河北省保定高三英语上学期期末考试质量检测试题（含解析）

河北省保定2021届高三英语上学期期末考试质量检测试题（含解析）1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Howmuchwillthemanpayforhisnewcomputer?A.$1200B.$1450C.$13602.Whenwilltheexambeheld?A.May1stB.April1stC.March1st3.Wherearethespeakers?A.ThewestsideofthepolicestationB.ThesouthsideoftheForestryBureauC.BetweentaxbureauandIntellectualPropertyProtectionBureau4.Whatdoesthegirlmean?A.Shehasn'tfinishedherhomeworkyetB.Shehasn'tfoundherschoolbagyetC.Shedoesn'twanttodoherhomework5.Wheremightthisconversationtakeplace?第二节(共15小题；每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.WhywasJohncriticized?isisamisunderstanding7.Howwasthismatterhandledproperlyintheend?A.ThereareeyewitnessestestifyinginpersonB.TheschoolretrievedthesurveillancevideoatthattimeC.irrefutableevidence听第7段材料，回答第8-10题8.Whydidn'tteamthreetakepart?A.ThecaptainwasseriouslyinjuredduringthelastmatchB.TheybroketherulesinthelastmatchC.Theydidn'tsignupforthecompetition9.Whatprizedidteamonewininthelastmatch?10.Willteamtwotakepartinthegame?A.YesB.NoC.Thereisnoevidence听第8段材料，回答第11-13题11.Whenwillthepartybeheld?A.TommorroweveningB.NextMondayC.ThisFriday12.Howmanypeopleareattheparty?A.13B.17C.2613.Whataretheygoingtobuynow?A.SomeballonsB.avertically-hungscrollC.colouredribbon听第9段材料，回答第14-17题14.WhendidJimbegintopracticecalligraphy?A.FromsevenyearsagoB.FromsixyearsagoC.Hedoesn'tremember15.WhydidKellystoppracticingcalligraphy?A.BecausethetuitionistooexpensiveB.It'stoodifficulttopracticecalligraphyC.Thereisnotenoughtime16.What'sJim'sadvicetoKelly?A.BepatientandpracticemoreB.PracticecalligraphyinyoursparetimeandsticktoitC.Youcanpracticeasaninterest17.Whatcanwelearnfromthedialogue?A.JimisinseniorthreenowandisgoingtotakepartinthecompetitionnextmonthB.KellylostconfidenceinherstudyandpreparedtotakethesingleentranceexaminationC.Thisconversationtookplaceatschool听第10段材料，回答第18-20题18.Whatisthemaincontentofthecompetition?A.WrestlingB.highjumpC.fencing19.Whatwillthefirstprizeoffencingwin?A.AcarB.ascarfC.30yuancoupon20.Whatisthecharacterofthespeaker?A.HumorB.seriousnessC.indifference第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A[CapitalBeijing-GongWangFu]GongWangFu+Shichahaiessencehalfdaytour[VisitthepalaceofPrinceGong[gardenofPrinceGong'smansion]WhichisafamousofficialoftheQingDynasty.Later,EmpressDowagerCixiawardedittoPrinceGongYiluo,andcalleditPrinceGong'smansion.Itisdividedintotwoparts:PrinceGong'smansionandgarden.ItisoneofthebestpreservedpalacesinBeijing.AfterthehistoricalprocessofQingDynastyfromprosperitytodecline,itcarriesextremelyrichhistoricalandculturalinformation,sothereisasayingthat"aroyalpalace,halfofthehistoryofQingDynasty".14:30,strollaround[ShichahaiScenicSpot],whichusedtobethebackgardenofQingDynastyprincesandnobles.Uptonow,therearestillmanypalaces,gardensandformerresidencesofcelebrities,andenjoythenaturallandscapeswithahundredyearhistory,suchas"YindingGuanshan","LiuanFenghe"andsoon.EnjoythemostbeautifulandprosperousplaceintheoldurbanareaofoldBeijing,whereyoucanfeelthecompleteatmosphereoftheoldBeijingHutongquadrangle(四合院).Whennightfalls,thebarsaroundShichahaiarefulloflights,givingyouadifferentglimpse(...