调在后类型的句子：1） 选择疑问句：Doyouprefertea/（升）orcoffee\（降）?2）以状语或状语从句开始的句子：Atteno’clockinthemorning/（升）thecontestbegan'（降）•3） 计数或点东西：One/（升）,two/（升）,three/（升）andfourX（降）•降调在前，升调在后类型的句子：1） 反意疑问句：Youwenttotheconcertyesterday\（降），didn'tyou/（升）?2） 前面是陈述句，后面有一表示不肯定或疑虑的附加语。It'sgoingtorain\（降）,imafraid/（升）•前面是降调，后面也是降调的句子：1）反意疑问句（不表示疑问）：Itisafineday\（降）,isn'tit?（降）2） 主句在前，状语或状语从句在后的陈述句。Hewillknowbetter\（降）whenhegetsolder\（降）•3）并歹列句：Thetelephonerang,butIdidn'tanswerit・语调练习；1・Youdon'tsmoke,doyou?2^Iwon'tgoifitrains・3・Doyouprefertotakeawalkorstayathome?Thereareplates,bowls,cups,knivesandforksonthetable・Whenandwhereshallwemeetagain?6・We'vehadaveryenjoyableevening,haven'twe?7Don'tshoutatme.—l，mnotshoutingatyou-Who'sshoutingatyou?Nobody'sshoutingatyou-You'r'ebeingsilly-8-Nancy'sgoingtobetwenty-onenextmonth-—Nancy?Twenty-one?/thoughtshewasmucholder-音的连读：在连贯地说话或朗读时,在同一个意群（即短语或从句丿中，如果相邻的两个词前者以辅音音素结尾,后者以元音音素开头，就要自然地将辅音和元音相拼，构成一个音节，这就是连读•连读时的音节一般不重读，只需顺其自然地一带而过，不可以加音，也不可以读得太重•如:notatall这个短语•连读时听起来就像是一个单词•注意.•连读只发生在句子中的同一个意群中•在两个意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音和元音出现，也不可连读•如:Pleasetakealookatit•这个句子中takealookatit是同一个意群，那么take与a可连读，look与at可连读,at与it可连读•其中最常见的是连音r，即拼写中一个词尾不发音的字母r，碰到后一个词的词首是元音，将r与后面的元音连读•如;hereare;foureggs;在Thereisabookinit•—句中There和is连读，book与in往往不连读，因为book与in分别在两个不同的意群中-Eg:notatall，halfanhour，/loveyouandall，afterall失去爆破：所谓失爆俄者爆破丿，是指当庄7，/b7,住7，仞，"7，笃连贯出现在同一单词内部或连贯出现在前一单词结尾与后一单词开头,有前一个要嘎然而止，只做口型不发其音•如黑板blackboard中［k］失爆了,因为它后面的［b］也是爆破音・sjtdown-si(t)down,似乎听不到任何人会把sit的［t］音完完整整地发出来，这个音几乎必然地永远失去・Eg:goodgirl,goodstudent,goodjob中的［d］失去爆破，只做口型不发其音•音的同化：当两个音放在一起时会有同化现象产生•如:wouldyou中［d］和［］读成［d3］Can'tyouseeit中［t］和［j］读成［tJ］Missyou中［s］和［j］读成［门清辅音浊化：清辅音浊化按照英语读音的习惯，在/s/音后面的清辅音会读成相应的浊辅音。/s/后p读b,k读g,t读d,tr读d(包括音标发音是k的，如school/sgu:le/)K读gspy/spai/轻辅音浊化就应该是/sbai/spoon/spu:n/轻辅音浊化就应该是/sbu:n/star/sta:/轻辅音浊化就应该是/sda:/鼻爆破：主要是t的发音不要发成/t/的音但口腔内要做出发/t/音的时候的动作要将舌面抬升阻止气流从嘴边出来形成一个类似“恩”的音类似的还有britaincurtainbritainbuttonwritteneatenimportantcertain!^/iA/asbittenbythedog・LUhere'smymittens?It'saLatinword・TheflowerswilllightentheroomThrowtherottenfishawayThedothismadeofcotton-弱读；英语中弱读主要就是两大块句子中的某些虚词和爆破音。一、 单词中音的省略指单词内部或词与词之间一个音或几个音的省略。7、/e/和/〃的省音较普遍。如：history/histeri/一/histri/family/famili/，/famli/2、可能有几个辅音被省略掉的现象。特别常见的是在两个辅音之间的/t/和/d/的省略。如：/usedto/aijusttu/一/aijustu/二、 句子中词的弱读：通常情况下，冠词、介词、助词、连词等虚词在句子中要弱读。如：i七'smadeofcheeseandeggs・/itsmeidvtfi:zendegz/。而一些单词强读的发音和弱读的发音不一样，这也就加大了听力理解的难度。