江苏省宿迁市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末调研测试英语试题含解析

高二年级调研测试

英语试卷

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需

改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写

在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂

到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选

项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅

读一遍。

1.Whatistheweatherliketoday?

A.Rainy.B.Cloudy.C.Sunny.

2.Howoldisthemannow?

A.Just20.B.About23.C.Nearly18.

3.Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Schoolmates.B.Co-workers.C.Husbandandwife.

4.Wherearethespeakers?

A.Attheairport.B.Atawedding.C.Inaclothingshop.

5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.Sports.B.Plans.C.Hobbies.

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项

中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完

后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Whichmoviewillthewomansee?

A.Terminator4.B.TheSimpsons.C.AliceinWonderland.

7.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?

A.HewillwatchTheSimpsons.

B.Hemetthewomansixweeksago.

C.Heloveswatchingmovieswithhisfamily.

听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Inthestreet.B.Intheclassroom.C.Intheoffice.

9.Whydoesthewomanlookupset?

A.Shehasgotstuckintraffic.

B.ShemissedherEnglishclass.

C.Shefeltthatsomethingbadhadhappened.

10.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthewoman'swords?

A.Interested.B.Doubtful.C.Certain.

听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。

11.Whowillpayforthemeal?

A.Theman.B.Thewoman.C.GoDutch.

12.Howmuchdothespeakersplantolip?

A.$20.B.$9.C.$15.

13.Whatdothespeakersthinkofthismeal?

A.Justso-sO.B.Verysatisfactory.C.Quitedisappointing.

听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。

14.Howdoesthemansoundatfirst?

A.Nervous.B.Confident.C.Surprised.

15.Howlongdidthemanworkasadeliveryman?

A.Halfayear.B.Ayear.C.Twoyears.

16.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

A.Thewomanlikestoeatpizza.

B.Themanisuninterestedinhismajor.

C.Thewomanwillbetheman'sleader.

17.Whatarethespeakersdoing?

A.Conductinganinterview.

B.Talkingabouthowtofindajob.

C.Discussingtheirworkexperience.

听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。

18.Howmanydriverscanfindplacestoparktheircarsinamedium-sizedcity?

A.Around100,000.B.Around50,000.C.Around15,000.

19.Whatisthepurposeofthe“Park&Ride”system?

A.Toencouragepeopletousepublictransport.

B.Tobuildmoreparkingareasinthecitycenter.

C.Tochargelowerparkingfeesinthecitycenter.

20.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?

A.HowtodealwithtrafficjamsinChina.

B.HowtosolvetheparkingprobleminChina.

C.HowtolimitthenumberofprivatecarlicensesinChina.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

TheBayAreaScienceFestivalisback!Goingintoits11thyear,thefestivalisofferingagreatmixofbothin-

personandvirtualeventsforthecuriousofallages.Itpreviouslywasheldinthefall,butduetoregional

wildfires,thefestivalhasbeenmovedtothespringthisyearandwillbeginonThursday,April21-intimeto

celebrateEarthDayonFriday,April22—andrunthroughApril30,Hereareafewrecommendationsrelatedto

environmentalscience.

ChanRineShorelines

April25,2022,6p.m.一7p.m.

Thisin-persontourandwalkthroughthehistoryofsouthSanFrancisco'sshorelinewillbeanexplorationof

howbothclimatechangeandsea-levelrisehaveaffectedtheshiftsinourshorelines—andyou'lllearnaboutways

toprotectthem.

WildfirefromSpace

April26,2022,7p.m.—8p.m.

OurveryownKQEDevent,hostedbyRobertSimmonsfromPlanetLabs,offersvirtualandin-person

opportunitiestolearnaboutwildfiresthroughsatelliteimagery.Seewildfiresfromspaceandlearnhowthelatest

satellitetechnologyhelpsagenciesandcommunitiesmanageemergencyresponseduringbums.

VirtualTourofRccology

April27,2022,1p.m.—2p.m.

Whathappenstotheitemsyouplaceinyourroadsidebins?Thisvirtualeventwillhelpyoulearnaboutthe

historyofRecology,whatittakestorecycleallthatstuff,andwhatyoucandotocreatechangethathasimpact.

GreywatcrandWetlands

April30,2022,2p.m.—4p.m.

