第5讲连词学案2023届高考英语语法30讲

第5份高中语法讲义连词年月日 语法项目5连词（Conjunctions）重点用法①常用的并列连词用法：1.并列连词用来连接平行对等、互不从属的词、短语或分句，可表示并列、转折、选择或因果等关系。常见的并列连词的用法如下：2.and意为“和，并且”，用于连接对等关系的词、词组或分句；常用于句型“祈使句+逗号+and...”。TomandIwenttothebookstoreyesterday.and连接两个并列的词我和汤姆昨天去了书店。Hestoodupandputonhishat.and连接两个动作他站起来，戴上了帽子。Fishingishishobby,andcollectingcoinsalsogiveshimgreatpleasure.and连接两个分句他爱好钓鱼，收集硬币也令他感到快乐。Tryagain,andyou’llsucceed.在祈使句中，and前面的部分用来表示条件再试一下，你就会成功的。3.or和orelse表示选择关系。表示两者之间选择其一，意为“或者”；用于祈使句时，意为“否则，不然”。TomorIamright.或者汤姆，或者我是对的。Hurryup,orelseyou’llmissthelastbus.快点儿，不然你就会错过最后一班车。Putonyourovercoat,oryouwillcatchcold.穿上衣服，要不然你会着凉的。4.but意为“但是，可是，而是”，连接两种并列成分，表示转折关系，不能和although连用。Itwasasunnybutnotverywarmday.那一天天气晴朗，但却不太暖和。5.so意为“所以，于是，也，同样”，表示结果，连接句子。Itwastoodark,soIcouldn’tseeanything.天太黑了，我什么也看不见。6.for意为“因为”，表示原因，连接句子。Isoonwenttosleep,forIwastired.我很快就入睡了，因为我太累了。7.both...and意为“和，既……也……”，由它构成的词组作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。BothLucyandMaryareten.露西和玛丽都10岁了。Bothheandhisbrothersaregoodatdancing.他和他的兄弟们都擅长跳舞。8.either...or意为“或……或……；不是……就是……”，由它构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词随or后面的词而定（就近原则）。Theshoeswereeithertoobigortoosmall.鞋子要么太大，要么太小。Eitheryouorheisright.不是你，就是他是对的。9.neither...or意为“既不……也不……”，由它构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词随nor后面的词而定（就近原则）。Itisneitherhotinsummer,norcoldinwinter.夏天不热，冬天不冷。NeitherhenorIspeakaforeignlanguage.他和我都不会说外语。10.notonly...butalso意为“不但……而且……”，由它构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词随butalso后面的词而定（就近原则）。Janeisnotonlybeautifulbutalsokind.简不但漂亮，而且人也非常好。Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherswasagainsttheplan.不但学生，而且老师也反对这个计划。11.aswellas...意为“又，不但……而且……”，由它构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词随其前面的词而定。aswellashisparentsjoinsintheparty.不但林先生的父母，而且林先生也参加宴会。提示：在口语中，and常用在come，go，run，stay，try等之后表示目的，and在此相当于不定式符号to。Goandaskhim.去问问他。Tryandfinishtheworkinamonth.设法在一个月内完成这项工作。重点用法②常用的从属连词用法：1.that无词义，用于引导名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）和定语从句。Ithinkthatsheistired.我想他累了。ThetroubleisthatI’velosthisaddress.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。2.when，while和as意为“当……时”，用于引导时间状语从句，都可表示从句和主句的动作同时发生，when也可表示先后发生。WhileIread,shesang.我在看书时，她在唱歌。When/While/Ashewasdoinghishomework,Icamein.当他写作业时我走了过来。Therewerechairsleftoverwheneveryonehadsatdown.当大家就座后还剩下几把椅子。3.since意为“自从……以来”，引导时间状语从句。从句用一般过去时，主句多用一般现在时或现在完成时。ManythingshavehappenedsinceIlastsawhim.从我上次见到他以来发生了很多事。Howlongisitsincewelastwenttothetheatre?我们多久没去看戏了？4.assoonas意为“刚一……就”，引导时间状语从句。从句用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作或状态。AssoonasIgetthepresent,I’lltellyou.我一收到礼物就告诉你。I’lltellAnnthegoodnewsassoonasshecomesback.安一回来，我就告诉她这个好消息。5.before意为“在……之前”，after意为“在……之后”，都可引导时间状语从句。Didsheleaveamessagebeforeshewent?她走之前留言了吗？Ifoundherbagaftershehadleft.她走了以后，我发现了她的包。6.till和until意为“直到……时”，可引导时间状语从句。一般认为till不如until正式，在书面语中不常用。句首通常用until。Canyouwaittill/untilIcomeback?你能等到我回来吗？