如“will”,“a”，“at”，“is”，W和“and”的强读形式分别为/w/7/,/e〃，/at/,/iz/,/ev/和/end/。要提高听力理解水平，在平日朗读和说话过程中就必须养成使用弱读的习惯。虽然英语单词强弱读形式不一并且常用词往往有不止一个弱读形式，但只要掌握其构成特点，很容易记住弱读形式的发音。一般地，语速快时，连读的音连接较紧，语速慢时，连读的音连接较松；后一个音是非重读音节时，连接较紧，后一个音是重读音节时，连接较松。单个词的弱读式：1、 are,isam[m][am]are[a1[ar]is[z][s]2、 oi;andor[o][or]and[n][nd][dn]说明：当。r后面接辅音时读[9]，接元音时读lar]；通常在美音中都读[ar"and后面接元音时可读[nd n],连读时可由[d]成[n]与后面的元音连读。3、 but,as,norbut[bat】as[az][z]nor[na][nor]说明：tun•后面接元音时，读[nar],接辅音时，读[胞L4、 ofof[avH8j[v][f]说明：L在成前面如果是一个完全阻碍的清辅音时（如[t]、[p]、[tj]）,减[卯]中的[9]常不发音;这时,如果发后面接的是元音或浊辅音*of便发音为[v],例如firetof[v]all；如果后面是个清辅音，of便发音为[门，例如partofff]speech,2、在of前面如果是浊辅音，则of[ 1中的[&]常被保留；这时，如果nf的后面接个完全阻碍的清辅音（如[t]、[p]、W]）时，0頁卯]中的[¥]常不发音,只余EL例如alotof[a]people；如果of后面接浊辅音,（v]音常被保留,of发音为[第],例如Ifsveiykindoffav]you.»为了避免麻烦，在--般情况F可把of发成[。]街5、 toto[teHda][tu]说明：to在般情况下都读[馆]；to的后面接辅音时还可读[dm]；用在句尾时读[tub

6、foi;fromfor[fa][far]「fr] fn>mffrem][frm]说明：for后而接兀音时读Ifat*b[fr],接辅音时,读]均]。7、 youi;youre,youareyour[j8）[j^r][jauJ[jaur] youis[jaz][jtisz][jara]youare=you're[ja][jsr][jua]8、 have,hashave[9vHv]ff][hmv]has[]fz][s][haz]说明：1、当have,has表示“拥有”或作助动词时，如果不是强调，-般读[mv]和[az]；语流较慢时读[hav]和[h如];缩略式时分别读为[v][f]和[z][s],如果后血的词以元音或浊辅音开头,则读[v]和[时，如果后面的词以清辅音开头,则读[f]和[s]。2、当have,has用作行为劫词，表示“吃”、“做”等意思时，则可用强读式[heev]和[heezb9、 therethere[de1[d^r]there在therebeTT的结构中读它的弱读式[跖]；如果there后而接个元音时姻读[跖rL但是，当there用做副词时仍用强读式[Bemb10、 he,his,him,herhe[i]（hi]his[iz][isI her（a]far]ta：1[ha]说明：这儿个词的弱读式通常没有[h]音°所以,/这些词的前面是…个辅音时，便与这辅音连读，例如，tellhim读['teliin]或[telml；当这些词的前而是元音时，[h]音可保留。Her后而接元音时读[&r].His后而接清辅音时可读[is]。11、11、you,me,usyonIj9][jwIme[mi]说明:us的弱读式<ffl[0s]>us（as][sj但在个别字（如let）后读[sl°12、them,himhim[im][him[im][m]说明：这两个词的弱读式多与前面的辅音连读，而失去自己开头的辅音。只有当前面的音是元音时才用自己开头的辅音。句子重音：A） 英语的节奏轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻）或重-轻-（轻轻）重B） 英语句子的长短.•是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的，而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的・C） 实词重读（副词重读），虚词轻读（冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词,助动词，情态动词和系动词be-D）实词不重读的特殊情况a） 实词第二次出现Hethinksofthatasachildthinks-b） 一个名词被第二个名词修饰/metherintherailwaystation-c） 代替词WhichbookdoyouwantThesmallone-d） 感叹词中的what和howWhatagooddayitis!Howbeautifulsheis!e） street在专有名词中WangfujingStreet-f） this在这些短语中,thismorning/afternoon/evening刁虚词重读的特殊情况a） 情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时-DoyoulikeitYes，/do-AreyouadoctorYes，/am-CanyouhelpmeYes，/can-/don'tlikeyou-Heisn'taworker-b） 情态动词表示可能，惊奇和肯定时-Theymaycomethisevening-CanitbefivealreadyHemustbeintheroom-c） 介词在句首和句尾-Inthebox，hefoundaletter-Heistheperson/talkedwith-d） 引导复合句的连词在句首-/fyouwish,/'IIvisityou-Whenhecomes，/'IItellhim-e） 反身代词表示强调-Hecouldn'tcomehimself-英式英语和美式英语的区别（一）单词中字母“r”发音——“卷舌”的标志显而易“听”，卷舌音是美音区别于英音的一大特色。