Thisin-persontouroftheEcoCenterwillexploreenvironmentaljusticethemesthroughthehistoryofthe

Bayview-HuntersPointneighborhood.You111learnhowashippingterminalbecamearestoredwetlandhabitat.

Plus,you'Hhaveachancetotransplantthenativesaltgrassthathelpsrestorewetlandsandprovideshabitatfor

migratingbirds.

1.WhichofthefollowingisasuitabletimeforpeopletoattendtheScienceFestival?

A.OnApril20.B.OnMay21.

C.OnApril22.D.OnMay30.

2.Ifyouareinterestedintherecyclingofhouseholdwaste,whicheventisthebestchoice?

A.WildfirefromSpace.B.VirtualTourofRecology.

C.ChangingShorelines.D.GreywaterandWetlands.

3.Whatdothefoureventsatthefestivalhaveincommon?

A.Theyareheldinthefallthisyear.B.Theyaredesignedforallteenagers.

C.Theyarebothonlineandofflineactivities.D.Environmentalscienceisacommontheme.

【答案】l.C2.B3.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍湾区科学节上的几个与环境科学有关的活动推荐。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段"Itpreviouslywasheldinthefall,butduetoregionalwildfires,thefestivalhasbeen

movedtothespringthisyearandwillbeginonThursday,April21—inlimeiocelebrateEarthDayonFriday,

April22-andrunthroughApril30."（之前的庆祝活动是在秋天举行的，但由于当地的森林大火，今年的庆

祝活动被推迟到了春季，并将于4月21日（星期四）开始，以及庆祝4月22日（星期五）的地球日，一直持

续到4月30日。）可知，科学节从4月21日开始，一直持续到4月30日。所以4月22日适合人们参加

科学节。故选C。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据VirtualTourofRccolog、部分“Whathappenstotheitemsyouplaceinyourroadsidebins?

ThisvirtualeventwillhelpyoulearnaboutthehistoryofRecology,whatittakestorecycleallthatstuff,andwhat

youcandotocreatechangethathasimpact."（你放在路边垃圾桶里的东西怎么办？这个虚拟活动将帮助你

了解再生学的历史，回收所有这些东西需要什么，以及你可以做什么来创造有影响力的改变。）可知，对

循环再造家居废物有兴趣的人，可以参加这个活动。故选B。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段“Hereareafewrecommendationsrelatedtoenvironmentalscience."（这里有一些

与环境科学有关的推荐。）可知，这4个活动的共同特点是他们的主题都是环境科学。故选D。

B

Asthefifthofsevenchildren,Iwenttothesamepublicschoolasmythreeeldersistersandbrother.Every

year,mymotherwenttothesameceremonyandhadparent-childinterviewswithteachers.Andeverychild

participatedinanoldschooltradition——theannualplantsaleheldinearlyMay,justtimelyforMother'sDay.

Whatwasdifferentwasthechild.

ThirdgradewasthefirsttimeIwasallowedtojoinintheplantsale.Originally,Iwantedtosurprisemy

mother.Forlackofenoughmoney,Iwenttomyeldestsisterandsharedmythought,afterwhichshesupported

mefinancially.Whenarrivingattheplantsale,Icarefullymademyselection,inspectingeachplantforthebest

geranium（天竺葵）andtakingithomeinsecret.WhenMother'sDayarrived,Irememberhowproudand

delightedmymotherwastoreceivethespecialgift.

TheyearIwasfifteen,myyoungersisterreachedthirdgrade.InearlyMay,shecametomefullofwonder

andsecrecyandtoldmethataplantsalewastobeheldatschool.Asmyeldersisterdidfbrme,Igavehersome

moneyandoffshewent.Shearrivedhomefullofnervousexcitement,thegeraniumhiddeninapaperbagunder

hersweater.lookedateveryplant,“sheexplained,"andIknowIgotthebestone!^^

Whenshegavemymotherthegeranium,theywerebothburstingwithprideanddelight.Mymotheralso

noticedmeandgavemeasoft,secretsmile.Withatugatmyheart,Ismiledback.Ihadbeenwonderinghowmy

mothercouldpretendtobesurprisedatthisgiftfromhersixthchild,butasIwatchedhereyeslightupwith

delightasshewaspresentedwiththatmostpreciousgift,Iknewshewasnotpretending.

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Oursiblingswerefromdifferentschools.

