湖南师大高三英语课件译林版m9u3grammar1无忧

高

二

英

语Module

9 Unit

3Grammar-1Apposition授课教师：黄

长

泰AppositionDefinitionA

word,

group

ofwords

or

clause

thatfollows

a

noun

orpronoun

and

meansthe

same

person

orthing

as

the

noun

orpronoun

does

iscalled

an

apposition.The

student,WangWei,

was

praised

byour

teacher

yesterday.This

is

Mr.

Wang,

deanof

ourschool.The

news

that

thecriminal

was

arrestedwasnot

true.Kinds

of

AppositionsI.

loose

appositionIt

isoften

setoff

fromthe

head

word

by

acomma.II.

closeappositionhead-word

form

aclose

relation,

notseparated

by

a

comma.We

love

ourcountry,the

great

People’sRepublic

of

China.The

apposition

andits

Do

you

know

thefamous

critic

PaulJones?The

position

of

the

appositionAn

apposition

isusually

placedimmediately

afterthe

head-word,butit

may

also

beputelsewhere

in

thein

the

case

ofpronouns

likeall,both,

each,

myself,etc.An

unusual

presentwas

given

to

him

forhis

birthday,

a

book

onethics.Give

them

an

appleeach.sentence,

especially

They

are

all

/bothstudents.He

finished

ithimself.NoteBesides

nouns

and

pronouns,

adjectives,adverbs,

predicate

verbs,

prepositional

phrases,infinitive

phrases,

clauses,

etc.

Mayoccasionally

be

followed

by

an

apposition.She

always

speaks

so---slowly

and

clearly.He

is

taller,

much

taller

than

she

is.To

go

shopping,

to

help

her

sister,

to

do

somecleaning---

to

do

all

this,

shehas

to

make

thebest

of

her

time.Indicator

as

the

apposition有时为了明晰地表示非限制性同位关系,我们会使用一些词语插入同位成分之间。A)

表示等同关系的词语有:namely,that

is,that

is

to

say,in

other

words,or,etc.You

should

have

consulted

anophthalmologist,

that

is

an

eye

doctor.He

studies

linguistics,

or

the

science

oflanguage.B)

表示举例或列举的词语有：for

example,

for

instance,

e.g.,

suchas,say,

including,

etc.They

visited

several

cities,

for

exampleRome

and

Athens.Nouns

such

as

book,

pen,

apple

andtoyare

countable

nouns.C)表示突出某点的词语有：especially，particularly，in

particular，notably,chiefly，mainly,mostly。We

want

to

invite

a

number

of

friends,especially

Joan

and

Betty.Most

students

in

our

class,

particularlyDavidand

Chris,

are

fond

of

music.这些词语在使用中有的可以放在第二个同位成分之前或之后：that

is,

that

is

to

say,

for

example,for

instance,

in

particular,

in

other

wordsDickens's

most

productive

period,

thatis

(to

say)

the

1840s,

was

a

time

whenpublic

demand

for

fiction

was

growingat

a

tremendous

rate.Dickens's

most

productive

period,

the1840s,

that

is

(to

say),

was

a

timewhenpublic

demand

for

fiction

was

growingat

a

tremendous

rate.included只能放在第二个同位成分之后。其他的词语以及一些缩写形式只能放在第二个同位成分之前：namely，or，including，such

as，say，especially，particularly，notably,

chiefly，mainly，mostly，e.g.,etc.Many

people,

including

my

sister,

won'tforgive

him

for

that.Many

people,

my

sister

included,

won'tforgive

him

for

that.Please

analyze

this

sentence.Nobody

believed

his

reason

for

being主谓

宾absent

from

the

class

that

he

had

to

定语 同位语meet

his

uncle

at

the

airport.

The

appositive

clauseSome

words,

such

asappeal,

belief,idea,decision,

truth,conclusion,

report,message,

promise,proposal,

remark,question,

thought,statement,understanding,

etc.

toshow

thedetails.The

thought

came

toher

that

maybe

she

had

left

the

door

open

when

she

left

home.The

story

goes

that

he

failed

in

theCollege

Entrance

Examinations

again.The

distinction

between

the

appositionand

the

attributeThe

apposition

gives

another

namewhich

often

defines

or

explains

it.An

apposition

is

in

the

same

case

asthe

noun

or

pronoun

it

refersto.It

may

be

expressed

by

a

noun,

apronoun,

or

a

numeral,

etc.The

distinction

between

the

appositionand

the

attributeAn

attribute

is

to

modify

the

noun

orpronoun.“that”

in

the

attributive

clause

hasa

grammar

function,

as

a

part

in

theclause,

while

in

the

appositive

clauseit

is

just

a

conjunction.ReinforcementInformation

has

been

put

forward

B

moremiddle

school

graduates

will

be

admittedinto

universitiesA.

while B.

that C.

when D.

as应将该句区别于：It

is

said

that

more

middle

school

graduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities,thisistheinformation

B

hasbeenputforward.A.

what B.that C.

when D.asA.

it B.

which C.

this D.

that应