英语六级考试：2019年12月考试真题和答案解析第2套

英语六级考试：2019年12月考试真题和答案解析[第2套]PartⅠWriting(30minutes) Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicTheImpactoftheInternetonInterpersonalCommunication.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.TheImpactoftheInternetonInterpersonalCommunicationPartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart.Youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)、B)、C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.TheThree-YearSolutionHartwickCollege,asmallliberal-artsschoolinupstateNewYork,makesNewYork,makesthisoffertowellpreparedstudents:earnyourundergraduatedegreeinthreeyearsinsteadoffour,andsaveabout543,000—theamountofoneyear’stuitionandfees.Anumberofinnovativecollegesaremakingthesameoffertostudentsanxiousaboutsavingtimeandmoney.That’sbothanopportunityandawarningforthebesthigher-educationsystemintheworld.TheUnitedStateshasalmostalloftheworld’sbestuniversities.ArecentChinesesurveyranks35Americanuniversitiesamongthetop50,eightamongthetop10.OurresearchuniversitieshavebeenthekeytodevelopingthecompetitiveadvantagesthathelpAmericansproduce25%ofalltheworld’swealth.In2007,623,805oftheworld’sbrighteststudentswereattractedtoAmericanuniversities.Yet,therearesignsofperil(危险)withinAmericanhighereducation.U.S.collegeshavetocompeteinthemarketplace.Studentsmaychooseamong6,000public,private,nonprofit,forprofit,orreligiousinstitutionsofhigherlearning.Inaddition,almostallofthe532billionthefederalgovernmentprovidesforuniversityresearchisawardedcompetitively.Butmanycollegesanduniversitiesarestuckinthepast.Forinstance,theideaofthefall-to-spring“schoolyear”hasn’tchangedmuchsincebeforetheAmericanRevolution,whenwewereasummerstretchnolongermakessense.FormerGeorgeWashingtonUniversitypresidentStephenTrachtenbergestimatesthatatypicalcollegeusesitsfacilitiesforacademicpurposesalittlemorethanhalfthecalendaryear.“Whilecollegefacilitiessitidle,theycontinuetogeneratemaintenanceexpensesthatcontributetothehighcostofrunningacollege,”hehaswritten.Withinacademicdepartments,tenure(终身职位)，combinedwithage-discriminationlaws,makesfacultyturnover—criticalforauniversitytoremaincurrentinchangingtimes—difficult.Insteadofprotectingspeechandencouragingdiversityandinnovativethinking,thetenuresystemoftenstifles(压制)them:youngerprofessorsmustwintheapprovalofestablishedcolleaguesfortenure,encouraginglike-mindednessandsometimesinhibitingthefreeflowofideas.Meanwhile,tuitionhassoared,leavinggraduatingstudentswithunprecedentedloandebt.Strongcampuspresidentstomanagetheseproblemsarebecominghardertofind,andtokeep.Infact,studentsnowstayoncampusalmostaslongastheirpresidents.Theaverageamountoftimestudentsnowtaketocompleteanundergraduatedegreehasstretchedtosixyearsandsevenmonthsasstudentsinterruptedbywork,inconveniencedbyunavailableclasses,orluredbyonemorefootballseasonfindithardtograduate.CongresshastriedtohelpstudentswithcollegecoststhroughPellGrantsandotherformsoftuitionsupport.Butsomeoftheirfixeshavemadetheproblemworse.ThestackofcongressionalregulationsgoverningfederalstudentgrantsandloansnowstandstwiceastallasIdo.Fillingouttheseformsconsumes7%ofeverytuitiondollar.Forallofthesereasons,somecollegeslikeHartwickarerethinkingtheoldwayofdoingthingsandquestioningdecades-oldassumptionsaboutwhatacollegedegreemeans.Forinstance,whydoesithavetotakefouryearstoearnadiploma?Thisfall,16first-yearstudentsandfoursecond-yearstudentsatHartwickenrolledintheschool’snewthreeyeardegreeprogram.Accordingtothecollege,theplanisdesignedforhigh-ability,highlymotivatedstudentwhowishtosavemoneyortomovealongmorerapidlytowardadvanceddegrees.Byeliminatingthatextrayear,thereyeardegreestudentssave25%incosts.Insteadoftaking30creditsayear,thesestudentstake40.DuringJanuary,Hartwickrunsafourweekcourseduringwhichstudentsmayearnthreetofourcreditsonoroffcampus,includinganumberofinternationalsites.Summercoursesarenotrequired,butastudentmayenrollinthem—andpayextra.Threeyearstudentsgetfirstcrackatcourseregistration.Therearenochangesinthenumberofcoursesprofessorsteachorintheirpay.Thethree-yeardegreeisn’tanewidea.Geniuseshavealwaysbreezedthrough.JudsonCollege,a350-studentinstitutioninAlabama,hasofferedstudentsathree-yearoptionfor40years.Studentsattend“shortterms”inMayandJunetoearnthecreditsrequiredforgraduation.BatesCollegeinMaineandBallStateUniversityinIndianaareamongothercollegesofferingthree-yearoptions.Changesatthehigh-schoollevelarealsohelpingtomakeiteasierformanystudentstoearntheirundergraduatedegreesinlesstime.OneoffivestudentsarrivesatcollegetodaywithAdvancedPlacement(AP)creditsamountingtoasemesterormoreofcollegelevelwork.Manyuniversities,includinglargeschoolsliketheUniversityofTexas,makeiteasyfortheseAPstudentstograduatefaster.Forstudentswhodon’tplantostopwithanundergraduatedegree,thethree-yearplanmayhaveanevengreaterappeal.Dr.JohnSergent,headofVanderbiltUniversityMedicalSchool’sresidency(住院医生)program,enrolledinVanderbilt’sundergraduatecollegein1959.Heenteredmedicalschoolafteronlythreeyearsasdidfourorfiveofhisclassmates.”Myfirstyearofmedicalschoolcountedasmysenioryear,whichmeantIhadtotakethreetofourlabsaweektogetallmysciencesin.Ibasicallyskippedmysenioryear,”saysSergent.Hestillhadtimetobeastudentsenatorandmeethiswife.Thereare,however,drawbackstomovingthroughschoolatsuchabriskpace.Forone,itdeprivesstudentsoftheluxuryoftimetoroam(遨游)intellectually.Compressingeverythingintothreeyearsalsoleaveslesstimeforgrowingup,engaginginextracurricularactivities,andstudyingabroad.Oncrowdedcampusesitcouldmeanfeweropportunitiestogetintoaprizedprofessor’sclass.Iowa’sWaldorfCollegehasgraduatedseveralhundredstudentsinitsthree-yeardegreeprogram,butitnowphasingouttheoption.MostWaldorfstudentswantedthefullfour-yearexperience—academically,socially,andathletically.Andfacultymemberswillbewaryofanychangethatthreatensthecorecurriculuminthenameofmovingstudentsintotheworkforce.“Mosthighgovernmentalofficialsseemtoconceiveofeducationinthislight—asawaytoensureeconomiccompetitivenessandcontinuedeconomicgrowth,”DerekBok,formerpresidentofHarvard,toldTheWashingtonPost.“Istronglydisagreewiththisapproach.”Anotherrisk:thenewcampusschedulesmighteventuallyproducelessrevenuefortheinstitutionandlongerworkinghoursforfacultymembers.Adoptingathree-yearoptionwillnotcomeeasilytomostschool.ThosethatwishtotackletraditionandmakeAmericancampusmorecost-consciousmayfinditeasiertotakeTrachtenberg’sadvice:opencampusesyear-round.“Youcouldruntwocompletecolleges,withtwocompletefaculties,”hesays.“That’swithoutcuttingthelengthofstudents’vacations,increasingclasssizes,orrequiringfacultytoteachmore.”Whethertheyexperimentwiththree-yeardegrees,offeryear-roundclasses,challengethetenuresystem—oralloftheabove—universitiesareslowlyrealizingthattostaycompetitiveandrelevanttheymustadapttoarapidlychangingworld.Expandingthethree-yearoptionmaybedifficult,butitmaybelessdifficultthanaskingCongressforadditionalfinancialhelp,askinglegislatorsformorestatesupport,oraskingstudentsevenhighertuitionpayments.Campuseswillingtoadoptconvenientschedulesalongwithmorefocused,less-expensivedegreesmayfindthattheyhaveacompetitiveadvantageinattractingbright,motivatedstudents.ThesesortsofinnovationscanhelpAmericanuniversitiesavoidtheperilsofsuccess.1.WhydidHartwickCollegestartthree-yeardegreeprograms?A)Tocreatechancesforthepoor.C)Toenrollmorestudents.B)Tocutstudents’expenses.D)Tosolveitsfinancialproblems.2.ByquotingStephenTrachtenbergtheauthorwantstosaythat.A)AmericanuniversitiesareresistanttochangeB)thesummervacationcontributestostudentgrowthC)collegefacilitiescouldbeputtomoreeffectiveuseD)thecostsofrunningauniversityaresoaring3.TheauthorthinksthetenuresysteminAmericanuniversities.A)suppressescreativethinkingC)guaranteesacademicfreedomB)createsconflictsamongcolleaguesD)isasignofagediscrimination4.Whatissaidaboutthenewthree-yeardegreeprogramatHartwick?A)Itsstudentshavetoearnmorecreditseachyear.B)Non-creditcoursesareeliminatedaltogether.C)Itsfacultymembersteachmorehoursaweek.D)Somesummercoursesareofferedfreeofcharge.5.WhatdowelearnaboutJudsonCollege’sthree-yeardegreeprogram?A)Ithasbeenrunningforseveraldecades.B)Itisopentothebrighteststudentsonly.C)Itisthemostsuccessfulinthecountry.D)Ithasmanypracticalcoursesonoffer.6.Whatchangesinhighschoolshelpstudentsearnundergraduatedegreesinthreeyears?A)Curriculumshavebeenadaptedtostudents’needs.B)MorestudentshaveAdvancedPlacementcredits.C)Moreelectivecoursesareofferedinhighschool.D)Theoverallqualityofeducationbasimproved.7.Whatissaidtobeadrawbackofthethree-yearcollegeprogram?A)Studentshavetocopewithtooheavyaworkload.B)Studentsdon’thavemuchtimetoroamintellectually.C)Studentshavelittletimetogainpracticalexperience.D)Studentsdon’thaveprizedprofessorstoteachthem.8.Collegefacultymembersareafraidthatthepretextofmovingstudentsintotheworkforcemightposeathreatto.9.Universitiesareincreasinglyawarethattheymustadapttoarapidlychangingworldinorderto.10.Convenientacademicscheduleswithmore-focused,less-expensivedegreeswillbemoreattractiveto.SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.11.A)TheseriousaccidentmayleaveAnnaparalyzed.B)ThemanhappenedtoseeAnnafallonherback.C)TheinjurywillconfineAnnatobedforquiteawhile.D)Thedoctor’stherapyhasbeenverysuccessful.12.A)Themancouldwatchtheballetwithher.B)Shehappenedtohaveboughttwotickets.C)Shecangetaballetticketfortheman.D)Herscheduleconflictswithhersister’s.13.A)Hewillsendsomeonerightaway.B)Hehastodootherrepairsfirst.C)Thewomancancalllaterthatday.D)Thewomancantrytofixitherself.14.A)Takeupcollectionnextweek.B)Givehiscontributionsometimelater.C)BuyanexpensivegiftforGemma.D)Borrowsomemoneyfromthewoman.15.A)Declinetheinvitationasearlyaspossible.B)AskTonytoconveythankstohismother.C)TellTony’smotherthatsheeatsnomeat.D)Addmorefruitsandvegetablestoherdiet.16.A)Theincreasingcrimerate.B)Theimpactofmassmedia.C)Thecirculationofnewspapers.D)Thecoverageofnewspapers.17.A)Limitthenumberofparticipantsintheconference.B)Checkthenumberofpeoplewhohaveregistered.C)Providepeoplewithadviceoncareerdevelopment.D)Movetheconferencetoamorespaciousplace.18.A)Theapartmentisstillavailable.B)Theapartmentisclosetothecampus.C)Theadvertisementisoutdated.D)On-campushousingishardtosecure.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Totesthowresponsivedolphinsaretovarioussignals.B)Tofindoutifthefemaledolphinisclevererthanthemaleone.C)Toseeifdolphinscanlearntocommunicatewitheachother.D)Toexaminehowlongittakesdolphinstoacquireaskill.20.A)Producetheappropriatesound.B)Presstheright-handleverfirst.C)Raisetheirheadsabovethewater.D)Swimstraightintothesametank.21.A)Onlyonedolphinwasabletoseethelight.B)Themaledolphinreceivedmorerewards.C)Bothdolphinswereputinthesametank.D)Theleverwasbeyondthedolphins’reach.