BMotherrepeatedlywentforsimilarinterviews.

C.Theannualplantsalewasintendedforrecreation.

D.Theoldschooltraditionwasheldeveryotheryear.

5.Whydidmymothergivemeasoft,secretsmile?

A.Becauseshedidn'tlikethegiftatall.

B.Becauseshewaspretendingtobehappy.

C.BecausesheknewIgavemoneytomysister.

D.Becauseshedidn'twantmetoletoutthesecret.

6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor?

A.Reliable.B.Considerate.

C.HonestD.Frank.

7.What'sthesuitabletitleforthispassage?

A.SecretsmileB.Mother'sDay

C.GeraniumofloveD.Annualplantsale

【答案】4.B5.D6.B7.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和妹妹不约而同准备了天竺葵送给妈妈作为母亲节礼

物的暖心故事。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段**Everyyear,mymotherwenttothesameceremonyandhadparent-childinterviews

withteachers.（每年我妈妈都会去参加同一个仪式，和老师进行亲子访谈）”可知，每年妈妈都会去参加相

似的亲子访谈。故选B。

【5题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段"Whenshegavemymotherthegeranium,theywerebothburstingwithprideand

delight.Mymotheralsonoticedmeandgavemeasoft,secretsmile.（当她把天竺葵送给母亲时，她们俩都洋溢

着骄傲和喜悦。我的母亲也注意到了我，给了我一个温柔的、秘密的微笑）”可推断，作者的妈妈希望作

者保守秘密，让作者的妹妹觉得自己选的礼物是独一无二的。故选D。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段"ThirdgradewasthefirsttimeIwasallowedtojoinintheplantsale.Originally,I

wantedtosurprisemymother.（三年级是我第一次被允许参加工厂销售。本来，我想给我妈妈一个惊喜）“以

及最后一段"Ihadbeenwonderinghowmymothercouldpretendtobesurprisedatthisgiftfromhersixthchild,

butasIwatchedhereyeslightupwithdelightasshewaspresentedwiththatmostpreciousgift,Iknewshewas

notpretending」我一直在想，我的母亲如何能假装对她第六个孩子送给她的礼物感到惊讶，但当我看到她

得到这份最珍贵的礼物时，她的眼睛里闪烁着喜悦的光芒，我知道她不是在假装）”可推断，作者是一个

很体贴、善解人意的孩子。故选B。

【7题详解】

主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者和妹妹不约而同准备了天竺葵送给妈妈作为母亲

节礼物的暖心故事。整篇文章，天竺葵贯穿前后，代表了作者和妹妹对妈妈的爱，也寓意了妈妈对子女

的爱护。由此可知，“Geraniumoflove（爱的天竺葵）”最适合作为文章标题。故选C。

C

Campaignstoprotectthenaturalworldaregettingincreasinglyambitious.Butalthoughthereisconvincing

evidencethatprotectedareaspreventhabitatloss,proofthattheyactuallybenefitwildlifeissurprisinglyscanty.

Now,thefirstlargestudyofitskindshowsnaturereservescanincreasewaterbirdpopulations,buttypicallyonly

ifhumanstakeanactiveroleintheirmanagement.

Tounderstandtheimpactofnaturereserves,conservationscientistHannahWauchopedecidedtoanalyze

populationsofwaterbirdspecies.First,theteamidentified1506protectedareasthathadpopulationdatafrom

bothbeforeandaftertheywerecreated.Then,theypairedeachreservewithoneormorecontrolsites—asimilar

patchofnearbyhabitat—thatwasunprotected.Thissetuphelpedtheresearchersunderstandhowtheprotected

areainfluencedbirdpopulations.

Theresearchershadhopedtheanalysiswouldclearlyshowprotectedareasbenefitbirds.However,only27%

ofwaterbirdpopulationsinprotectedareasincreasedafterthecreationofthereservewhile21%ofpopulations

werenegativelyimpacted,comparedwiththecontrolsites,afterareservewasestablished.Asilverliningisthat

nearlyhalfthestudiedgroupsneithergrewnorshrank:Atleastthosepopulationswerestable.

Tofigureoutwhatwasresponsibleforthepopulationgainsandlosses,theteamanalyzedmultiplefactors,of

whichthemostimportantwaswhetherthesitewasspecificallymanagedforwaterbirds.Thatcouldmeankeeping

riversandlakesattherightlevelsfortheprotectedspecies,removinginvasiveweeds,orinstallingfencingtokeep

outinvasivepredators.

“Themodestsuccessoftheseprotectedareasmakessense.^^saysPaulFerraro,anenvironmentaleconomist.

Inmanypolicycontexts,henotes,mostinterventionsworknobetterthanthestatusquo.However,thenew

study'smixedresultsarewhatgoodscienceactuallylookslikeandweneedmorestudieslikethisone.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“scanty“probablymeaninthefirstparagraph?

A.Believable.B.Solid.C.Insufficient.D.Conflicting.

9.Whatcanweknowaboutnaturereservesfromparagraph3?

A.Nearlyhalfofthewaterbirdpopulationsareinastablestate.

B.Amajorityofthewaterbirdpopulationswerenegativelyaffected.

CNaturereservesincreasedthewaterbirdpopulationsasexpected.

D.Protectedareasmakemuchdifferencetothewaterbirdpopulations.

10.Whichofthefollowingistheleadingcauseofthefailureofnaturereserves?

A.Smallsize.B.Humanactivities.

C.Invasiveweeds.D.Ineffectivemanagement.

11.Whyaretheenvironmentaleconomisfswordsquoted?

A.Toemphasizethevalueofthestudy.B.Toshowthedrawbacksofintervention.

C.Toindicatethedifficultyofmorestudies.D.Toexpresssatisfactionaboutthestatusquo.

【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述建立自然保护区和人类的干预对野生动物的影响。

【8题详解】

词句猜测题。根据第一段"Butalthoughthereisconvincingevidencethatprotectedareaspreventhabitatloss,

proofthattheyactuallybenefitwildlifeissurprisinglyscanty.M（但是，尽管有令人信服的证据表明，保护区

可以防止栖息地的丧失，但是能证明保护区实际上有益于野生动物的证据却惊人地scanty。）可知，

scanty是形容词。分析句子结构和意思可知，2个小分句之间是转折的关系，上文提到“有令人信服的证

据”，下文就应该是“能证明保护区实际上有益于野生动物的证据是不足的”，这样上下文才能构成对

比和转折，所以scanty的意思应该是“不足的”，和选项C意思一致。故选C。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段"Asilverliningisthatnearlyhalfthestudiedgroupsne汕ergrewnorshrank:Atleast

thosepopulationswerestable."（值得庆幸的是，几乎一半的研究群体既没有增长也没有减少：至少这些群

体是稳定的。）可知，几乎一半的水鸟数量是处于稳定状态的。故选A。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段"Tofigureoutwhatwasresponsibleforthepopulationgainsandlosses,theteam

analyzedmultiplefactors,ofwhichthemostimportantwaswhetherthesitewasspecificallymanagedfor

waterbirds."（为了弄清楚是什么导致了这些鸟的数量的增加和减少，研究小组分析了多种因素，其中最重

要的是这个地方是否是专门为水鸟管理的。）可知，管理是决定鸟类数量的最重要因素，所以如果一个自

然保护区失败了，那么，最重要的原因应该是管理不善。故选D。

【11题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段“"Themodestsuccessoftheseprotectedareasmakessense.^^saysPaulFerraro,an

environmentaleconomist."（“这些保护区的适度成功是有意义的。”环境经济学家保罗•费拉罗说。）可

知，作者引用环境经济学家保罗•费拉罗的话，是为了强调研究的价值。故选A。

D

Welcometotheanti-climax,theoften-experiencedbutseldom-discusseddownsideofachievinglife's

milestones.Inpsychology,thebeliefthatachievingourgoalwillbringusalastingfeelingofhappinessiscalled

"arrivalfallacy”,whichplaysabigpartinthefeelingsofemptinessthatfollowit.

It'safeelingthat'salltoofamiliarforKatieFord,aveterinarysurgeon.Togainanextraqualification,sheput

incountlesshoursofstudyandmadelotsofsacrificesalongtheway,butnowinsteadofcelebrationandpride,she

feelsemptinessandconfusion,whichhavethepotentialtodevelopsymptomsofdepressionandlowmood.

