网络初级培训01路由器ios基础

路由器基础第一章路由器基础第一章(续)完成本章的学习后,您可以完成下面的任务:登录路由器利用上下文帮助功能完成一个命令的书写编辑一个错误的命令检查路由器状态目标启动路由器路由器的外部配置资源配置文件可以有多种来源Console

端口Auxiliary

端口其它端口虚终端VTY

0

4TFTP

Server网管工作站ConsoleAuxiliaryInterfacesRAMNVRAMFlashROM路由器的内部硬件组成ConsoleAuxiliaryInterfacesRAMNVRAMFlashROM路由器的内部硬件组成(续)系统启动一览系统软件启动系统提供冗余的启动软件检查硬件寻找并下载Cisco

IOS映像文件寻找并应用路由器的配置文件初始化一个路由器POSTRun

RXBootImageCheckConfigRegEnter

ROMMonitor

ModeLoad

IOSSubsetLoad

fromTFTP

ServerLoad

IOSLoad

IOSSubsetLoad

fromROMLoad

fromFlashReadNVRAM初始化一个路由器(续)Can

Ifind

it?Isthere

aconfigurationfile?YesNoTFTPServerYesWhere

isit?LoadconfigurationfileNVRAMLoad

alternateconfigurationfileRunAutoInstallNoSetupMode路由器的各种操作模式Privileged

EXEC

ModeDetailed

examination

of

router.Debugging

and

testing.

Filemanipulation.

Remote

access.Router#User

EXEC

ModeLimited

examination

ofrouter.

Remote

access.Router>用户EXEC

模式只能对路由器进行有限的操作,远程访问也采用此模式Router>特权EXEC

模式可对路由器进行各种操作,高级远程用户也可进入此模式Router#ROM

Monitor

模式当flash中没有操作系统或者启动过程被中断时会进入此模式>

or

rommon>Setup

模式一种一问一答方式的初始配置模式RXBoot

模式当flash中没有IOS时,利用ROM中的IOS子集启动所进入的界面Router<boot>全局配置模式系统整体参数的配置模式Router(config)#其它配置模式其它子配置模式Router(config

-

mode)#路由器的各种操作模式(续)Privileged

EXEC

ModeDetailed

examination

of

router.Debugging

and

testing.

Filemanipulation.

Remote

access.Router#User

EXEC

ModeLimited

examination

ofrouter.

Remote

access.Router>用户EXEC

模式只能对路由器进行有限的操作,远程访问也采用此模式Router>特权EXEC

模式可对路由器进行各种操作,高级远程用户也可进入此模式Router#ROM

Monitor

模式当flash中没有操作系统或者启动过程被中断时会进入此模式>

or

rommon>Setup

模式一种一问一答方式的初始配置模式RXBoot

模式当flash中没有IOS时,利用ROM中的IOS子集启动所进入的界面Router<boot>全局配置模式系统整体参数的配置模式Router(config)#其它配置模式其它子配置模式Router(config

-

mode)#路由器的各种操作模式(续)Privileged

EXEC

ModeDetailed

examination

of

router.Debugging

and

testing.

Filemanipulation.

Remote

access.Router#User

EXEC

ModeLimited

examination

ofrouter.

Remote

access.Router>用户EXEC

模式只能对路由器进行有限的操作,远程访问也采用此模式Router>特权EXEC

模式可对路由器进行各种操作,高级远程用户也可进入此模式Router#ROM

Monitor

模式当flash中没有操作系统或者启动过程被中断时会进入此模式>

or

rommon>Setup

模式一种一问一答方式的初始配置模式RXBoot

模式当flash中没有IOS时,利用ROM中的IOS子集启动所进入的界面Router<boot>全局配置模式系统整体参数的配置模式Router(config)#其它配置模式其它子配置模式Router(config

-

mode)#路由器的各种操作模式(续)Privileged

EXEC

ModeDetailed

examination

of

router.Debugging

and

testing.

Filemanipulation.

Remote

access.Router#User

EXEC

ModeLimited

examination

ofrouter.

