语法无忧 形容词、副词心中有【思维导图+要点必背】 中考英语能力提升必背清单 （牛津上海版）

专题10语法无忧形容词、副词心中有第六章：副词1.副词的分类及用法2.形容词和副词比较级的构成第六章：副词1.副词的分类及用法2.形容词和副词比较级的构成3.形容词和副词比较级的相关句型1）副词按词汇意义和句法功能可分为方式副词、程度副词、时间副词、频度副词、地点副词、疑问副词、关系副词和连接副词。eg:方式副词：quickly,slowly,warmly等；程度副词：almost,hardly,nearly,greatly等；时间副词：now,today,yesterday等；频度副词：often,always,usually,som-etimes等；地点副词:here,there,anywhere,up,d-ownstairs等；疑问副词：when,where,why,how等；关系副词：when,where,why等；连接副词：however,therefore,besid-es,thus等。2）副词在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词词组，还可以修饰整个句子。eg:Theystudyhard.(修饰动词）Thecarpetisspotlesslyclean.(修饰形容词）Ourfootballteamplayedverywellinthegame.(修饰副词）Somestudentsareallowedtowatc-hTVonlyatweekends.(修饰介词词组）Unluckily,hebrokehisleg.(修饰整个句子）3）副词作状语，在句中的位置比较灵活。可以位于句中，也可以位于句末或位于句首。eg:Shewasoftenlateforschool.ShespeaksEnglishquitefluently.Maybeshewillbelate.1)规则变化2.不规则变化good/well—better—bestmany/much—more—mostill/bad/badly—worse—worstlittle—less—leastfar—farther/further—farthest/furthestold—older/elder—oldest/eldesta.单音节和部分双音节单词，在词尾加-er或-est;以辅音字母结尾的重读、闭音节单词，要双写辅音加-er或-est,eg:fast—faster—fastesthard—harder—hardest(见书本P68)b.部分双音节和所有多音节单词，在前面加more或most,eg:famous—morefamouscareful—morecareful—mostcarefulc.个别单音节单词，在前面加more或most,eg:real—morereal—mostrealtired—moretired—mosttiredd.有些双音节单词，既可在词尾加-er或-est,也可在前面加more或most,eg:often—oftener/moreoften—often-est/mostoftencommon—commoner/morecomm-on—commonest/mostcommonpleasant—pleasanter/morepleasan-t—pleasantest/mostpleasant1)原级比较表示两者相同：as+adj.+as-分句。原级比较表示两者不同：notas(so)+adj./adv.+as-分句。MaryisastallasAlice.Daviddoesn'tstudyas(so)wellasSusan.(=DavidstudiesworsethanSusan.=SusanstudiesbetterthanDavid.2)比较级表示两者不同：more+adj./adv.+than-分句，比较级前可用much,far,alittle,even,still等修饰。JackisheavierthanI.(=I'mlighterthanJack.=I'mlessheavythanJack.=I'mnotasheavyasJack.)3)more...andmore...意为“越来越......”。eg:Thecarwasrunningfasterandfaster.4)Themore...themore...意为“越.......越......”。Thesooner,thebetter.Themoreyoupractise,thebetteryouwillspeakEnglish.5)最高级表示三者以上的比较：（the)most+adj./adv.+in/of+n.。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,副词最高级前可省略定冠词the,最高级常用in或of表示比较范围。eg:Weiweirunsthefastestofthethreeboys.Englishismostwidelyusedintheworld.TheYangtzeRiveristhelongestriverinChina.(=TheYangzeRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina.=NootherriverissolongastheYangtz-eRiverinChina.)长江是中国最长的河流。6）倍数表示法a....twice/...times+as...as表示“是......的几倍”。eg:Thisbuildingistwiceashighasthatone.(=Thisbuildingistwicetheheig-htofthatone.)b....twice/...times+more...than表示“大......几倍”。eg:XinjiangisfifteentimeslargerthanZhejiangProvince.(=Xinjiangissixt-eentimesaslargeasZhejiangPro-vince.)形容词与副词一、形容词形容词的用法1.作定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面，即我们说的形修名。e.g.It’sacoldandwindyday.2.作表语，一般放在系动词之后。系动词1状态系动词be2表象系动词seem3感官系动词look/feel/smell/sound/taste4持续系动词keep/stay5变化系动词become/turn/go/get/grow3.