的感受)ofBeijingatnight.Attheendofthetrip,thegroupbrokeup.[Warmtips]PleasearrangeyourluggageinadvanceValueaddedplay:FolkculturetourinoldBeijing:humanpoweredtricycletourinHutong(2people/vehicle)+visittooldBeijingOlympicfamily'scourtyard+performanceofoverpassartists'uniqueskillshall,150yuan/personforself-care.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.GongWangFuusedtobethebackgardenofprincesandnoblesintheQingDynastyB.InShichahaiScenicSpot,youcanfeeltheatmosphereofoldBeijingHutongC.ThecostofperformingintheuniqueskillsHallofoverpassartistsispaidbythetravelagencyD.ThesescenicspotsarethemostprosperousplacesinoldBeijing2.XiaoMing,hisparentsandhissisterwilltakepartinthistriptogether.HowmuchdoesitcosttotakeahumanpoweredtricycletourinHutong?A.150yuan B.75yuan C.300yuan D.Itdoesn’tcostmoney3.Wheremightthisarticlecomefrom?A.Inthenewspaper B.intheadvertisement C.onthetravelwebsite D.inthechatrecord【答案】1.B2.C3.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了宫王府和什刹海精华半日游的内容。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的“EnjoythemostbeautifulandprosperousplaceintheoldurbanareaofoldBeijing,whereyoucanfeelthecompleteatmosphereoftheoldBeijingHutongquadrangle(四合院).（享受老北京城区最美丽、最繁华的地方，在那里你可以感受到老北京胡同四合院的完整氛围。）”可知，游览什刹海景区是老北京最美丽繁华的地方，可以感受老北京胡同的气息。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“FolkculturetourinoldBeijing:humanpoweredtricycletourinHutong(2people/vehicle)+visittooldBeijingOlympicfamily'scourtyard+performanceofoverpassartists'uniqueskillshall,150yuan/personforself-care.（老北京民俗风情游:胡同人力三轮车游(2人/车)+老北京奥林匹克大家庭庭院参观+立交桥艺术家独特技艺馆表演，自理150元/人。）”可知，胡同人力三轮车是两人一车的，小明、小明的父母和妹妹总共四人，需要两辆车，且这是自费项目，故共计300元。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。A.Inthenewspaper报纸；B.intheadvertisement广告；C.onthetravelwebsite旅游网站；D.inthechatrecord聊天记录。根据“GongWangFu+Shichahaiessencehalfdaytour（宫王府和什刹海精华半日游）”可知，文章主要介绍了宫王府和什查海精华半日游的内容，此篇文章是关于旅游的，所以它来自旅游网站。故选C。【点睛】细节理解题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，同学们若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。例如本文第1题，根据“EnjoythemostbeautifulandprosperousplaceintheoldurbanareaofoldBeijing,whereyoucanfeelthecompleteatmosphereoftheoldBeijingHutongquadrangle(四合院).（享受老北京城区最美丽、最繁华的地方，在那里你可以感受到老北京胡同四合院的完整氛围。）”可知，游览什刹海景区是老北京最美丽繁华的地方，可以感受老北京胡同的气息。故选B。BTastememoryisakindofinterestingmemory.Itisnotonlythememoryofthesmellitself,butalsotheassociativememoryofthethingsrelatedtothesmellandtheemotionalmemoryrelatedtothejudgmentofthelikesanddislikesofthesmell.Inshort,whenwesmellafamiliarsmell,ourfirstreactionistosearchforthepossiblesourceofthesmellinourmemory-acertainkindoffood?Somekindofperfume?Someone?Someplace?Evenifwesmellastrangesmell,wewillsubconsciouslylookforthesmellsimilartothesmellinourmemory.Theparticularityoftasteisalsocloselyrelatedtooursurvivalinstinct-becausetasteisoftenassociatedwithfood.Itisanimportantsurvivalskilltojudgethefood'sedibilitybysmell.Ihavebeenexperimentingwithtasteaversion(厌恶)memoryforaperiodoftime-atastethathasneverbeenencounteredandcannotbeidentifiedassafe.Ifthereareadversephysiologicalreactionsaftereating,IwillinstinctivelyavoidthistastethenexttimeIencounterit.Thiskindofphenomenonwillberestrainedtoacertainextentwhenitcomestothefamiliartasteofsafety,whichiscalled"potentialinhibition",thatis,thedegreeofaversionwillbereduced.However,ifapersonisfamiliarwiththesafetasteandhasaveryseriousreaction,thistastewillbeassociatedwithpainfulmemory,thenevenifheknowsthatthetasteissafe,hewillalsoinvoluntarilyavoidthefoodoraffecthisappetite.Thisfullyshowsthattasteisnotasinglememory,butmixedwithalargenumberofothermemories."People'smemoryofsmellwillneverbeforgotten"-Idon'tknowtheoriginofthisproposition,andit'salsotooabsolutetosaythatitwillneverbeforgotten-infact,manydiseasesleadtopeople'sinabilitytosmellsmell,letalonetheirmemoryofsmell.However,duetotheparticularityoftaste,differenttastecannotonlycauseactivememory,butalsocauseavarietyofsubconsciousmemory,andalsobringavarietyofphysiologicalreactionsinthebody.Therefore,comparedwithotherkindsofmemory,itisnoteasytoforget,whichismorereasonable.4.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.TastememoryisasimplememoryforthesmellitselfB.TastememoryistheassociationandemotionalmemoryrelatedtothesmellC.TheparticularityoftasteiscloselyrelatedtooursurvivalinstinctD.Wewillsubconsciouslylookforsimilartasteinmemory,anditisthesamewhenwefeelstrangesmell5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiswrongintheexperimentoftasteaversionmemory?A.TastemayberememberedaloneB.ThepotentialinhibitionoccursinfamiliarandsafeenvironmentC.ThesafetasteinmemorymayalsohaveadversereactionsaftereatingD.Theaversionoffamiliartasteafteradversereactionwillbereduced6.Whatmighttheunderlinedwordsinthesecondparagraphmean?A.inspiteofoneself B.Freewill C.Autonomous D.Fromtheheart7.Whatisthebesttitleofthearticle?A.People'sperceptionofsmellB.TherelationshipbetweensmellandpeopleC.Willthememoryofsmellneverbeforgotten?D.Researchontastememory【答案】4.D5.A6.A7.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过研究结果来说明味觉与记忆之间的关系，不同的气味会引起主动记忆与潜意识记忆，还会在体内引起不同的生理反应，相比其他记忆，味觉记忆更不容易忘记。

【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Evenifwesmellastrangesmell,wewillsubconsciouslylookforthesmellsimilartothesmellinourmemory.(即使我们闻到一种奇怪气味，我们也会下意识地在记忆中寻找类似的气味。)”可知，当我们觉得气味很奇怪的时候也会下意识地在记忆中寻找类似的气味，故选D项。

【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Ihavebeenexperimentingwithtasteaversion(厌恶)memoryforaperiodoftime-atastethathasneverbeenencounteredandcannotbeidentifiedassafe.Ifthereareadversephysiologicalreactionsaftereating,IwillinstinctivelyavoidthistastethenexttimeIencounterit.Thiskindofphenomenonwillberestrainedtoacertainextentwhenitcomestothefamiliartasteofsafety,whichiscalled"potentialinhibition",thatis,thedegreeofaversionwillbereduced.However,ifapersonisfamiliarwiththesafetasteandhasaveryseriousreaction,thistastewillbeassociatedwithpainfulmemory,thenevenifheknowsthatthetasteissafe,hewillalsoinvoluntarilyavoidthefoodoraffecthisappetite.Thisfullyshowsthattasteisnotasinglememory,butmixedwithalargenumberofothermemories.