会计学原理(双语)Chapter-9课件

AccountingforReceivablesChapter9AccountsReceivableC1Areceivableisanamountduefromanotherparty.Acompanymustalsomaintainaseparateaccountforeachcustomerthattrackshowmuchthatcustomerpurchases,hasalreadypaid,andstillowes.Thisgraphshowsrecentdollaramountsofreceivablesandtheirpercentoftotalassetsforfourwell-knowncompanies.SalesonCreditC1OnJuly1,TechComhadacreditsaleof$950toCompStoreandacollectionof$720fromRDAElectronicsfromapriorcreditsale.SalesonCreditC1CreditCardSalesAdvantagesofallowingcustomerstousecreditcards:Customers’credit信用isevaluatedbythecreditcardissuer.Therisksofextendingcreditaretransferredtothecreditcardissuer.Cashcollectionsarequicker.Salesincreasebyprovidingpurchaseoptionstothecustomer.C1CreditCardSalesC1OnJuly15,TechComhas$100ofcreditcardsaleswitha4%fee,andits$96cashisreceivedimmediatelyondeposit.CreditCardSalesC1IfinsteadTechCommustremitelectronicallythecreditcardsalesreceiptstothecreditcardcompanyandwaitforthe$96cashpayment,wewillmakethefirstentryonJuly15,andthesecondentryonJuly20,whenthecashisreceived.Amountsowedbycustomersfromcreditsalesforwhichpaymentisrequiredinperiodicamountsoveranextendedtimeperiod.Thecustomerisusuallychargedinterest.C1FordMotorCompanyreportsmorethan$70billionininstallmentreceivables.InstallmentAccountsReceivable

分期付款的应收帐款ValuingAccountsReceivableP1Therearetwomethodsofaccountingforbaddebts:DirectWrite-OffMethod直接冲销法AllowanceMethod备抵法Somecustomersmaynotpaytheiraccount.Uncollectibleamountsarereferredtoasbaddebts.DirectWrite-OffMethodP1TechComdeterminesonJanuary23thatitcannotcollect$520owedtoitbyitscustomerJ.Kent.Noticethatthespecificcustomerisnotedinthetransactionsowecanmaketheproperentryinthecustomer’sAccountsReceivablesubsidiaryledger.DirectWrite-OffMethod–

RecoveringaBadDebtOnMarch11,J.KentwasabletomakefullpaymenttoTechComfortheamountpreviouslywritten-off.P1Matchingvs.MaterialityP1Thedirectwrite-offmethodusuallydoesnotbestmatchsalesandexpenses.Thematching(expenserecognition)principlerequiresexpensestobereportedinthesameaccountingperiodasthesalestheyhelpedproduce.Materialitystatesthatanamountcanbeignoredifitseffectonthefinancialstatementsisunimportanttousers’businessdecisions.AllowanceMethodTwoadvantagestotheallowancemethod:Itrecordsestimatedbaddebtsexpenseintheperiodwhentherelatedsalesarerecorded.Itreportsaccountsreceivableonthebalancesheetattheestimatedamountofcashtobecollected.Attheendofeachperiod,estimatetotalbaddebtsexpectedtoberealizedfromthatperiod’ssales.P1RecordingBadDebtsExpenseTechComhadcreditsalesof$300,000duringitsfirstyearofoperations.Attheendofthefirstyear,$20,000ofcreditsalesremaineduncollected.Basedontheexperienceofsimilarbusinesses,TechComestimatedthat$1,500ofitsaccountsreceivablewouldbeuncollectible.P1BalanceSheetPresentationTechComhadcreditsalesof$300,000duringitsfirstyearofoperations.Attheendofthefirstyear,$20,000ofcreditsalesremaineduncollected.Basedontheexperienceofsimilarbusinesses,TechComestimatedthat$1,500ofitsaccountsreceivablewouldbeuncollectible.P1WritingOffaBadDebtTechComhasdeterminedthatJ.Kent’s$520accountisuncollectible.P1WritingOffaBadDebtThewrite-offdoesnotaffecttherealizablevalueofaccountsreceivable.P1RecoveringaBadDebtOnMarch11,Kentpaysinfullhis$520accountpreviouslywrittenoff.Tohelprestorecreditstanding,acustomersometimesvolunteerstopayallorpartoftheamountowedonanaccountevenafterithasbeenwrittenoff.P1EstimatingBadDebtsExpenseTwoMethods