形容词修饰something，anything，nothing，everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。e.g.Wouldyoulikesomethinghottodrink?*拓展：enough修饰形容词时，放在enough前面——adj+enough4.貌似副词的形容词：lonely独自的；friendly友好的；lively生动的；lovely可爱的;likely可能的；ugly丑陋的e.g.Oldpeoplemayfeel___D_____iftheylivealoneforalongtime.A.gentlyB.safelyC.quietlyD.Lonely*注意：likelybelikelytobe/do很有可能……e.g.Theweatherislikelytobefine.A)strangelyB)kinglyC)happilyD)lovely5.作宾补e.g.Hefounditeasytochatwithpeopleonline.*拓展：makesthadj.keepsthadj.6.复合形容词：well-known众所周知的；kind-hearted善良的；man-made人造的；ten-year-old十岁的形容词的句型1.It’s+adj.+ofsb.+todosth.——”某人(做某事)怎么样”。*注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如good，kind，nice，clever，foolish。e.g.It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.=youareverykindtohelpme.你能帮助我，真好。2.It’s+adj.+forsb.+todosth.——“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。*注意：这一句型中常用的形容词,如important,necessary,difficult,easy,dangerous,interesting,possible等。e.g.It’snoteasyforthemtolearnaforeignlanguage.=tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasyforthem.3.甲+be+(倍数)+as+形容词原级+as+乙——“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”e.g.TomisasoldasKate.TomistwiceasoldasKate.4.甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙——甲不如乙…e.g.Thisroomisnotas/sobigasthatone.5.主语+be+adj+介词+其他——形容词和介词的固定搭配e.g.OxfordUniversityispopularwithtourists.I’minterestedinplayingtabletennis.二、副词副词的分类方式副词：well，fast，slowly，carefully，quickly程度副词：very，much，enough，almost，rather，quite地点副词：here，there，out，somewhere，abroad，home，时间副词：today，early，soon，now，then，recently，still频度副词：always，often，usually，sometimes，seldom，never否定副词：no，not，neither，nor，疑问副词：where，how，why其他：also，too，only副词的位置和用法1.副词修饰动词时，通常位于被修饰动词的后面。有时也会挡在动词前面。e.g.Sheisworkinghard.Itcanbeeasilyfound.2.副词修饰形容词时，通常放在该形容词的前面。e.g.Theboyistooyoung.Hecan’tcarrytheheavybox.Heisaveryfunnyboy.3.副词修饰其他副词时，通常放在被修饰副词的前面。e.g.Thegirldancesverywell.4.放在句首，修饰全句。e.g.Luckily,hepassedtheexamatlast.即可作形容词也可作副词：fast，high,deep,straight，hard，late,early,enough.e.g.runfaststraightlinehardworklateAutumnenoughmoneyfastdevelopmentgostraightworkhardgetuplategoodenough三、形容词和副词的原级比较1.甲+谓语动词+as+形容词/副词原级+as+乙+….e.g.Heisasexcitedashisyoungersister.Sherodeherbikeasslowlyasanoldlady.2.甲+谓语动词(否定式)+as/so+形容词/副词原级+as+乙+…..e.g.Heisnotso/asexcitedashisyoungersister.四、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级（一）变法：(1)规则变化1.一般在词尾直接加er或est，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st，nice-nicer-nicest3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est，heavy-heavier-heaviest4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，big-bigger-biggest5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，slowly-moreslowly-mostslowly；beautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautiful(2)不规则变法：原级比较级最高级