T冃汪意：A美音中除了Mrs.中的“r”不卷舌之外，只要含有“r”字母的单词均要卷舌。英音美音英音spare /speEr/ /speE/burglar /bErglEr/ /bE:glE/purpose /pErpEs/ /pE:pEs/最典型实例chairman,horse,dirty（二）在美音中/t/发音与/d/相近注意：美音中/t/出现在两个元音之间且处于非重读位置的时候，发音近似/d/，而不是完全等同。我们这里用/d/来表示这个近似音。美音英音city/sidi//siti/better/bedEr//betE/pretty/pridi//priti/最典型实例waiter,waiter,winter,actor,yesterday,chapter（三）听辨美音中的/A/字母a的发音出现在-ss,-st,-th,-ff,-ef,-nce等前面时，美音把a读为/A/can'tlastMaskchanceadvantage美音can'tlastMaskchanceadvantage美音/kAnt//lAst//mAsk//tFAns//EdvAntidV/英音/ka:nt//la:st//ma:sk//tFa:ns//Edva:ntidV/最典型实例answer,advance,after,ask,banana,branch,castle,commander,example,fast,France,glance,glass,half,last,etc.（四）由“hotdog”看字母“o”在美音中的发音字母在美音读为/a/而在英音中读为/R/美音 英音bottle /batl/ /bCtl/popular /papjulE/ /pCpjulE/

/nCk//pClitiFEn/knock/nak/politician/nCk//pClitiFEn/最典型实例odd,lock,pot,sock,watch,fog,nod,solve,rocket,monopoly（垄断），shop,etc.（五）字母u和ew在英音和美音的不同字母u和ew在l,d,n,t之后，美音倾向于读/u/,而英音倾向读/ju/美音英音Due/du://dju:/produce/prEdu:s//prEdju:s/attitude/Atitu:d//Atitju:d/student/stU:dEnt//stjU:dEnt/最典型实例supermarket，virtue，etc.value,opportunity,true,supermarket，virtue，etc.（六）美音单词：发音与拼写一致最典型实例美音英音Clerk/klE:k//kla:k/ceremony/serimEuni//serimEni/Obey/Eubei//Ebei/dormitory/dCrmitCri//dC:mitri/secretary/sekritEri//sekritri/Epoch（新纪元）/epCk//i:pCk/（七）词尾特殊读音-ile在美音中“ilc”读为/l/.在英音中读为/ail/咼级口译听力历年最典型实例美音英音fertile（肥沃）/fE:tl//fE:tailhostile做意）/hastl//hRstaIlmissile（导弹）/missEl//missail/textile（纺织品）/tekstl//tekstail小帖士:除在词汇层面上英式英语和美式英语有发音的不同外，还有语调上的差别。因此,语调的培养也非常重要。英才教育精选适合口语背诵文章LGoingHome回家IfirstheardthisstoryafewyearsagofromagirlIhadmetinNewYork'sGreenwichVillage.Probablythestoryisoneofthosemysteriousbitsoffolklorethatreappeareveryfewyears,tobetoldanewinoneformoranother.However,Istillliketothinkthatitreallydidhappen,somewhere,sometime.TheyweregoingtoFortLauderdale,threeboysandthreegirlsandwhentheyboardedthebus,theywerecarryingsandwichesandwineinpaperbags,dreamingofgoldenbeachesasthegraycoldofNewYorkvanishedbehindthem.AsthebuspassedthroughNewJersey,theybegantonoticeVingo.Hesatinfrontofthem,dressedinaplain,ill-fittingsuit,nevermoving,hisdustyfacemaskinghisage.Hekeptchewingtheinsideofhislipalot,frozenintosomepersonalcocoonofsilence