Remote

access.Router>用户EXEC

模式只能对路由器进行有限的操作,远程访问也采用此模式Router>特权EXEC

模式可对路由器进行各种操作,高级远程用户也可进入此模式Router#ROM

Monitor

模式当flash中没有操作系统或者启动过程被中断时会进入此模式>

or

rommon>Setup

模式一种一问一答方式的初始配置模式RXBoot

模式当flash中没有IOS时,利用ROM中的IOS子集启动所进入的界面Router<boot>全局配置模式系统整体参数的配置模式Router(config)#其它配置模式其它子配置模式Router(config

-

mode)#路由器的各种操作模式(续)Privileged

EXEC

ModeDetailed

examination

of

router.Debugging

and

testing.

Filemanipulation.

Remote

access.Router#User

EXEC

ModeLimited

examination

ofrouter.

Remote

access.Router>用户EXEC

模式只能对路由器进行有限的操作,远程访问也采用此模式Router>特权EXEC

模式可对路由器进行各种操作,高级远程用户也可进入此模式Router#ROM

Monitor

模式当flash中没有操作系统或者启动过程被中断时会进入此模式>

or

rommon>Setup

模式一种一问一答方式的初始配置模式RXBoot

模式当flash中没有IOS时,利用ROM中的IOS子集启动所进入的界面Router<boot>全局配置模式系统整体参数的配置模式Router(config)#其它配置模式其它子配置模式Router(config

-

mode)#路由器的各种操作模式(续)Privileged

EXEC

ModeDetailed

examination

of

router.Debugging

and

testing.

Filemanipulation.

Remote

access.Router#User

EXEC

ModeLimited

examination

ofrouter.

Remote

access.Router>用户EXEC

模式只能对路由器进行有限的操作,远程访问也采用此模式Router>特权EXEC

模式可对路由器进行各种操作,高级远程用户也可进入此模式Router#ROM

Monitor

模式当flash中没有操作系统或者启动过程被中断时会进入此模式>

or

rommon>Setup

模式一种一问一答方式的初始配置模式RXBoot

模式当flash中没有IOS时,利用ROM中的IOS子集启动所进入的界面Router<boot>全局配置模式系统整体参数的配置模式Router(config)#其它配置模式其它子配置模式Router(config

-

mode)#路由器的用户界面用户界面一览用户模式只能看的模式特权模式可进入命令配置界面如何登录到路由器内部Router>Router>enablePassword:Router#Router#exitRouter>Router>logoutConsoleRouter

con0

is

now

availablePress

RETURN

to

get

started.用户模式提示符特权模式提示符密码的作用ConsoleRouter

con0

is

now

availablePress

RETURN

to

get

started.User

Access

VerificationPassword:Router>Router>enablePassword:Router>?Exec

commands:access-enableatmsigcdclearconnectdirdisabledisconnectenableexithelplatlockloginlogoutmrinfoCreate

a

temporary

Access-List

entryExecute

Atm

Signalling

CommandsChange

current

deviceReset

functionsOpen

a

terminal

connectionList

files

on

given

deviceTurn

off

privileged

commandsDisconnect

an

existing

network

connectionTurn

on

privileged

commandsExit

from

the

EXECDescription

of

the

interactive

help

systemOpen

a

lat

connectionLock

the

terminalLog

in

as

a

particular

userExit

from

the

EXECRequest

neighbor

and

version

information

from

amulticast

router--

More

--用户模式下可以使用的命令Create

a

temporary

Access-List

entryCreate

a

temporary

Access-List

entryFor

manual

emergency

modes

settingReset

functionsManage

the

system

clockEnter

configuration

modeOpen

a

terminal

connectionCopy

configuration

or

image

dataDebugging

functions

(see

also

'undebug')Turn

off

privileged

commandsDisconnect

an

existing

network

connectionTurn

on

privileged

commandsErase

flash

or

configuration

memoryExit

from

the

EXECDescription

of

the

interactive

help

systemOpen

a

lat

connectionLock

the

terminalLog

in

as

a

particular

userExit

from

the

EXECTrace

multicast

route

down

tree

branchRouter#?Exec

commands:access-enableaccess-templatebfeclearclockconfigureconnectcopydebugdisabledisconnectenableeraseexithelplatlockloginlogoutmbranch--More--特权模式下可以使用的命令Router#clokTranslating

"clo"...domain

server

(55)%

Unknown

command

or

computer

name,

or

unable

to

findcomputeraddressRouter#cl?clear

clockRouter#clock

set

19:56:00% plete

command.Router#clock

set

19:56:00

?<1-31> Day

of

the

monthMONTH Month

of

the

yearRouter#clock

set

19:56:00

04

8.