(一段时间以来，我一直在试验一种味觉厌恶记忆——一种从未遇到过、也不能确定是否安全的味觉。如果在进食后有不良的生理反应，我将本能地避免下次遇到这种味道。这种现象当涉及到熟悉的安全口味时，就会受到一定程度的抑制，这被称为“潜在抑制”，即厌恶程度会降低。然而，如果一个人熟悉了安全的味道，并且有非常严重的反应，这种味道就会与痛苦的记忆联系在一起，那么即使他知道这种味道是安全的，他也会不由自主地避开该食物或影响自己的食欲。这充分说明，味觉不是单一的记忆，而是混杂着大量的其他记忆。)”可知B，C，D三项表达正确；味觉不是单一的记忆，而是混杂着大量的其他记忆，所以A项“味道可以被单独记住”表达错误，故选A项。

【6题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段“However,ifapersonisfamiliarwiththesafetasteandhasaveryseriousreaction,thistastewillbeassociatedwithpainfulmemory,thenevenifheknowsthatthetasteissafe,hewillalsoinvoluntarilyavoidthefoodoraffecthisappetite.Thisfullyshowsthattasteisnotasinglememory,butmixedwithalargenumberofothermemories.(然而，如果一个人熟悉了安全的味道，并且有非常严重的反应，这种味道就会与痛苦的记忆联系在一起，那么即使他知道这种味道是安全的，他也会involuntarily避开该食物或影响自己的食欲。这充分说明，味觉不是单一的记忆，而是混杂着大量的其他记忆)”可知，即使是熟悉的安全的但闻到之后具有严重的反应的味道是与不好的记忆联系在一起的，那么这种味道会让人“不由自主地”避开这种食物，或影响胃口，由此可知involuntarily表示“不由自主地”，A项“inspiteofoneself”表示“不由自主地”，故选A项。

【7题详解】标题判断题。文章第一段“Tastememoryisakindofinterestingmemory.Itisnotonlythememoryofthesmellitself,butalsotheassociativememoryofthethingsrelatedtothesmellandtheemotionalmemoryrelatedtothejudgmentofthelikesanddislikesofthesmell.(味觉记忆是一种有趣的记忆。它不仅是对气味本身的记忆，也是对与气味有关的事物的联想记忆和对气味的好恶判断的情感记忆。)”提出观点味觉记忆是对气味和其他相关事物的联想和气味好恶判断的情感记忆；第二段内容对此观点做了实验论证；第三段“"People'smemoryofsmellwillneverbeforgotten"-Idon'tknowtheoriginofthisproposition,andit'salsotooabsolutetosaythatitwillneverbeforgotten-infact,manydiseasesleadtopeople'sinabilitytosmellsmell,letalonetheirmemoryofsmell.However,duetotheparticularityoftaste,differenttastecannotonlycauseactivememory,butalsocauseavarietyofsubconsciousmemory,andalsobringavarietyofphysiologicalreactionsinthebody.Therefore,comparedwithotherkindsofmemory,itisnoteasytoforget,whichismorereasonable.(“人对气味的记忆是永远不会忘记的”——我不知道这个命题的由来，说永远不会忘记也太过绝对——其实很多疾病都导致了人的嗅觉能力的丧失，更不用说对气味的记忆了。然而，由于味觉的特殊性，不同的味觉不仅会引起主动记忆，还会引起各种潜意识记忆，还会给身体带来各种生理反应。因此，与其他类型的记忆相比，它是不容易忘记的，这更合理。)”得出这个观点的结论是气味会引起人的主动记忆和潜意识记忆，还会带来各种身体上的生理反应，相比其他记忆类型，气味记忆更不容易忘记，所以文章主要内容是关于味觉记忆的研究，D项“味觉记忆研究”可以概括文章大意，适合作为本文的标题，故选D项。

CEmploymentisthefoundationofpeople'slivelihood,oneendisconnectedwitheconomicdevelopment,andtheotherendisconnectedwiththousandsoffamilies.Itisastraightforwardexpressionofhavingpeopleinmindandresponsibilityinmindtodoagoodjobintheemploymentofgraduatesbyallmeans.Itisofgreatsignificancetoreleasetheannualreportofgraduates'employmentqualitytofindoutthedeepproblemsoftalentcultivation,toanalyzethesolutionstothestructuralcontradictionsofemployment,toplaninnovativedevelopmentpaths,topromotetheschool'stalentcultivationandthenationaldevelopmentstrategy,toresonatewiththethoughtsofteachers,students,parentsandemployers,andtopromotethecoordinateddevelopmentoftalentcultivationstructure,quality,characteristicsandscalesignificance.TheUniversityattachesgreatimportancetotheinvestigationandwritingofthegraduates'employmentqualityannualreport,andestablishesaspecialclasstocarryoutquestionnaireinvestigation,chartdataanalysis,languagelogicselfconsistencyandvisualcommunicationdesign.OnNovember4,2020,theUniversityissuedanonlinequestionnairetoallthegraduatesoftheyear2020.AsofNovember20,6757validquestionnaireshavebeencollected,accountingfor86.80%ofthetotalnumberofgraduates.Meanwhile,theUniversityconductedaquestionnairesurveyon319influentialemployerswhoreceivedourgraduatesinrecentthreeyears.Thisreportconsistsofsixsubreports,whicharerespectivelythescaleofgraduatesandthebasicsituationofemployment,theanalysisofgraduates'employmentresults,thefeedbackofgraduates'training,thefeedbackofemployersonthequalityofgraduates'training,theanalysisofdevelopmenttrendandtheanalysisofspecialtopics.Inparticular,2020Theannualreportofgraduates'employmentqualityinisnotonlysatisfiedwithshowingobjective"figures",butfocusesonprofessionalcertificationandotherwork.Fornormalgraduatesandnonnormalgraduates,theemployersineducationindustryandnoneducationindustrycarryoutdatastatisticsrespectively.Atthesametime,itfocuseson"comparativeanalysisofundergraduatenormalstudentsandnonnormalstudents","employmentanalysisofundergraduatepublicnormalstudents"and"independentevaluation""Entrepreneurshipanalysis"and"analysisofthesituationofunemployedgraduates"arefourmajortopics,whichdeeplyexcavatethe"digital"andrespondtotheconcernsofschoolsandsociety.Finally,Iwouldliketothankallthemanagersandresearcherswhoparticipatedinthewritingofthisreportandthereaderswhoreadthisreport.8.Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A.Leadtothetheme B.SummarizethearticleC.Introducingtheschool D.Introducetheannualprocess9.Whydoestheschoollaunchaquestionnairesurveyongraduates?A.LetthemevaluatetheschoolB.ToinvestigatethewhereaboutsandoccupationaftergraduationC.TracingthesourceoftheepidemicD.Socialandschoolrequirements10.Howmanypartsdoesthereportconsistof?A.3 B.4 C.5 D.611.Whatarethecharacteristicsofthe2020annualreportonGraduates'employmentquality?A.Fastandefficient B.NotjustcontentwithnumbersC.It'saveryindependentreport D.Ithasbeenstronglysupportedbythesocietyandschools【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.B【解析】本文为发言稿。本文就《2020年毕业生就业质量年度报告》进行了解读和评价。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Employmentisthefoundationofpeople'slivelihood,oneendisconnectedwitheconomicdevelopment,andtheotherendisconnectedwiththousandsoffamilies.(就业是民生之本，一端联系经济发展，另一端联系千家万户)”和“Itisofgreatsignificancetoreleasetheannualreportofgraduates'employmentquality...(发布毕业生就业质量年度报告对于....具有重要意义)”b并结合下文对中就业年度报告的分析可推断，在第一段中作者强调了就业的重要意义和发布毕业生就业质量年度报告的重要性，是为了引出对对本文主题《2020年毕业生就业质量年度报告》的介绍。