Ifyoufindyourselfinasimilarsituationoryoususpectworkingtowardsyourmilestonesmaybealetdown

whenyoureachthefinishline,therearestepstohelpgetridofanti-climax.First,insteadofrushingforittobe

done,slowdowntoenjoythedoing,andrememberthatlotsofthingsinourlivesarenevertrulydone,but

constantlyevolvejustlikewedo.Anothervitalstepisacknowledgingthesmallwins.Wehavelotsofstepping

stonestoabiggoaltopauseon,socelebratehowfaryou'vecomefromthefirstone,andlookforwardtothe

manystonesinfront.Third,anticipatinganti-climaxesintheleaduptobigmilestonescanalsolessentheir

impact.Anti-climaxesarejustascommonaspost-holidayblues,sowe'dbetternormalizethem.

Ratherthandownplayingyourmilestonesormovingstraighttothenext,mindfullycherishthemoment,

recognizeyourprogressandrewardyourselfpositively.Thatway,youwon'tfallintothefallacyofhaving”made

if9.Instead,you'llseethatyouarehappily“makingit“alongthejourneythatisanentirelifetime.

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inthefirstparagraphreferto?

A.Thebelief.B.Achievingourgoal.

C.Arrivalfallacy.D.Afeelingofhappiness.

13.WhydoestheauthorcitetheexampleofKatieFord?

A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.

C.Todrawaconclusion.D.Tomakeaprediction.

14.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytalkabout?

A.Whetheryoufallvictimtoanti-climax.

B.WhetheryouempathizewithKatieFord.

C.Howyoucanprotectyourselffromanti-climax.

D.Howyoucanidentifythesymptomsofanti-climax.

15.What'sthepurposeofthisarticle?

A.Tohelpushowtodealwithanti-climax.

B.Tosetreadersthinkingaboutanti-climax.

C.Toremindusofthedangerofanti-climax.

D.Todiscussthenecessityofpreventinganti-climax.

【答案】12.B13.B14.C15.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要告诉人们在反高潮、感到空虚时应该如何面对和解决。

【12题详解】

词句猜测题。根据第一段“Inpsychology,thebeliefthatachievingourgoalwillbringusalastingfeelingof

happinessiscalled“arrivalfbllacy”,whichplaysabigpartinthefeelingsofemptinessthatfollowit.n（在心理学

中，相信实现目标会带给我们持久的幸福感，这种信念被称为“到达谬误”，它在随之而来的空虚感中

扮演了重要角色。）分析可知，it指代上文提到的“实现目标”。whichplaysabigpartinthefeelingsof

emptinessthatfollowit.引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是arrivalfallacy,that引导定语从句修饰the

feelings,可以翻译为：到达谬误在跟随实现目标而来的空虚感中扮演了重要角色。故选B。

【13题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段"It'safeelingthat'salltoofamiliarforKatieFord,aveterinarysurgeon.Togainan

extraqualification,sheputincountlesshoursofstudyandmadelotsofsacrificesalongtheway,butnowinstead

ofcelebrationandpride,shefeelsemptinessandconfusion,whichhavethepotentialtodevelopsymptomsof

depressionandlowmood."（这种感觉对KatieFord来说再熟悉不过了，她是个兽医。为了获得一个额外

的资格证书，她投入了无数个小时的学习，一路上做出了很多牺牲，但现在，她感到的不是庆祝和骄

傲，而是空虚和困惑，这有可能导致抑郁和反高潮的症状。）可知，这一段以KatieFord为例，是为了进

一步阐明第一段提到的“到达谬误”这一概念。故选B。

【14题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第三段“Ifyoufindyourselfinasimilarsituationoryoususpectworkingtowardsyour

milestonesmaybealetdownwhenyoureachthefinishline,therearestepstohelpgetridofanti-climax.First,

insteadofrushingforittobedone,slowdowntoenjoythedoing,andrememberthatlotsofthingsinourlivesare

nevertrulydone,butconstantlyevolvejustlikewedo.Anothervitalstepisacknowledgingthesmallwins.We

havelotsofsteppingstonestoabiggoaltopauseon,socelebratehowfaryou'vecomefromthefirstone,and

lookforwardtothemanystonesinfront.Third,anticipatinganti-climaxesintheleaduptobigmilestonescan

alsolessentheirimpact.Anti-climaxesarejustascommonaspost-holidayblues,sowe'dbetternormalize

