英语国家概况

关于英语国家概况第1页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三ContentsGeography1Climate3NaturalResources4People5MajorCities2第2页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三

Watchthefollowingmapcarefullyandfindcluestothefollowingitemslocation(borderingneighbors)States(thesmallest&thelargeststate)第3页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三第4页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三第5页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三第6页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三SizeandLocationInthecentralpartofNorthAmerica(exceptAlaskaandHawaii)CanadaonthenorthMexicoandtheGulfofMexicoonthesouthAtlanticOceanontheeastPacificOceanonthewesttotalarea—9.5millionsquarekilometers;Thewholecountryincludes50statesandafederaldistrict,theDistrictofColumbia—theseatoftheFederalGovernment.

第7页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三States

original48statesAlaskaandHawaiibecamethe49thin1867and50thstatesin1959.AlaskabordersonnorthwesternCanadaHawaiiliesinthecentralPacificOceanAlaska—thelargest(1717,854sqkm)RhodeIsland—thesmallestTexas—thelargestonthemainland(695,621sqkm)第8页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三1.ThreeGeographicalDivisionsGeographicalDivisionsCentralpartEasternpartWesternpart第9页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三TheEasternPartTheeasternpart—thehighlandsformedbytheAppalachianRange(阿巴拉挈亚山系).onesixthofthenationalterritoryrelativelylow,withanaveragealtitudeof800metersabovesealevel第10页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三TheWesternPartHighplateaus(高原)andmountains—formedbytheGreatCordilleraRange（科迪勒拉山系）,extendingfromCanadathroughthewesternpartoftheUnitedStatestoMexicoandfurthersouth.Onethirdofthecountry’sterritoryRockymountainswithanaveragealtitudeofmorethan3000metersabovesealevels.第11页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三TheGreatCentralPlain（中部大平原）BetweentheAppalachiansintheeastandtheRockyMountainsinthewesthalfofAmerica’slandmassonthecontinentstretchfromtheGreatLakesinthenorthtotheGulfofMexicointhesouthfivegreatlakesandNiagaraFalls第12页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三第13页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三ThefiveGreatLakes:LakeSuperior,LakeMichigan,LakeHuron,LakeErie,LakeOntario.LakeSuperior:thelargestfreshwaterlakeofitskindLakeMichigan:whollywithinUnitedStatesNiagaraFalls(尼亚加拉大瀑布)第14页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三NiagaraFalls--locatedontheU.S.–CanadianborderbetweenLakeErieandLakeOntario.

第15页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三NiagaraFalls第16页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三2.MainGeographicalRegions

NewEnglandRegion(新英格兰地区)TheMid-AtlanticStatesRegion（大西洋中部地区）TheSouthRegion（南部地区）TheMidwestRegion（中西部地区）TheWestRegion（西部地区）TheRegionoftheGreatPlains(大平原地区)Alaska(阿拉斯加地区)Hawaii(夏威夷地区)第17页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三NewEnglandincludingsixstatesinthenortheasterncornerfeaturedwithmountains,valleysandriversMassachusetts:thelargestpopulationRhodeIsland:thesmallestinsize,themostdenselypopulatedstateNotafarmingarea,poorsoilEarliestsettlers:EnglishProtestants第18页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三NewENGLAND

第19页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三TheMiddleAtlanticRegionSixstates↗north:NewEngland↘south:thesouthregionImportant:a.¼populationb.1/3productsMarkedbyitsindustry,“IndustrialNortheast”,manylargefactoriesRichinmineralsgoodsoil+temperateclimate=agricultureisimportantManyimportantcities:NewYork,Philadelphia第20页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三TheSouthRegion