^%

Invalid

input

detected

at

the

'^'

markerRouter#clock

set

19:56:00

04

August% plete

command.Router#clock

set

19:56:00

04

August

?Router#clock% plete

command.Router#clock

?set Set

the

time

and

dateRouter#clock

set% plete

command.Router#clock

set

?Current

Time

(hh:mm:ss)<1993-2035>Year上下文帮助功能符号翻译可简写关键字记忆使用过的命令<Ctrl><P>命令提示功能语法检查功能Router>$

value

for

customers,

employees,

and

partners.<Ctrl><A><Ctrl><E><Esc><B><Ctrl><F><Ctrl><B><Esc><F>Automatic

scrolling

of

long

lines.Move

to

the

beginning

of

the

command

line.Move

to

the

end

of

the

command

line.Move

to

the

beginning

of

the

previous

word.Move

forward

one

character.Move

back

one

character.Move

forward

one

word.IOS提供的其它编辑功能<Ctrl><P>or

Up

arrowLast

(previous)

command

recall<Ctrl><N

>or

Down

arrowMore

recent

command

recall<Tab>Entry

completion历史命令的记忆功能Router#show

historyshow

historyenableterminal

history

size

10terminal

no

editingterminal

editingshow

historyRouter#检查路由器状态察看路由器状态的命令RAMInternetwork

Operating

SystemProgramsTablesandBuffersDynamicConfigurationInformationNVRAMFlashBackupConfigurationFileOperatingSystemsInterfacesRouter#show

interfacesRouter#showmemRouter#show

iprouteRouter#show

flashRouter#show

startup-configRouter#show

running-configRouter#show

processes

CPURouter#show

protocolsRouter#show

versionRouter#show

versionIOS

(tm)

2500

Software

(C2500-JS-L),

Version

11.2

(6),

RELEASE

SOFTWARE

(fc1)Copyright

(c)

1986-1997

by

cisco

Systems,

Inc.Compiled

Tue

06-May-97

16:17

by

kuongImage

text-base:

0x0303ED8C,

data-base:

0x00001000ROM:

System

Bootstrap,

Version

5.2(8a),

RELEASE

SOFTWAREROM:

2500-XBOOT

Bootstrap

Software,

Version

10.1(1),

RELEASE

SOFTWARE

(fc1)router

uptime

is

1

week,

3

days,

32

minutesSystem

restarted

by

reloadSystem

image

file

is

"c2500-js-l",

booted

via

tftp

from

29--More--show

version

命令Using

1108

out

of

130048

bytesRouter#show

startup-config!version

11.2!hostname

router--

More

--show

startup-config

命令和showrunning-config

命令10.2及以前版本使用Usewrite

terminal命令10.2

以后版本使用showconfig命令Building

configuration...Router#show

running-configCurrent

configuration:!version

11.2!--

More

--Router#show

interfacesSerial0

is

up,

line

protocol

is

upHardware

is

MK5025Internet

address

is

29,

subnet

mask

is

28MTU

1500

bytes,

BW

56

Kbit,

DLY

20000

usec,

rely

255/255,

load

9/255Encapsulation

HDLC,

loopback

not

set,

keepalive

set

(10

sec)Last

input

0:00:00,

output

0:00:01,

output

hang

neverLast

clearing

of

"show

interface"

counters

neverOutput

queue

0/40,

0

drops;

input

queue

0/75,

0

dropsFive

minute

input

rate

1000

bits/sec,

0

packets/secFive

minute

output

rate

2000

bits/sec,

0

packets/sec331885

packets

input,