故选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Meanwhile,theUniversityconductedaquestionnairesurveyon319influentialemployerswhoreceivedourgraduatesinrecentthreeyears.Thisreportconsistsofsixsubreports,whicharerespectivelythescaleofgraduatesandthebasicsituationofemployment,theanalysisofgraduates'employmentresults,thefeedbackofgraduates'training,thefeedbackofemployersonthequalityofgraduates'training,theanalysisofdevelopmenttrendandtheanalysisofspecialtopics(同时，学校对近三年接收我校毕业生的319家有影响力的用人单位进行了问卷调查。这份报告包括六部分子报告,分别为毕业生的规模和就业的基本情况,分析毕业生的就业结果,反馈毕业生的培训、毕业生的培训的反馈、雇主对毕业生培训质量的反馈、发展趋势的分析和专题分析)”可推断，学校对毕业生进行了问卷调查是为了调查他们毕业后的去向和职业，从而关注毕业生就业质量。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thisreportconsistsofsixsubreports,whicharerespectivelythescaleofgraduatesandthebasicsituationofemployment,theanalysisofgraduates'employmentresults,thefeedbackofgraduates'training,thefeedbackofemployersonthequalityofgraduates'training,theanalysisofdevelopmenttrendandtheanalysisofspecialtopic(这份报告包括六部分子报告,分别为毕业生的规模和就业的基本情况,分析毕业生的就业结果,反馈毕业生的培训、毕业生的培训的反馈、雇主对毕业生培训质量的反馈、发展趋势的分析和专题分析)”可知，该报告由六部分组成。故选D。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Inparticular,2020Theannualreportofgraduates'employmentqualityinisnotonlysatisfiedwithshowingobjective"figures",butfocusesonprofessionalcertificationandotherwork(特别指出的是，《2020年毕业生就业质量年度报告》不仅仅满足展示客观的“数字”，而且注重职业认证等工作)”和“…fourmajortopics,whichdeeplyexcavatethe"digital"andrespondtotheconcernsofschoolsandsociety(…四大主题，这是对“数字”的深度挖掘，回应学校和社会的关注).”可知，《2020年毕业生就业质量年度报告》不仅仅满足展示客观的“数字”，而是对其深度挖掘，并且注重职业认证等工作，故选B。D2019thenovelcoronaviruswasofficiallynamed2019-nCoVbyWHOinJanuary12,2020.Coronavirusisalargefamilyofviruses,knowntocausecolds,MiddleEastrespiratorysyndrome(mers),severeacuterespiratorysyndrome(SARS)andotherseriousdiseases.Anovelcoronavirusisanewstrainofcoronavirusthathasneverbeenfoundinhumanbodybefore.SinceDecember2019,surveillance(监控)ofinfluenza(流感)andrelateddiseaseshasbeencontinuouslycarriedoutinWuhanCity,HubeiProvince,andmultiplecasesofviralpneumonia(肺炎)havebeenfound,allofwhichwerediagnosed(诊断)asviralpneumonia/pulmonaryinfection.Thecommonsignsofcoronavirusinfectionincluderespiratorysymptoms,fever,cough,shortnessofbreathanddyspnea.Inmoreseverecases,infectioncanleadtopneumonia,severeacuterespiratorysyndrome,renalfailure,andevendeath.Thenovelcoronavirusinduceddiseaseisnotspecifictreatment.Butmanysymptomscanbetreated,soitneedstobetreatedaccordingtotheclinicalsituationofpatients.Inaddition,supplementarycareforinfectedpeoplecanbeveryeffective.Goodself-protectionincludes:maintainingbasichandandrespiratoryhygiene(呼吸道卫生),adheringtosafeeatinghabits,andavoidingclosecontactwithanyonewhoshowssymptomsofrespiratorydiseases(suchascoughingandsneezing).InAugust2020,thenovelcoronavirustransmissioncharacteristicswererevealedbythelatestresearchfindings:highcontagionandhighconcealment.InSeptember,theacademicianLiLanjuangroupoftheNationalKeyLaboratoryofinfectiousdiseasesdiagnosisandtreatmentinZhejiangUniversityandtheresearchgroupofLiXue,TsinghuaUniversitylifeschool,firstanalyzedthethree-dimensionalstructureofthewholenewvirusofthenewcoronavirus.InOctober,anewAustralianstudyshowedthatthenewcoronaviruscouldsurviveonthesurfaceofbanknotesandglassfornearlyamonth.OnDecember23,anothermoreinfectiousvariantofthenewcoronaviruswasdiscoveredintheUK.12.Whatinformationcanwelearnnovelcoronavirusaccordingtothisarticle?A.Ithasbeenfoundinhumansbefore. B.IthasspecifictherapiestobetreatedC.Afterinfectionwillsufferfromviralpneumonia