alargesectionofUS,including11states

favorableclimate→agriculture,greatprofitsbyraisingandsellingcottonandtobaccoThenorth:industrial(工业的)thesouth:agrarian(农业的，土地的)greatsizewithfewlargecitiesNewOrleansMiamiAtlantaBirmingham第21页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三AmericanSouthernArea第22页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三TheMidwestRegionIncludes8statesFertilesoil→abundantcrops→knownasthecountry’s“breadbasket”Center:Chicago,Illinois,thethirdlargestcitySearsTower:at443meters,oneofworld’stallestbuildings第23页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三TheRegionoftheGreatPlainsInclude6statesMarkedbya.thesmallestpopulationb.fewlargecitiesc.vastnessofflatlandd.poorsoile.littlerainsinmanypartsIndiansarenativeshere.1/5ofthecountry’sIndiansarenowlivinginthestateofOklahoma.第24页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三TheWestRegionOccupyavastarea,including11statesTheareaoftheRockyMountains+allterritorywesttotheRockyMountainsasfarastothePacificOceanMountainousarea:muchoftheland,cannotbecultivated↗toohighandmountainous↘toolowanddryCaliforniadominatesthewholeregionPrinciplecities:SanFrancisco,LosAngelesandSeattle第25页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三Oregon&California第26页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三AlaskaInthenorthwesternpartofNorthAmericaAsaworldofglaciers(冰河),waterfallsandlakesFishingisthechiefeconomymainagricultureoutput—seafoodindustrialoutputs—crudepetroleum(原油),naturalgas,preciousmetals,seafoodprocessing,timber,andtourism,etc.第27页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三Alaska第28页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三HawaiiTheclimatehereiscomfortableandthetemperatureusuallyremainsclosetotheaverageof24degreescentigradeHonolulu(火奴鲁鲁，檀香山):thecapital,thelargestcityofthesatePearlHarbortouristbusiness—largestsourceofincome第29页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三HawaiiHawaiiDance第30页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三第31页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三3.RiversandLakesInthesystemofGulf:TheMississippiRiverthelongestandthemostimportantriverinthesystemoftheGulf(墨西哥湾水系).第32页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三Knownasthe“fatherofwaters”toAmericanIndiansAsMarkTwainwasraisedontheriver,hismostpopularandimportantwritingsareconcernedwiththisarea．TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn

（《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》）tellsthestoryofhowtheboyHuckleberryFinnandhisblackfriendJim,arunawayslave,saileddowntheMississippionaraft.第33页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三InthesystemofthePacific:theColumbiaRiverandtheColoradoRiverInthesystemoftheAtlantica.ThePotomacRiver(波托马克河)flowthroughthecapital,Washington

b.TheHudsonRiver

(哈得孙河)linkedbycanalswiththefiveGreatLakesflowsthroughthestateofNewYork第34页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三ClimateMajority:

temperateSome:

subtropicalzonesOnlyFloridaandHawaii:tropical50centimeterrainfalllineintheeast—comparativelymorerains,soeasyagriculture;inthewest—muchlessrain(lessthan50cm.ayear)withtheexceptionofthecoastalareasalongthePacific.第35页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三NaturalResourcesrichinmineralresources

amongthecountrieswiththegreatestreservesofcoal,ironoreandoil.aboundsinlead,copper,zinc,aluminum,rock,silver,andgold.onefourthoftheterritory—coveredwithforestswhichmainlyconcentrateuponthreeareas:theareaalongthenorthwesterncoastofthePacifictheareainthesouththeareainthenorth第36页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三MajorCities

WhentalkingaboutAmerica,isthereanycitythatyouarefamiliarwith?Andwhy?第37页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三Tips:

NewYork—commercialandfinancialcenteroftheUnitedStatesWashingtonD.C.—seatofthefederalgovernmentLosAngles—secondlargestcityChicago—thewindycitySeattle;Philadelphia;SanFrancisco;etc.

第38页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三1.NewYork

LocatedinNewYorkState,isthelargestcityandthechiefportoftheUnitedStates.Fiveboroughs—Manhattan(曼哈顿),Brooklyn(布鲁克林),Bronx(布朗克斯),Richmond(里士满)andQueens(昆斯).theheadquarteroftheUnitedNationsBecameanimportantcityearlyinthelastcentury.AlargeportionofthenationalexportspassedthroughNewYorkharbor.NewYorkhasbecomeoneoftheworld’sbusiestportsandalsothefinancial,manufacturing,andtravelcenterofthecountry.