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.A)Inabotanicalgarden.B)Inalectureroom.C)Inaresorttown.D)Onacattlefarm.23.A)Itisanidealplaceforpeopletoretireto.B)Itisatthecentreofthefashionindustry.C)Itremainsveryattractivewithitsmineralwaters.D)IthaskeptmanytraditionsfromVictoriantimes.24.A)Itwasnamedafteralandownerintheolddays.B)ItislocatedintheeasternpartofHarrogate.C)Itisprotectedasparklandbyaspeciallaw.D)Itwillbeusedasacentreforathletictraining.25.A)Thebeautifulflowers.B)Therefreshingair.C)Themineralwaters.D)Thevastgrassland.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageoneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.27.A)Studentswhoscoredlowstandardizedtests.B)Blackfreshmenwithhighstandardizedtestscores.C)Studentswhoareaccustomedtolivingindorms.D)Blackstudentsfromfamilieswithlowincomes.28.A)Theyatthecollegedormsattheendofthesemester.B)Theywereoftheuniversity’shousingpolicy.C)Theygenerallyspendmoretimetogetherthatwhitepairs.D)Theybrokeupmoreoftenthansame-raceroommates.29.A)Theirracialattitudesimproved.B)Theirtestscoresrosegradually.C)Theygrewboredofeachother.D)Theystarteddoingsimilaractivities.PassagetwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Itwillbecomepopulargradually.B)Itwillchangetheconceptoffood.C)Ithasattractedworldwideattention.D)Itcanhelpsolveglobalfloodcrises.31.A)Ithasbeenincreasedovertheyears.B)IthasbeendrasticallycutbyNASA.C)Itisstillfarfrombeingsufficient.D)Itcomesregularlyfromitsdonors.32.A)Theyarelesshealthythanweexpected.B)Theyarenotasexpensiveasbelieve.C)Theyaremorenutritiousanddelicious.D)Theyarenotasnaturalaswebelieved.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Hehasbettermemoriesofchildhood.B)Hewasaccusedoffamilyviolence.C)Heisahabitualcriminal.D)Hewaswronglyimprisoned.34.A)Thejury’sprejudiceagainsthisrace.B)Theevidencefoundatthecrimescene.C)Thetwovictims’identification.D)Thetestimonyofhistwofriends.35.A)TheUSjudicialsystemhasmuchroomforimprovement.B)Frightenedvictimscanrarelymakecorrectidentification.C)Eyewitnessesareoftenmisledbythelayer’squestions.D)Manyfactorsinfluencetheaccuracyofwitnesstestimony.SECTIONBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumbered44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.About700,000childreninMexicodroppedoutofschoollastyearasrecession-strickenfamiliespushedkidstowork,andaweakeconomicrecoverywillallowonlya(36)_________improvementinthedrop-outratein2010,atopeducation(37)_________said.Mexico’seconomysufferedmorethananyotherinLatinAmericalastyear,(38)_________anestimated7percentduetoa(39)_________inU.S.demandforMexicanexportssuchascars.The(40)_________ledtoa4percentincreaseinthenumberofkidswholeft(41)_________ormiddleschoolin2009,saidJuandeDiosCastro,who(42)_________thenation’sadulteducationprogramandkeepsaclosewatchondrop-outrates.“(43)_________roseandthatisafactorthatmakesourjobmoredifficult.”CastrotoldReutersinaninterviewearlierthismonth.(44)_____________________________.Asaresult,drop-outrateswillnotimprovemuch,Castrosaid.“Therewillbesomeimprovement,butnotsignificant,”Castrosaid.(45)____________________________.Andchildrenoftensellcandyandcraftsinthestreetsorwordinrestaurants.