D.Ithasnovariationatthemoment13.Howcanweprotectagainstthisvirus?A.KeepasafedistancefrompeoplewithrespiratorydiseasesB.Gooutmoreanddon'tstayinaconfinedspaceallthetimeC.TakerelateddrugsforimmunityD.Communicatewithinfectedpeopletoproduceantibodies(抗体)14.Whatisthepossiblemeaningoftheunderlinedword?A.arrangement B.region C.scenery D.space15.Whatcan'tweknowfromthelastparagraphofthearticle?A.Thethree-dimensionalstructureofnovelcoronaviruswholevirushasbeenanalyzedinternationally.B.ThenewcoronaviruscansurviveonthesurfaceofbanknotesandglassfornearlyonemonthC.Transmissioncharacteristicsofnewcoronavirus:highinfectivityandhighconcealmentD.Thevaccine(疫苗)forthenewcoronavirusisonthemarket【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新型冠状病毒，包括其常见症状、治疗、以及有关新型冠状病毒研究的一些最新成果等。12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“SinceDecember2019,surveillance(监控)ofinfluenza(流感)andrelateddiseaseshasbeencontinuouslycarriedoutinWuhanCity,HubeiProvince,andmultiplecasesofviralpneumonia(肺炎)havebeenfound,allofwhichwerediagnosed(诊断)asviralpneumonia/pulmonaryinfection.（自2019年12月以来，湖北省武汉市持续开展流感及相关疾病监测，发现多例病毒性肺炎病例，均诊断为病毒性肺炎/肺部感染。）可知，”感染上新冠病毒后，会引起感染后会患上病毒性肺炎，故选C项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Goodself-protectionincludes:maintainingbasichandandrespiratoryhygiene(呼吸道卫生),adheringtosafeeatinghabits,andavoidingclosecontactwithanyonewhoshowssymptomsofrespiratorydiseases(suchascoughingandsneezing).(良好的自我保护包括:保持基本的手和呼吸道卫生、坚持安全的饮食习惯、避免与呼吸道疾病的症状的人密切接触，如咳嗽和打喷嚏。)”可知，A项（与患有呼吸道疾病的人保持安全距离）是我们预防这种病毒的方式之一，故选A项。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据单词所在句“InSeptember,theacademicianLiLanjuangroupoftheNationalKeyLaboratoryofinfectiousdiseasesdiagnosisandtreatmentinZhejiangUniversityandtheresearchgroupofLiXue,TsinghuaUniversitylifeschool,firstanalyzedthethree-dimensionalstructureofthewholenewvirusofthenewcoronavirus.”可知，浙江大学传染病诊治国家重点实验室李兰娟院士课题组和清华大学生命学院李雪课题组首次对新型冠状病毒three-dimensional结构进行了分析。根据单词“three”和后面的名词structure，并结合文中给出的新型冠状病毒的结构图可以推断出，此处表示新型冠状病毒全病毒三维空间结构，故D项（空间）符合题意，故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“InAugust2020,thenovelcoronavirustransmissioncharacteristicswererevealedbythelatestresearchfindings:highcontagionandhighconcealment.（2020年8月，最新研究成果揭示了新型冠状病毒的传播特征:高传染性、高隐蔽性。）”可知，C项在文中有提及；根据“InOctober,anewAustralianstudyshowedthatthenewcoronaviruscouldsurviveonthesurfaceofbanknotesandglassfornearlyamonth.（今年10月，澳大利亚的一项新研究显示，新型冠状病毒可以在纸币和玻璃表面存活近一个月。）”可知，B项（新型冠状病毒可以在纸币和玻璃表面存活近一个月。）在文中有提及；根据“InSeptember,theacademicianLiLanjuangroupoftheNationalKeyLaboratoryofinfectiousdiseasesdiagnosisandtreatmentinZhejiangUniversityandtheresearchgroupofLiXue,TsinghuaUniversitylifeschool,firstanalyzedthethree-dimensionalstructureofthewholenewvirusofthenewcoronavirus.InOctober,anewAustralianstudyshowedthatthenewcoronaviruscouldsurviveonthesurfaceofbanknotesandglassfornearlyamonth.OnDecember23,anothermoreinfectiousvariantofthenewcoronaviruswasdiscoveredintheUK.