第39页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三第40页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三1.1WallStreetAmerica’sfinancialcenterTheworldfamousNewYorkStockExchange(纽约证券交易所)isacrossthestreetThesymbolofAmericanmonopolycapitalism.第41页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三1.2WorldTradeCenterThetallestbuildingintheU.S.andtheworldcomposedoftwobuildings,twinstructures,eachrising110storiesabovethecity’sstreets&collapsedinSeptember,11,2001.第42页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三1.3BroadwayBroadwayisanavenueinManhattanasymboloftheNewYorktheatressurroundedbyplayhouses,first-runmovies,nightclubs,hotelsandshops.第43页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三1.4StatueofLibertyahugesculpturelocatedonLibertyIslandinNewYorkHarboragiftfromFranceonthecentenaryofAmericanIndependenceFormalname:“LibertyEnlighteningtheWorld”(照耀世界的自由女神)第44页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三Itpicturesawomanwhohasescapingthechainsoftyranny(thebrokenchainslieatherfeet).Liberty'srighthandholdsatorchthatisasymbolofliberty.LibertywasdesignedbytheFrenchsculptorFredericAugusteBartholdi.Thestatuewasre-assembledintheUSAandwascompletedonOctober28,1886.ThesevenraysofLiberty'scrownsymbolizethesevencontinentsoftheworld.Libertyholdsatabletinherlefthandthatreads"July4,1776"(inRomannumerals),IndependenceDayoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.

第45页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三第46页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三2.WashingtonD.C.LocatedonthePotomacRiver(波托马克河)governeddirectlybytheFederalgovernment.DistrictofColumbia—namedafterChristopherColumbuscity—namedafterGeorgeWashington,thefirstpresidentofU.S.

第47页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三WashingtonMonument第48页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三第49页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三2.1WhiteHousetheofficialpresidentialresidenceInsidetheHouse,therearemorethan130roomsPortraitsofallthepresidentshangonthewalls第50页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三第51页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三2.2Capitol国会大厦ThemeetingplaceoftheUnitedStatesCongress,thelegislatureofthefederalgovernmentofUnitedStatesLocatedinWashingtonD.C.,itsitsatopCapitolHill.第52页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三3.SanFranciscoGoldenGateBridgeLocatedonthecentralpartoftheCaliforniashoreline.Centerofoil-refining,automobiles,chemicals,commerce,finance,andshippingindustry.Over300000Chinese,thelargestChinesesettlementinAmerica.第53页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三4.LosAngelssecondlargestcityintheU.S.fourtimeslargerthanSanFranciscoimportantelectroniccenterknownforthemanufactureoftires,automobilesandaircraft.SincethefirstAmericanmoviewasmadeinLosAngelesin1908,thecityhasremainedthefilmcenteroftheUnitedStates.Hollywoodislocatedinthiscity.第54页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三Hollywood—thebaseofthefilmindustry,isaworldfamousfilmproducingcenter.第55页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三TheworldfamousDisneylandattractsmillionsoftouristseveryyear.DisneylandhasbeenbuiltinCalifornia,Florida,Paris,TokyoandHongKong.第56页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三5.Chicagothewindycity;secondmostpopulouscityafterNewYork.Foundedintheearly1800s—mainconnectionbetweentheeastcoastcitiesandtheWest.thelargestindustrialcityinthecountry,withhighlydevelopedheavyandlightindustriesthecenterofindustry,transportation,commerceandfinanceintheMidwestarea,alsoaculturecenter第57页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三SearsTower(西尔斯大厦)WillisTower,stillcommonlyreferredtoasSearsTowerCompletionin1973,thetallestbuildingintheworld,surpassingtheWorldTradeCentertowersinNewYorkHeldthisrankfor25yearsTallestbuildinginUnitedStatesOneofthemostpopulartouristattractionsinChicagoRenamedWillisTowerin2009第58页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三第59页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三第60页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三PeopleTheWhite74.7%Asians4.3%TheBlack12.1%MixedRaces2.5%

NativeIndians&Hawaiians0.9%TheUnitedStatesisthethirdmostpopulousnationintheworld,rankingbehindChinaandIndia.AccordingtotheU.S.CensusBureau(美国人口普查局),theresidentpopulationreachedamilestoneonOct.17,2006,hitting300million.第61页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三PopulationUnevendistributionThemostdenselypopulatedregion—thenortheasternpartAboutonequarterofthetotallandarea,abouthalfofthetotalpopulation.TheGreatPlains—acomparativelysmallpopulation.TheSouth—apopulationofalmost57.5millionpeople.TheWest—notdenselypopulated;20%ofthepopulationexceptforsomemetropolitancenterslikeLosAngels,andSanFrancisco.第62页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三NationofImmigrantsRaceandethnicgroupsTheIndiansTheWhiteAnglo-SaxonsProtestants(WASP)TheBlackTheHispanicsTheAsian-Americans第63页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三IndiansAbout10millionIndiansinNorthAmericaWhenColumbusarrived.Westwardmovement—thedestructionoftheIndians.Todayabout2.4millionIndiansAboutone-thirdofthemliveonreservations,landthatwasset-asideforthem.Therestlivesincities.Povertyandunemploymentaremajorproblems,especiallyonthereservations.第64页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三WASPsEuropeandescendantsWhiteAnglo-SaxonProtestantswhowerelargelyresponsibleforthewinningofAmerica’sindependence.English—officiallanguage第65页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三TheBlackAbout8millionblackpeoplewerebroughttoAmericafromAfricaasslavesfrom1620to1820.workonplantationsorlargefarmsoftheSouth.poorandsufferfrompovertyTodaytheblackaccountforabout12%ofthepopulationManyofthemliveintheSouthandinthecitiesofNortheastandMidwest.