them."（如果你发现自己处于类似的情况，或者你怀疑朝着里程碑前进的过程可能会让你在到达终点时感

到失望，这里有一些步骤可以帮助你摆脱反高潮。首先，与其急着去做，不如慢下来享受做这件事的过

程。记住，我们生活中的很多事情从来没有真正完成过，而是像我们一样不断进化。另一个重要的步骤

是承认小的胜利。我们有很多通向大目标的垫脚石，可以停下来，所以庆祝你从第一个目标走了多远，

并期待前面的许多垫脚石。第三，在重要的里程碑之前预估反高潮也可以减少它们的影响。反高潮和节

后抑郁一样普遍，所以我们最好把它们常态化）可知，这一段主要介绍如何保护自己免受反高潮的影响。

故选C。

【15题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段"Ratherthandownplayingyourmilestonesormovingstraighttothenext,

mindfullycherishthemoment,recognizeyourprogressandrewardyourselfpositively.Thatway,youwon'tfall

intothefallacyofhaving“madeif,.Instead,you'llseethatyouarehappily“makingit“alongthejourneythatis

anentirelifetime."（与其淡化你的里程碑或者直接进入下一个阶段，不如谨慎地珍惜当下，认识到你的进

步并且积极地奖励自己。这样，你就不会陷入“成功”的谬论。相反，你会看到自己在一生的旅程中快

乐地“成功”。）可知，作者写这篇文章是为了帮助我们如何解决反高潮。故选A。

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选

项，

Whenheadingtobed,peopleoftendosomethingstopromotesleep,suchasdrinkingacupofwarmmilk.

16Theanswerisvaried.

"Onereasonthatwarmmilkmakespeoplesleepyisthatitremindsyouofthepersonwhowaskindenough

togiveittoyouwhenyouwereyounger,'*saidpsychologistMichael.17

Onthemolecularlevel,thetryptophan（色氨酸）inmilkhaspropertieswhichcanpromotesleeping.

18Ourbodiesusethetryptophanfromfood,alongwithotherthings,toproducethebrainchemical

serotonin,whichistransformedintomelatonin,ahormonethathelpsyousleep.

19That'sbecausethebodytransformsitintohormonesthatenhancesleep.Butinreality,itwould

takealotoftryptophantomakeapersonfeelsleepy.Evenifapersondrinksthatmuchmilk,it'sunclearwhether

thehighamountoftryptophanwouldbeenoughtomakehimorherfeelsleepy.Milk,afterall,containsmany

othermaterialsthatcompetetoenterourbrainthroughtheblood.Thus,thesleep-promotingeffectofmilkis

limited.

Asforthetemperatureofthemilk,therearen'tanystudiesthatsuggestmilkhastobewarmforanyofits

psychologicalorphysicaleffectstokickin.20Itcaninturnhelptorelaxthebody.

A.Thecalmingassociationmayhelptolowerpre-sleepanxiety.

B.Intheory,takingfoodrichintryptophancanmakeusfeelsleepy.

C.Thebodyneedsthetryptophaninthemilktocalmourselvesdown.

D.Canthetemperatureofthemilkacceleratethespeedofoursleeping?

E.Thebodycannotproducetryptophan,sopeoplemustgetitfromthediet.

F.Butthewarmthofthemilkmayhelpraiseourinternalbodytemperatures.

G.Butisthereanyscientificevidencethatdrinkingwarmmilkwillmakeyousleepy?

【答案】16.G17.A18.E19.B20.F

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要对睡前喝热牛奶是否对睡眠有用进行了解释。文章指出，热牛奶

之所以对你睡眠有助一方面是因为它让你想起曾经给你热牛奶的人，这有一定缓解焦虑的作用；另一方

面是因为热牛奶里的色氨酸也有促进睡眠的作用，但是实际情况来看，可能其效果有限。除此以外，牛

奶的温度从某种程度上也能让你放松，从而睡个好觉。

【16题详解】

根据后文“Theanswerisvaried.（这个答案是多种多样的。）”以及<<44Onereasonthatwarmmilkmakes

peoplesleepyisthatitremindsyouofthepersonwhowaskindenoughtogiveittoyouwhenyouwereyounger,',

saidpsychologistMichael.（心理学家迈克尔说：“热牛奶让人昏昏欲睡的一个原因是，它会让你想起那个在

你年轻时好心给你热牛奶的人。"）”和<40nthemolecularlevel,thetryptophan（色氨酸）inmilkhas

propertieswhichcanpromotesleeping.（在分子水平上，色氨酸具有促进睡眠的特性。）”可知，后文是对选

项所提出的一个问题进行回答，该问题跟后文所提到的内容相关，故选项应为一个疑问句。选项G中的

scientificevidencev对应后文中的“Onthemolecularlevel”，而选项中的makeyousleepy在后文又被提

到，两者互相照应。故选G项。

【17题详解】

根据前文“'Onereasonthatwarmmilkmakespeoplesleepyisthatitremindsyouofthepersonwhowaskind

enoughtogiveittoyouwhenyouwereyounger,1saidpsychologistMichael.（心理学家迈克尔说：“热牛奶让人

昏昏欲睡的一个原因是，它会让你想起那个在你年轻时好心给你热牛奶的人。“）"可知，热牛奶让人想

起曾经给自己温暖的人，使人内心感动，这种联系能减缓睡前焦虑。选项A中的“Thecalming

association"对应前文的提到的“想起那个在你年轻时好心给你热牛奶的人”，这会产生令人镇静的作

用，因此推断A项“这种镇静的联系可能有助于降低睡前焦虑。”符合语境。故选A项。

18题详解】

根据后文“Ourbodiesusethetryptophanfromfood,alongwithotherthings,toproducethebrainchemical

serotonin,whichistransformedintomelatonin,ahormonethathelpsyousleep.（我们身体利用食物中的色氨

酸和其他物质来产生大脑化学物质血清素。血清素被转化为褪黑激素，这种激素有助于睡眠。）”可知，

色氨酸是从食物以及其他物质中获取的，我们身体本身不具有色氨酸。故E选项中的“getitfromthe

diet对应**usethetryptophanfromfood,alongwithotherthings**,因此推断E项“人体不能产生色氨

酸，所以人们必须从饮食中获取色氨酸。”符合语境。故选E项。

【19题详解】

根据后文"That'sbecausethebodytransformsitintohormonesthatenhancesleep.Butinreality,itwouldtakea

lotoftryptophantomakeapersonfeelsleepy.（这是因为身体将其转化为增强睡眠的激素。但事实上，需要大

量的色氨酸才能让人感到困倦。）”可知，本段从理论和实际两个方面去论述到底色氨酸是否具有助眠的

作用。选项B中的“Intheory”与后文的“Butinreality”相对应。因此推断B项“从理论上讲，食用富

含色氨酸的食物会让我们感到困倦。”符合语境。故选B项。

【20题详解】

根据前文“Asforthetemperatureofthemilk,therearen'tanystudiesthatsuggestmilkhastobewarmforany

ofitspsychologicalorphysicaleffectstokickin.（至于牛奶的温度，没有任何研究表明牛奶必须是热的才能

发挥其心理或生理作用。）"以及后文"Itcaninturnhelptorelaxthebody.（这反过来有助于放松身体。）“

可知，本段讲述的是牛奶的温度可能也是一个影响助眠效果的因素。选项F中的"thewarmthofthe

milk”对应前文的"ihetemperatureofthemilk”以及选项中的"raiseourinternalbodytemperatures”对应

后文的“it”，故选项F“但牛奶的温度可能有助于提高我们体内的温度。”符合语境，具有承上启下的

作用。故选F项。

第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

LifeRollsOn

IwasaboutninethefirsttimeIgotonaboard.WhenIwastwelve,Ibegantocompeteinsurfing,21

numberoneinPacificSurfSeries.Fortunefavoredme22eversince.

Thencametheday23mylifechanged.AsIsurfed,thewave24meinmybacksofastthatI

hadnotimetorespond.Mywholebodywentnumb-unableto25.Unsurprisingly,Iwasdiagnosed

paralyzed（瘫痪的）.

Badasitwas,Ifeltproudofmyselfby26thewilltolive.Insteadofbeingafraid,Irealizedhow

27Ihadbeenthefirstseventeenyearsofmylife,feelingblessedbyGod.

Thatfall,Ireturnedtoschoolandendedup28ontime.Shortlyafterthat,Iwaseven29bya

UniversitywhereIlivedmylifetothefullestfromgoingout