(46)____________________________.Mexico’spoliticianshaveresistedmendingthecountry’stax,energyandlaborlawsfordecades,leavingitseconomybehindcountriessuchasBrazilandChile.PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Infaceofglobalwarming,muchefforthasbeenfocusedonreducinggreenhousegasemissionsthroughavarietyofstrategies.Butwhilemuchoftheresearchandinnovationhasconcentratedonfindingless-pollutingenergyalternatives,itmaybedecadesbeforecleantechnologieslikewindandsolarmeetasignificantportionofourenergyneeds.Inthemeantime,theamountofCO2intheairisrapidlyapproachingthelimitsproposedbytheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC).“Aslongaswe’reconsumingfossilfuels,we’reputtingoutCO2,”saysKlausLackner,ageophysicistatColumbia,University”WecannotlettheCO2intheatmosphereriseindefinitely.”ThatsenseofurgencyhasincreasedinterestincapturingandstoringCO2,whichtheIPCCsayscouldprovidethemorethan50%reductioninemissionsthoughtneededtoreduceglobalwarming.“Weseethepotentialforcaptureandstoragetoplayanintegralroleinreducingemissions,”saysKimCorley,Shell’ssenioradvisorofCO2andenvironmentalaffairs.Thatforwardthinkingstrategyisgainingsupport.TheU.S.DepartmentofEnergyrecentlyproposedputting$1billionintoanew$2.4billioncoal-burningenergyplant.Theplant’scarbon-capturetechnologieswouldserveasapilotprojectforothernewcoal-burningplants.Butwhatdoyoudowiththegasonceyou’vecapturedit?Oneoptionistoputittonewuses.DakotaGasificationofNorthDakotacapturesCO2ataplantthatconvertscoalintosyntheticnaturalgas.Itthenshipsthegas200milesbypipelinetoCanada,whereitispumpedundergroundinoilrecoveryoperations.IntheNetherlands,ShelldeliversCO2tofarmerswhopipeitintotheirgreenhouses,increasingtheiryieldoffruitsandvegetables.However,scientistssaythatthescaleofCO2emissionswillrequirevastamountsoflong-termstorage.SomeproposestoringtheCO2incoalminesorliquidstorageintheocean,ShellfavorsstoringCO2indeepgeologicalstructuressuchassaline(盐的)formationsandexhaustedoilandgasfieldsthatexistthroughouttheworld.47.Whataresuggestedasrenewableandless-pollutingenergyalternatives?48.WhatdoestheauthorsayisaforwardthinkingstrategyconcerningthereductionofCO2emissions?49.OnewayofhandingthecapturedCO2assuggestedbytheauthoristostoreitand.50.ThroughusingCO2,Dutchfarmershavebeenableto.51.Long-termstorageofCO2isnoeasyjobbecauseof.SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Asanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-settinggenerallyproducesthebestresults.That'spartiallybecauseitappearspeoplewhosetrealisticgoalsactuallyworkmoreefficiently,andexertmoreeffort,toachievethosegoals.What'sfarlessunderstoodbyscientists,however,arethepotentiallyharmfuleffectsofgoal-setting.Newspapersrelaydailyaccountsofgoal-settingprevalentinindustriesandbusinessesupanddownbothWallStreetandMainStreet,yettherehasbeensurprisinglylittleresearchonhowthelong-trumpetedpracticeofsettinggoalsmayhavecontributedtothecurrenteconomiccrisis,andunethical(不道德的)behavioringeneral.“Goalsarewidelyusedandpromotedashavingreallybeneficialeffects.Andyet,thesamemotivationthatcanpushpeopletoexertmoreeffortinaconstructivewaycouldalsomotivatepeopletobemorelikelytoengageinunethicalbehaviors,”saysMauriceSchweitzer,anassociateprofessoratPenn’sWhartonSchool.“Itturnsoutthere’snoeconomicbenefittojusthavingagoalyoujustgetapsychologicalbenefit”Schweitzersays.