good(好的)betterbest

well(健康的)betterbest

bad(坏的)worseworst

ill(有病的)worseworst

old(老的)older/elderoldest/eldest

much/many(多的)moremost

little(少的)lessleast

far(远的)farther/furtherfarthest/furthest*注意：father和further都可以表示时间上、距离上的“更远”，但是表示“更进一步”时只能用further.e.g.Wehadbettergetfurthereducation.（二）比较级的用法(倍数)比较级＋than，表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”eg.TomistallerthanKate.Thisroomistwicelargerthanthatone.=Theroomistwiceaslargeasthatone.有表示程度的副词alittle,abit,alot,much,even,still,far,rather,any等修饰时，用比较级。eg.Itismuchcoolertodaythanbefore.*拓展：只能修饰形容词原级的副词有：so,quite,very,too表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更.....”时，用句型“特殊疑问词+is+形容词比较级，AorB?”eg.Whoistaller,TomorJim?表示“越来越„„”，用比较级重叠结构，“比较级+比较级”；“moreandmore+形容词原级”。eg.It'sgettingwarmerandwarmerinspring.Ourhometownisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful表示“越„„就越„„”时，用“the+比较级1，the+比较级2“结构e.g.Thecoolertheweatheris,thebetterIfeel.（三）最高级的用法…the+最高级+(名词)+表示范围(in/of)的短语或从句e.g.Heisthestrongestofalltheboys.HeisthekindestmanthatIhaveevermet.…thesecond(third…)+最高级+(名词)+表示范围的短语“……是第二(三……)……”e.g.TheChongmingIslandisthethirdbiggestislandinChina.表示“最……之一”时，用“oneof+the+最高级+名词复数”。e.g.Thelightbulbisoneofthemosthelpfulinventions.形容词最高级前可以由物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，此时不用定冠词the。e.g.Yesterdayisherhappiestdayinherlife.特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级,甲，乙，or丙?e.g.whichcountryisthelargest,china,brazilorCanada?1．—It’s________totalkbacktoyourmother,Ben.—Sorry,Dad.Iwon’tdothatagain.A．polite B．impolite C．politely D．impolitely2．ChinaintheClassicsisoneof________TVprogramsinChina.I’velearnedalotfromit.A．moreeducational B．lesseducationalC．themosteducational D．thelesseducational3．It’sreportedthatthedocumentarywillbecovered_________.Itbringsdinosaurs_________onscreen.A．alive;live B．lively;living C．live;alive D．lively;alive4．ThepopulationofChina________over1.4billion.Chinahasabiggerpopulationthan________intheworld.A．is;anycountry B．is;anyothercountryC．are;theothercountries D．are;anyothercountries5．Doyouthinkthenewsmartphonewillbe________toour________life.A．ofagreathelp;everyday B．greathelpful;everydayC．ofmuchhelpful;everyday D．ofgreathelp;everyday6．Theyfeltvery________aftertheywatchedthebasketballmatch.A．exciting B．excited C．excite D．excitement7．Myhouseisnexttoapark.Itisoneof________parksinourcity.A．big B．bigger C．biggest D．thebiggest8．NowadaysCD-ROMorDVD-ROMisn’tas________ascloudstorage.A．popular B．morepopular C．lesspopular D．themostpopular9．It’ssummernow,theweatherisgetting________.A．lowerandlower B．hotterandhotterC．colderandcolder D．higherandhigher10．—ManystudentsthinkEnglishis________math.—Iagree.I’mweakinmath.A．muchdifficultthan B．sodifficultasC．lessdifficultthan D．moredifficultthan11．ALifelongJourneyisanamazingTVplay.It’s________thanIexpected.A．wonderful B．morewonderful C．boring D．moreboring12．—DoyouknowthatthesouthofQingdaoMetroLine1wasputintouseonDecember30th?—Yes,itis________cross-seasubwayinChinaandit’s________forusthanbefore.A．thedeepest;themostconvenient B．thedeeper;convenientC．thedeepest;moreconvenient D．deeper;themostconvenient13．It’sbelievedthat________youpractice,________yourspokenEnglishwillbe.A．themore,better B．themore,thebetterC．more,morebetter D．themore,morebetter14．ThenewgameYanglegeyangis________forustoplay,somanypeopleareinterestedinit.A．boringenough B．enoughboringC．enjoyableenough D．enoughenjoyable15．—I________doubt________parentsarealwaysreadytohelptheirchildren.—Iagree.Parents’lovefortheirchildrenneverchanges.A．never;that B．/;that C．never;whether D．usedto;whether16．Thevolunteerspokeas________asshecouldtomakethevisitorsunderstandher.A．clear B．moreclearly C．clearly D．themostclearly17．Therearealways________interestingstoriesintheseriesthat________manypeoplewatchthem.A．so;so B．so;such C．such;so D．such;such18．—Haveyouevertakenthetramcar(有轨电车)inHuai’an?—________,butit’ssaidthatit’squitecomfortable.A．Always B．Sometimes C．Seldom D．Never19．Riceandwheat_______