PercentofSalesMethod销售额比例法AccountsReceivableMethods应收帐款法PercentofAccountsReceivable应收帐款比例法AgingofAccountsReceivable应收帐款帐龄分析法P2PercentofSalesMethodBaddebtsexpenseiscomputedasfollows:P2Musicland’saccountantcomputesestimatedBadDebtsExpenseof$2,400.PercentofSalesMethodP2Musiclandhascreditsalesof$400,000in2013.Itisestimatedthat0.6%ofcreditsaleswilleventuallyproveuncollectible.Let’slookatrecordingBadDebtsExpensefor2013.PercentofReceivablesMethodComputetheestimateoftheAllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts.

BadDebtsExpenseiscomputedas:TotalEstimatedBadDebtsExpense

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PreviousBalanceinAllowanceAccount=CurrentBadDebtsExpense

P2P2Musiclandhas$50,000inaccountsreceivableanda$200creditbalanceinAllowanceforDoubtfulAccountsonDecember31,2013.Pastexperiencesuggeststhat5%ofreceivablesareuncollectible.DesiredbalanceinAllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts.PercentofReceivablesMethodEachagegroupismultipliedbyitsestimatedbaddebtspercentage.Estimatedbaddebtsforeachgrouparetotaled.AgingofReceivablesMethodP2Classifyeachreceivablebyhow

longitispastdue.AgingofAccountsReceivableP2Musiclandhasanunadjustedcreditbalanceof$200intheallowanceaccount.Weestimatedtheproperbalancetobe$2,270.AgingofAccountsReceivableP2SummaryofMethodsP2NotesReceivableC2Apromissorynoteisawrittenpromisetopayaspecifiedamountofmoney,usuallywithinterest,eitherondemandoratadefinitefuturedate.ComputingMaturityandInterestThenoteisdueandpayableonOctober8.C2OnJuly10,TechComreceiveda$1,000,90-day,12%promissorynoteasaresultofasaletoJuliaBrowne.Thematuritydateofanoteisthedaythenote(principalandinterest)mustberepaid.Ifthenoteisexpressedindays,baseayearon360daysusingthe“banker’srule.”Evenformaturitieslessthanoneyear,therateisannualized.InterestComputationC2RecognizingNotesReceivableC2Toillustratetherecordingforthereceiptofanote,weusethe$1,000,90-day,12%promissorynotefromJuliaBrownetoTechCom.TechComreceivedthisnoteatthetimeofaproductsaletoJuliaBrowne.NotesreceivableareusuallyrecordedinasingleNotesReceivableaccounttosimplifyrecordkeeping.Theoriginalnotesarekeptonfile,includinginformationonthemaker,rateofinterest,andduedate.RecordinganHonoredNoteP3Theprincipalandinterestofanotearedueonitsmaturitydate.J.Cookhasa$600,15%,60-daynotereceivableduetoTechComonDecember4.RecordingaDishonoredNoteTechComholdsan$800,12%,60-daynoteofGregHart.Atmaturity,October14,Hartdishonorsthenote.P3Theactofdishonoringanotedoesnotrelievethemakeroftheobligationtorepaytheprincipalandinterestdue.RecordingEnd-of-Period

InterestAdjustmentsOnDecember16,TechComacceptsa$3,000,60-day,12%notefromacustomeringrantinganextensiononapast-dueaccount.WhenTechCom’saccountingperiodendsonDecember31,$15ofinteresthasaccruedonthenote.P3$3,000x12%x15/360=$15RecordingEnd-of-Period

InterestAdjustmentsRecordingcollectiononnoteatmaturity.P3$3,000x12%x60/360=$60DisposalofReceivablesC3Companiescanconvertreceivablestocashbeforetheyaredue.SellingReceivablesPledgingReceivablesGlobalViewValuingofReceivablesBothU.S.GAA