(9月，浙江大学传染病诊治国家重点实验室李兰娟院士课题组和清华大学生命学院李雪课题组首次对新型冠状病毒全病毒的三维结构进行了分析。今年10月，澳大利亚的一项新研究显示，新型冠状病毒可以在纸币和玻璃表面存活近一个月。12月23日，英国又发现一种更具传染性的新型冠状病毒变种。)”可知，中国研究人员首次对新型冠状病毒全病毒的三维结构进行了分析，澳大利亚和英国对新型冠状病毒的研究也有新的进展，由此可知A项（国际上对新型冠状病毒全病毒的三维结构进行了分析。）表述正确；最后一段并未提及新冠病毒疫苗，D第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Theadventofhigh-techeraisstillbasedonthedevelopmentofhumanabilitytousetools.Fromancienttimes,___16___.Thepositiveaspectsoftheseabilitiesweredugoutbyhumansurvivalinstinct,whilethenegativeoneswereignoredbecausetheywereinsignificant.Whenorganizedcivilizationbegantoappearontheearth,peoplebegantomakevehicles.Onthepositiveside,___17___.Onthenegativeside,theymadetheburdenofslavesheavierandincreasedthepossibilityofcivilianuprisingDuringthealternationperiodbetweenthemiddleagesandthemodernworldinthe17thand19thcenturies,whentheindustrialrevolutionwasflourishing,thereweremanygreatinventionsinthehandsofhumanbeings,suchasthesteamengineandmanyfactories.___18___.Thepositivesideprovidedasolidfoundationforscientificexploration,greatlyenhancedthepower,andgreatlyenhancedthecarryingcapacity.Thenegativesideisthattheenvironmentalpollutionisgreatlyaggravated.Inthe20thcentury,mankindbegantousenuclearenergy,andtheadvantagesgainedfromthe17thto19thcenturiescontinuedtogrowsubstantially.____19____.Butatthesametime,thenegativeeffectswerealsoincreasingsecretly.Theleakageofnuclearenergymakestheeconomyofsomecountriesfacecollapse(suchasJapan),andaslongasaterroristhasmasteredthecodeforlaunchinganuclearbomb,humanlifeintheworldwillbeatstake.Inthe21stcentury,thepositiveandnegativeaspectsbroughtaboutbynucleardeterrencehavestabilizedandstoppedgrowing.___20___.Butthedisadvantagesareinevitable.Forexample,theInternetmakesmanynetizensaddictedtotheInternet,thenetworkcrimeisrampant,andthedevelopmentofartificialintelligencetoacertainextentmayproduceself-consciousness,anditispossibletoresisthumanbeingswithitshighintelligence.Asforthefollow-up,wecanonlyseehowhumanbeingsdecidetheirowndirectionA.humanbeingsbegantolearntousestoneaxestocutdowntreesanddrillwoodforfireB.Inaddition,nucleardeterrencestabilizedtheworldsituation,especiallywiththecomingofthenextWorldWarC.Therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantagesinscienceandtechnology.WeshouldtreattherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologywithcorrecteyesD.theymainlyenhancedthecarryingcapacityandhadmorefunctionsE.ThepositiveandnegativeaspectsincreasedinproportionF.However,theInternet,artificialintelligence,newenergydevelopmentandotheremergingfieldshavegreatlybenefitedmankindG.Soweshouldresistthebadfactorstopromotethefurtherdevelopmentofscienceandtechnology【答案】16.A17.D18.C19.B20.F【解析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了科技发展的历史，说明高科技时代的到来仍然是基于人类使用工具能力的发展，并阐述了不同阶段科技发展的优缺点。【1