“Butinmanycases,goalshaveeconomicrewardsthatmakethemmorepowerful.”AprimeexampleSchweitzerandhiscolleaguesciteisthe2004collapseofenergy-tradinggiantEnron,wheremanagersusedfinancialincentivestomotivatesalesmentomeetspecificrevenuegoals.Theproblem,Schweitzersays,istheactualtradeswerenotprofitable.Otherstudieshaveshownthatsaddlingemployeeswithunrealisticgoalscancompelthemtolie,cheatorsteal.Suchwasthecaseintheearly1990swhenSearsimposedasalesquotaonitsautorepairstaff.Itpromptedemployeestooverchargeforworkandtocompleteunnecessaryrepairsonacompanywidebasis.Schweitzerconcedeshisresearchrunscountertoaverylargebodyofliteraturethatcommendsthemanybenefitsofgoal-setting.Advocatesofthepracticehavetakenissuewithhisteam’suseofsuchevidenceasnewsaccountstosupporthisconclusionthatgoal-settingiswidelyover-prescribedInarebuttal(反驳)paper,Dr.EdwinLockewrites:“Goal-settingisnotgoingaway.Organizationscannotthrivewithoutbeingfocusedontheirdesiredendresultsanymorethananindividualcanthrivewithoutgoalstoprovideasenseofpurpose.”ButSchweitzercontendsthe“mountingcausalevidence”linkinggoal-settingandharmfulbehaviorshouldbestudiedtohelpspotlightissuesthatmeritcautionandfurtherinvestigation.“Evenafewnegativeeffectscouldbesolargethattheyoutweighmanypositiveeffects,”hesays.“Goal-settingdoeshelpcoordinateandmotivatepeople.Myideawouldbetocombinethatwithcarefuloversight,astrongorganizationalculture,andmakesurethegoalsthatyouusearegoingtobeconstructiveandnotsignificantlyharmtheorganization,”Schweitzersays.52.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyaboutgoal-setting?A)Itsnegativeeffectshavelongbeenneglected.B)Thegoalincreasepeople’sworkefficiency.C)Itsrolehasbeenlargelyunderestimated.D)Thegoalsmostpeoplesetareunrealistic.53.WhatdoesMauriceSchweitzerwanttoshowbycitingtheexampleofEnron?A)Settingrealisticgoalscanturnafailingbusinessintosuccess.B)Businessesarelesslikelytosucceedwithoutsettingrealisticgoals.C)Financialincentivesensurecompaniesmeetspecificrevenuegoals.D)Goalswithfinancialrewardshavestrongmotivationalpower.54.HowdidSears’goal-settingaffectitsemployees?A)Theywereobligedtoworkmorehourstoincreasetheirsales.B)Theycompetedwithoneanothertoattractmorecustomers.C)Theyresortedtounethicalpracticetomeettheirsalesquota.D)Theyimprovedtheircustomerserviceonacompanywidebasis.55.Whatdoadvocatesofgoal-settingthinkofSchweitzer’sresearch?A)Itsfindingsarenotofmuchpracticalvalue.B)Itexaggeratesthesideeffectsofgoal-setting.C)Itsconclusionisnotbasedonsolidscientificevidence.D)Itrunscountertotheexistingliteratureonthesubject.56.WhatisSchweitzer’scontentionagainstEdwinLocke?A)Thelinkbetweengoal-settingandharmfulbehaviordeservesfurtherstudy.B)Goal-settinghasbecometoodeep-rootedincorporateculture.C)Thepositiveeffectsofgoal-settingoutweighitsnegativeeffects.D)Studyinggoal-settingcanthrowmorelightonsuccessfulbusinesspractices.PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Formostofthe20thcentury,Asiaaskeditselfwhatitcouldlearnfromthemodern,innovatingWest.Nowthequestionmustbereversed.WhatcantheWest’soverlyindebtedandsluggish(经济滞长的)nationslearnfromaflourishingAsia?Justafewdecadesago,Asia’stwogiantswerestagnating(停滞不前)underfaultyeconomicideologies.However,onceChinabeganembracingfree-marketreformsinthe1980s,followedbyIndiainthe1990s,bothcountriesachievedrapidgrowth.Crucially,astheyopeneduptheirmarkets,theybalancedmarketeconomywithsensiblegovernmentdirection.AstheIndianeconomistAmartyaSenhaswiselysaid,“Theinvisiblehandofthemarkethasoftenreliedheavilyonthevisiblehandofgovernment.”ContrastthismiddlepathwithAmericaandEurope,whichhaveeachgoneideologicallyover-boardintheirownways.Sincethe1980s,AmericahasbeenincreasinglyclingingtotheideologyofuncontrolledfreemarketsanddismissingtheroleofgovernmentfollowingRonaldRegan’sideathat“governmentisnotthesolutiontoourproblem;governmentistheproblem.“Ofcourse,whenthemarketscamecrashingdownin2007,itwasdecisivegovernmentinterventionthatsavedtheday.Despitethisfact,manyAmericansarestillstronglyopposedto“biggovernment.”IfAmericanscouldonlyfreethemselvesfromtheirantigovernmentdoctri