.Deepintothenight,outsideWashington,thebuspulledintoHowardJohnson's,andeverybodygotoffexceptVingo.Hesatrootedinhisseat,andtheyoungpeoplebegantowonderabouthim,tryingtoimaginehislife:perhapshewasaseacaptain,arunawayfromhiswife,anoldsoldiergoinghome.Whentheywentbacktothebus,oneofthegirlssatbesidehimandintroducedherself."We'regoingtoFlorida,"shesaidbrightly."Ihearit'sreallybeautiful.""Itis,“hesaidquietly,asifrememberingsomethinghehadtriedtoforget."Wantsomewine?"shesaid.Hesmiledandtookaswig.Hethankedherandretreatedagainintohissilence.Afterawhile,shewentbacktotheothers,andVingonoddedinsleep.Inthemorning,theyawokeoutsideanotherHowardJohnson's,andthistimeVingowentin.Thegirlinsistedthathejointhem.Heseemedveryshy,andorderedblackcoffeeandsmokednervouslyastheyoungpeoplechatteredaboutsleepingonbeaches.Whentheyreturnedtothebus,thegirlsatwithVingoagain,andafterawhile,slowlyandpainfully,hetoldhisstory.HehadbeeninjailinNewYorkforthepastfouryears,andnowhewasgoinghome."Areyoumarried?""Idon'tknow.""Youdon'tknow?"shesaid.“Well,whenIwasinjailIwrotetomywife,"hesaid.“ItoldherthatIwasgoingtobeawayalongtime,andthatifshecouldn'tstandit,ifthekidskeptaskingquestions,ifithurttoomuch,well,shecouldjustforgetme,I'dunderstand.Getanewguy,Isaidshe‘sawonderfulwoman.Itoldhershedidn'thavetowritemefornothing.Andshedidn‘t,Notforthreeandahalfyears.""Andyou'regoinghomenow,notknowing?""Yeah,"hesaidshyly.“Well,lastweek,whenIwassuretheparolewascomingthrough,Iwroteheragain.WeusedtoliveinBrunswick,andthere'sabigoaktreejustasyoucomeintotown.Itoldherthatifshe'dtakemeback,sheshouldputayellowhandkerchiefonthetree,andI'dgetoffandcomehome.Ifshedidn'twantme,forgetit,nohandkerchief,andI'dgoonthrough.""Wow,"thegirlexclaimed.“Wow."Shetoldtheothers,andsoonallofthemwereinit,caughtupintheapproachofBrunswick,lookingatthepicturesVingoshowedthemofhiswifeandthreechildren.Thewomanwashandsomeinaplainway,thechildrenstillunformedinthemuch-handledsnapshot.Nowtheywere20milesfromBrunswick,andtheyoungpeopletookoverwindowseatsontherightside,waitingfortheapproachofthegreatoaktree.Thebusacquiredadark,hushedmood,fullofthesilenceofabsenceandlostyears.Vingostoppedlooking,tighteninghisfaceintotheex-con'smask,asiffortifyinghimselfagainststillanotherdisappointment.ThenBrunswickwastenmiles,andthenfive.Then,suddenly,alloftheyoungpeoplewereupoutoftheirseats,screamingandshoutingandcrying,doingsmalldancesofjoy.AllexceptVingo.Vingosattherestunned,lookingattheoaktree.Itwascoveredwithyellowhandkerchiefs,20ofthem,and30ofthem,maybehundreds,andatreethatstoodlikeabannerofwelcomebillowinginthewind.Astheyoungpeopleshouted,theoldconroseandmadehiswaytothefrontofthebusandgoinghome.2.人生如河流Whethersixtyorsixteen,thereisineveryhumanbeing'sheartthelureofwonders,theunfailingchildlikeappetiteofwhat'snextandthejoyofthegameofliving.Inthecenterofyourheartandmyheartthereisawirelessstation:solongasitreceivesmessagesofbeauty,hope,cheer,courageandpowerfrommenandfromtheinfinite,solongareyouyoung.Anindividualhumanexistenceshouldbelikeariver一smallatfirst,narrowlycontainedwithinitsbanks,andrushingpassionatelypastbouldersandoverwaterfalls.Graduallytherivergrowswider,thebanksrecede,thewatersflowmorequietly,andintheend,withoutanyvisiblebreak,theybecomemergedinthesea,andpainlesslylosetheirindividualbeing.3.Eyescanspeak-眼睛会说话Muchmeaningcanbeconveyed,clearly,withoureyes,soitisoftensaidthateyescanspeak.Doyouhavesuchkindofexperience?Inabusyoumaylookatstranger,butnottoolong.Andifheissensingthatheisbeingstaredat,hemayfeeluncomfortable.Thesameindailylife.Ifyouarelookedatformorethannecessary,youwilllookatyourselfupanddown,toseeifthereisanythingwrongwithyou.Ifnothinggoeswrong,youwillfeelangrytowardother'sstarewithyouthatway.Eyesdospeak,right?Lookingtoolongatsomeonemayseemtoberudeandaggressive.Butthingsaredifferentwhenitcomestostareattheoppositesex.Ifamanglancesatawomanformorethan10secondsandrefusestoaverthisgaze,hisintentionsareobvious,thatis,hewishestoattractherattention,tomakeherunderstandthatheisadmiringher.However,thenormaleyecontactfortwopeopleengagedinconversationisthatthespeakerwillonlylookatthelistenerfromtimetotime,inordertomakesurethatthelistenerdoespayattentiontowhattheformerisspeaking,totellhimthatheisattentive.Ifaspeakerlooksatyoucontinuouslywhenspeaking,asifhetriestodominateyou,youwillfeeldisconcerted.Apoorliarusuallyexposeshimselfbylookingtoolongatthevictim,sincehebelievesinthefalseideathattolookstraightintheeyeisasignofhonestcommunication.Quitethecontrary.Infact,continuouseyecontactisconfinedtoloversonly,whowillenjoylookingateachothertenderlyforalongtime,toshowaffectionthatwordscannotexpress.Evidently,eyecontactshouldbedoneaccordingtotherelationshipbetweentwopeopleandthespecificsituation.老美常用口头禅、谚语、俗语超经典！[•Absolutely! 毫无疑问！2・Adorable!——可爱极了！3-Amazing! 太神奇了！4・Anytime!——随时吩咐！5-Almost! 差不多了！6・Awful!——好可怕啊！Allowme! 让我来！Ba/oney!——胡扯！荒谬！Bingo! 中了