第66页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三CivilRightsMovementSegregationlaws(隔离法)inSouthernstatesintheUSpreventedblackandwhitepeoplefromsittingtogetherinmovietheatres,eatinginthesamerestaurants,drinkingfromthesamewaterfountain,etc.AlthoughthesearenotAmendment(补充法案）totheUSConstitution,theUSgovernmentwouldnotdeclaretheSouthernlawsunconstitutionaluntiltherewerecasesbroughtinthefederalcourts.Thecivilrightsmovementsbeganwhenblackpeoplespontaneouslyprotestedsegregationlawsandcreatedorganizationstomaketheprotestssuccessful.

第67页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三MartinLutherKingablackministeragreatpoliticalandreligiousleaderofthenon-violentcivilrightsmovementin1950s.第68页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三OnAugust28,1963,heledover250,000AmericansonamarchinWashingtonD.C.tofightfortheCivilRightsLawtoguaranteeequalityforallpeople,anddeliveredhisbest-knownspeech“IHaveaDream”beforetheLincolnMemorial.ThushewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforpeacein1964.Buthewastragicallymurderedfouryearslater.ByvoteofCongressin1968,thethirdMondayofeveryJanuaryisnowafederalholidayinMartinLutherKing’shonor.第69页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三IHaveaDream

Ihaveadreamthatonedaythisnationwillriseupandliveoutthetruemeaningofitscreed:Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evidentthatallmenarecreatedequal.IhaveadreamthatonedayontheredhillsofGeorgiathesonsofformerslavesandthesonsofformerslaveownerswillbeabletositdowntogetheratthetableofbrotherhood.IhaveadreamthatonedayeventhestateofMississippi,astateswelteringwiththeheatofinjustice,swelteringwiththeheatofoppression,willbetransformedintoanoasisoffreedomandjustice.Ihaveadreamthatmyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.Ihaveadreamtoday!Ihaveadreamthatoneday,downinAlabama,withitsviciousracists,withitsgovernorhavinghislipsdrippingwiththewordsofinterpositionandnullification;onedayrightdowninAlabamalittleblackboysandblackgirlswillbeabletojoinhandswithlittlewhiteboysandwhitegirlsassistersandbrothers.Ihaveadreamtoday!Ihaveadreamthatonedayeveryvalleyshallbeexalted,andeveryhillandmountainshallbemadelow,theroughplaceswillbemadeplain,andthecrookedplaceswillbemadestraight,andthegloryoftheLordshallberevealedandallfleshshallseeittogether.第70页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三Hispanics

—theSpanish-speakingpopulationoftheUnitedStates

PuertoRicans波多黎各人Mexican-AmericansCuban-Americans123ThreemajorHispanicgroups:第71页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三PuertoRicansTheislandofPuertoRico(波多黎各)

hasbeenanAmericanpossessionsincetheSpanish-Americanwarof1899andPuertoRicanshavebeenAmericancitizenssince1917.BetterjobopportunitiesintheU.S.havedrawnalargenumberofPuertoRicanstotheU.S.,themajorityofwhomhavesettledinthelargecitiesintheeasternseaboard.第72页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三CubanAmericansTheCuban-AmericanswhogotawayfromCubaaftertheCubanRevolutionin1959andarenowgatheredintheMiamiarea.Ingeneral,theCuban-Americanshavedonethebesteconomically.TheyleftCubaintheearly60sand,overthepast40years,theyhavecreatedaprosperous“littleCuba”intheMiamiarea.第73页，讲稿共79页，2023年5月2日，星期三Asianimmigrants—Chinese

AmongtheAsianimmigrant