Hedidn’tfinishhishomeworkuntilhismothercameback.finish是点动词，故用否定句。直到他妈妈回来，他才完成作业。7.because意为“因为”，引导原因状语从句。常用于回答why引导的特殊疑问句，不能和so连用。Ididitbecausemymothertoldmeto.妈妈吩咐我去做这件事，我才做的。-Whyareyoulate?你为什么迟到？-BecauseImetatrafficaccidentonmywayhere.因为我在来这儿的路上遇到了车祸。8.if意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句。IfnecessaryIwillcomeatonce.如果有必要，我会马上来。9.though和although意为“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。它们都不能与but连用。ThoughIwastired,Istillworkedhard.虽然我很累，但我仍然努力工作。10.so...that意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。that后面跟的从句是否定句时，可与too...to互换。TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tliftit.=Theboxistooheavyformetolift.箱子太沉了，我抬不起来。提示：though，although和as都可以表示“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。as引导的从句要用倒装语序，即把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在as之前。though和although放在句首时用法相同，但如放在句末时用though，不用although，且前面有逗号。这几个词均不能与and，but连用，但可与yet连用。Tryasshemight,shecouldn’topenthedoor.as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序。她试过多次了，可仍然打不开那门。【课后练习】定语从句提高练习1.Waterentersintoagreatvarietyofchemicalreactions,afewhavebeenmentionedinpreviouspages.2.shrewdpeoplehedescribedinhisnovelaretobefoundeverywhere.3.TheGreatWallistheplacealmostalltouristswouldliketovisitwhentheycometoBeijing.4.Hedidn'thaveagoodcommandofspokenEnglish,madeitdifficultforhimtogetagoodjob.5.Collin'sstruggletomakeaplaceforherselfinballetisthekindoflifestoryafascinatingnovelmightbewritten.6.Thequalityofteachingshouldbemeasuredbythedegreethestudents'potentialityisdeveloped.7.Basicresearchprovidesthecapitalfundofscientificknowledgewhichtheappliedresearchersdrawtogivesocietyarichrateofinterest.8.HiramRevels,thefirstBlackmemberoftheUnitedStatesSenate,servedassenatorfromMississippi,anofficehewaselectedin1870.9.TheywillmoveintothenewhousenextFriday,timeitwillbecompletelyfurnished.10.Thetallrectangularbuildingsmaywellgivewaytoamorecomplexandexcitingshapeprovidingareaswhichtheindividualcanfullyidentifyhimself.11.Wecanseparateoilintothechemicalcompoundsitiscomposed.12.Wehavefoundausefulcompoundwecanseparatesomeimportantelements.13.Noiseinaroommaybereducedbycarpeting,draperies,andupholsteredfurniture,all______absorbsound.14.AftertheFirstWorldWar,theauthorAnaisNinbecameinterestedintheartmovementknownasSurrealismandinpsychoanalysis,bothinfluencedhernovelsandshortstories.15.Idontthinkthenumberofpeoplethishappensisverylarge.16.AnthonyJason,helpLouissucceededintheexperiment,wasafriendofmine.17.He'swrittenabookthenameI'vecompletelyforgotten.18.Watercolorprovidesabrillianttransparencyandfreshness,itallowsextraordinarilyfreebrushwork.19.MahaliaJackson,singingcombinedpowerfulvitalitywithgreatdignity,wasoneofthebest-knowngospelsingersintheUnitedStates.20.MrJones,Johnwasworking,wasverygenerousaboutovertimepayment.21.ArthurMillersplayeathofaSalesmanisthetragicstoryofamandestroyedbyhisownhollowvaluesandthoseofthesocietyhelives.22.IntheUnitedStates,aprimaryelectionisamethodvotersselectthenomineesforpublicoffice.23.EmilyDickinson,sgardenwasaplaceshedrewgreatinspirationforherpoems.24.Wemovedtothenewhouseinthesuburbssothatthekidswouldhaveagarden________toplay.25.Heshowedmeabook,fromthecoverIcouldtellthatitwasprettyold.26.Solomonwasdiligent,responsibleandhardworking,hewaspromotedfromaclerktoamanager.27．“Didtheaudienceparticipateintheparty？”“Yes，theactorsfunctionitwastoinvolvetheaudienceweresuccessful.”28.Thedoctorsallblamedtheirresponsibleboydutyitwastoprotectthelittlegirl.29.Theprojectrequiresmorelaborthan（putin）becauseitisextremelydifficult.30.Heoftensatinasmallbardrinkingconsiderablymorethan（be）goodforhishealth.【参考答案】1.ofwhich2.Such/as3.which4.which5.aboutwhich6.towhich7.on8.towhich9.bywhich10.with11.ofwhich12.fromwhich13.ofwhich14.ofwhich15.towhom16.withwhose17.ofwhich18.and19.whose20.forwhom21.inwhich22.bywhich23.fromwhich24.inwhich25.ofwhich26.forwhich27.whose28.whose29.hasbeenputin30.was名词性从句1.IfyouhadtoldmejustIwastodotheywouldneverhavefoundfaultwithmyhandlingofthecase.2.theLondonZoowilladoptasameasurementatthecriticalmomentistotryallwayspreservingtheanimalsinthezoo.3.closeparentsaretotheirchildrenhasastronginfluenceonthecharacterofthechildren.4.Itusedtobesaidsnowmenwereoftenspottedonthemountainsideabove7,000metersbythelocalinhabitants.5.Theproblemnowismeasurewecanadopttoovercomethedifficultiesinshortageoffunds.closelytheoriesapproximatethetruthistheday-to-daybusinessofscience.7.allthestudentsthinkittheirdutytostudyhardhaslaidthefoundationfortheuniversity'shighreputation.8.It'sdoubtfulthegovernmentofthatcountrycanacceptthemaspermanentresidents.9.Ithasalwayspuzzledmetheoldmantiedaredsilkribbonontheyoungtreeinhiscourtyard.10.movedthehumanspiritwasthe“curiosityofallmankindtoexploretheunknown”.11.Headdsthatonereasonmanyofthesedeathshappenis______thereisalotofignoranceinChinaaboutwhatmarathonrunningentails.12.Thereflectionwhichputmeinmind_______goodthingsImighthaveboughtwiththerestofthemoneygavememoreangerthanthewhistlegavemepleasure.13.Toillustrate_______itworks,scientistsperformedanexperimentonasix-year-oldfemalemonkeycalledKeta.14.Itwasmiraculous_______aftertwominutesKeta'sheartbecameactiveoncemore.15.InAmerica,onlyinafewcases_______morethanonehouseholdliveunderoneroof.16.Youngadultsgenerallymaketheirownchoicesaboutwhatcareertopurseand______tomarry.17.Thereisnotelling_______thedogmightcausehertodriveintoacrowdofpedestrians.18.______ifthemenrefusetofollowmyorders?"Rogersasked.19.Effectivemanagersknowtheimportanceoftakingamomenttopointout_____aworkerisdoingwell.20.Thismaybesimply_______menareprogrammedbyevolutiontothinkmoreaboutmatingopportunities.21.Memoryscoresstayedthesame,_______theyhadchattedtoamanorawoman.22.Butifwehadkeptabookandhadwritteninitanaccountof_______wedideachday,weshouldbeabletogiveananswertothequestion.23.Thereismoreagreement_______astudentwhophysicallyattacksafellowstudentorteachershouldberemoved.24.Theparticipantsrecallabilitywaspoorestwhenlisteningtomusic,regardlessof_______theylikedordislikedit.25.Itisthesoundvariationinthemusicandchangingstate_______reducestheabilitytorecalltheorderofitemwithinthepresentedlist.26.Theyfocusedtheirenergiesontryingtohave______theyconsideredimportantforagoodlife.27.Observersaretryingtoguess_______ornotthegamewillremainhugelypopularforalongtime.28.Hindutraditionholds________allpeoplehavethreeeyes.29.AfterIfoundashinysilverpeninmyfifth-gradeclassroom,Iwantedtokeepit,butSteveexplainedthatitmightbeimportanttosomeoneelseinspiteofthefactithadlittlevalue.30.HeremindedmemuchI'dhatetolosetosomeoneelsethesmalldogmyfathercarvedfromapieceofcheapwood.1.what2.what3.how4.that5.what6.how7.That8.whether9.why10.What11.thatx12.how13.how14.that15.that16.who17.that18.what19.when20.because21.whether22.what23.that24.whether25.that26.what27.whether28.that29.that30.How状语从句连词练习1.Hisfatherhadpromisedtobuyhimacomputer___________hebehavedhimself.2.__________theweatherwasbad,wedecidednottogoout.3.Healwaysdidwellatschool___________havingtodopart-timejobseverynowandthen.4.____________thecalculationisright,scientistscanneverbesurethattheyhaveincludedallvariablesandmodeledthemaccurately.5.Thesetwoareasaresimilar____________theybothhaveahighrainfallduringthisseason.6.______________someflowerscontainmorenectarthanothers,howdoesahoneybeeworker,facedwithapatchofflowerscontainingvariableamountsofnectar,decidewhentostopcollecting.7.______________thefactthathisinitialexperimentshadfailed,Prof.Whitepersistedinhisresearch.8.Criticismandself-criticismisnecessary___________ithelpsustofindandcorrectourmistakes.9.Justasthebuilderisskilledinthehandlingofhisbricks,___________theexperiencedwriterisskilledinthehandlingofhiswords10.Thechiefreasonforthepopulationgrowthisn'tsomuchariseinbirthrates___________afallindeathratesasaresultofimprovementsinmedicalcare.11.___________recurringfearisoutofproportiontoanyrealdanger,itiscalledaphobia12.___________noconclusiveevidenceexists,manyexpertsbelievethatthewheelwasinventedonlyonceandthendiffusedtotherestoftheworld.13.Humanbeingaresuperiortoanimals_____________theycanuselanguageasatooltocommunicate.14.___________earthscientistsunderstandhowandwhyearthquakeshappen,forecastsareusuallyinaccurate.15.Gorillasarequietanimals,___________theyarecapableofmakingabout20differentsounds.16.___________youropinionsareworthconsidering,thecommitteefindsitunwisetoplacetoomuchimportanceonthem.17.___________wehavebegunexploringinearnest,wearegettingglimpsesofhowhugethequestionsareandhowfarfrombeinganswered.18.___________theAtlanticOceancrossestheequator,thetradewindscauseaflowofwatertothewest.19.Justastheymustputasidetheirprejudices,___________wemustbepreparedtoaccepttheirgoodfaith.20.Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthatyoungteenshaveshortattentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized___________participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoontosomethingelsewithoutf