2023年 名校版高考英语阅读理解精读内测版含答案

2023年名校版高考英语阅读理解精读内测版含答案Weallknoweatingultra-processedfoodsthatmakeourliveseasier—suchassauces,andfrozenpizza—isn’tgoodforourhealth.Studieshavefoundtheycanraiseourriskofobesity,heartproblems,diabetesandcancer.Theymayevenshortenourlives.Now,anewstudyhasrevealedeatingmoreultra-processedfoodsmaycontributetooverallcognitivedecline,includingthebrainexecutivefunctioning—theabilitytoprocessinformationandmakedecisions.“Whileinneedoffurtherstudy,thenewresultsarequite

compelling

andemphasizethecriticalroleforpropernutritioninpreservingandpromotingbrainhealthandreducingriskforbraindiseases,“saidTanzi,professoratHarvardMedicalSchool.Hewasnotinvolvedinthestudybuthesaidinhisbook,“They,are,veryhighinsugar,saltandfat,promotingsystemicinflammation,perhapsthemostmajorthreattohealthyaging.Meanwhile,sincetheyareconvenientandquick,theyalsoreplacefiberfoodsimportantformaintainingthehealthandbalanceofbacteriainyourgut,”headded,“whichisparticularlyimportantforbrainhealthandreducingriskofage-relatedbraindiseaseslikeAlzheimer’Thestudy,presentedatthe2022Alzheimer’sAssociationInternationalConference,followedover10,000Braziliansfor10years.“InBrazil,ultra-processedfoodsmakeup25%to30%oftotalcalorieintake.WehaveMcDonald’sandBurgerKing.ItisnotverydifferentfrommanyotherWesterncountries,”saidcoauthorDr.Suemoto.Ultra-processedfoodsaredefinedas”industrialformulationsoffoodsubstancescontaininglittleornowholefoodsandtypicallyincludeflavorings,coloringsandotherchemicaladditives“accordingtothestudy.“Peopleconsumingover20%ofdailycaloriesfromprocessedfoodshada28%fasterdeclineinglobalcognitionanda25%fasterdeclineinexecutivefunctioningcomparedtopeoplewhonot,”saidstudycoauthorNatalia.Thoseinthestudywhoatethemostultra-processedfoodsware“morelikelytobeyounger,women,White,hadhighereducationandincomes,andweremorelikelytohaveneversmoked,”thestudyfound.“Peopleneedtoknowtheyshouldcookmore,”Suemotosaid.“Andit’sworthitbecauseyou’regoingtoprotectyourheartandguardyourbrain,”sheadded.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“compelling”meaninParagraph2?A.Convincing.B.Surprising.C.Suspicious.D.Invaluable.9.Whatdoweknowfromthepassage?A.WhoevernevercooksissuretodevelopAlzheimer.B.Ultra-processedfoodsonlyaffectyourexecutivefunction.C.TanziisthefirsttofindtheproblemwithUltra-processedfoods.D.Brazilians’calorieintakeisnotdifferentfrommostwesterners.10.Whoislikelytoeatmoreultra-processedfoods?A.Anoldbeggar.B.Aheavysmoker.C.Ayoungprofessor.D.Alow-incomeman.11.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A.Ultra-processedfoodscanharmyourhealth.B.FiberfoodscanreducetheriskofAlzheimer.C.Fiberfoodsmaymaintainthebalanceofbacteria.D.Ultra-processedfoodswillleadtocognitivedecline.ADCDTimothywasexhaustedforheworkedextendedhours.Althoughearningalowwageandhandlingill-manneredcustomers,healwaysputservingthosewhosatarehistableswellonthefrontburnerofhismindHewentabouthisdailydutiescarefully,puttingonasmilingfaceascustomerscomplainedaboutthefoodorquestionedthebill.Usuallyasnightdeepenpreparingtoclosethebusiness,hewouldnoticeacoupleofcustomerswalkin,sitdownandorderdrinks.Mostofthecrewhadleftbyclosingtime,butTimothystayedtoserve.Eventually,thelastroundwasorderedandbegavethemthebill.Theminimumtipwassuggestedonthereceipt.“Tomorrowwillbebetter,”hemurmured.Butluckwouldn’talwayssmileonhim.Eveningapproaching,agroupofteenagerssteppedin.Thankfully,theywerepoliteandrespectful.Theircheerfulbehaviorbegantoaffecthim.Asalways,hedidhisbesttomaketheirdiningexperienceapleasantone.Timedraggedonandtheyfinishedtheirdrinks.Heplacedthebillonthetable,accompaniedwithsomecandies.Thegroupplacedtheirnotesonthereceiptandleftsmiling.Whenhereturnedtoclearthetable,hewasastonished.Atipof$3wassittingthere,staringathim,buttheirtotalbillamountedto$100.He’dgoneaboveandbeyondtoservethem.Howcouldtheybesorude?Laterthatweek,hebattledtobrushofftheawkwardmemories.Hearrivedatworkandexpectedittobelikeanyotherday,buttherewassomethingleftonthedeskforhim,atwohandwrittenletterfromtheteenagerswith$18attached,inwhichtheyexplainedtheywereunawareofhowtotipappropriatelyduetoitbeingtheirfirsttimeinthisbar.Everythingsuddenlymadesense.Timothythumbedupwhattheydidwithabiggrinandhewassomovedbytheirgesturethatheuploadedapictureofthelettersharingtheiradmirableefforts.Thereactionwasmorethanpositive.4.WhatdidTimothyfocusoninhisjob?A.Gettingmoretips.B.WorkinglongerhoursC.Providingbetterservice.D.Beinganicercolleague.5.Whatmadetheteenagersleaveatipof$3?A.Dissatisfactionwiththedrinks.B.Ignoranceofthetippingculture.C.GratefulnesstoTimothy.D.Misunderstandingofthebill.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTimothy?A.Patientandhumorous.B.Positiveanddevoted.C.Generousandtolerant.D.Ambitiousandcreative.7.Whatcanwelearnfromtheteenagers?A.Onegoodturndeservesanother.B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C.Apologiesmakeforharmony.D.It’sgoodtomakethingsright.CBBDIntroducedspecieshaveabadreputation.Ithasbeenbelievedthatthespeciesmixinaparticularplaceshouldremainasunchangedaspossible.Butthisisjustanopinion.Otheropinionsarepossible.AstudypublishedrecentlybyDovSaxofBrownUniversity,thusaskshowthebenefitsofintroducedspeciesmightbebetterassessed,sothatopinionscanbemoreinformed.Specifically,heidentifiesseveralaspectsforthat.Initially,whetherintroducedspeciesprovidedirecthumanadvantageistakenintoaccount.Dr.Saxandhiscolleaguesignoredcrops,sincetheirbenefitsareobvious.Buttheyincludedtransplantedgrassspeciesthathavegonewild，yetprovidegrazing(牧草)fordomesticanimals,andintroducedforesttreesthatproducewoodforconstruction.Anotherfactoristheirpossiblebenefittotheecosystemintowhichtheintroductionhashappened.Suchintroductionissometimesmadetoreducetheriskofalocalisedspeciesbecomingextinct.Pyne’sgroundplum(李子)，nativetoahandfulofsitesinthecentralbasinsofTennesseebutnowtransplantedtoothers,fallsintothiscategory.Thelastvalueisexperiencedonanemotionalratherthanapracticallevel.Lotsofpeoplefeelgoodaboutnativewildlife,whichisgenerallythemainmotiveforitsconservation.Butthatfeel-goodfactorcanextendtointroducedspeciesaswell.Suchvaluecancutbothways,however.Forexample,ring-neckedparakeets,anAsianandAfricanspecies,havebeenspreadingthroughBritainforseveraldecades.Somefindthemacolourfuladditiontothelocalwildlife,othersanoisycompetitorfornativebirds.Inlightoftheiranalysis,Dr.Saxandhisteamthereforesuggestthatresearchersstudyingintroducedspeciesshouldinfuturecreateacleardistinctionintheirstudiesbetweenchangesthathavehappenedandjudgmentsaboutthevalueofthosechanges.Inaddition,whenmakingthosejudgments,theyshouldacknowledgealltypesofvalues,ratherthanfocusingnarrowlyononeortwoofthem.Thatdone,manyspecieswillsurelystillbeaccusedofpossibledamage.Butothers,badlythoughtofinthepast,maynot.8.WhatisDr.Sax’sstudyaimedtodo?A.Kecptrackofintroducedspecies.B.Getintroducedspeciesfullyunderstood.C.Compareopinionsonintroducedspecies.D.Identifyconsequencesofintroducingspecies.9.WhywasPyne’sgroundplumtransplantedtootherplaces?A.Toprovidegrazeforlocalanimals.B.Toproducewoodforconstruction.C.Tobuildanewlocalecosystem.DTosavelocalspeciesfromdyingout.10.Howdolocalpeoplereacttotheintroductionofring-neckedparakeets?A.Theydon’tcareaboutit.B.Theyconsideritacceptable.C.Theycan’tputupwithit.D.Theyholddividedopinionsonit.11.WhatdoesDr.Saxsuggesttothefutureresearchers?A.Focusingonmainvalues.B.Evaluatingevidentchanges.C.Analyzingpreviousresearches.D.Presentingall-roundassessments.BDDDThestudentsstandonapier(码头)overtheHarlemRiverinNewYorkCity.Theystaredownintothebrownwater.

Theirteacher,Mr.Rodman,pullsalongropeoutoftheriver.Fastenedtotheendoftheropeisametalcageandinsideareoysters(牡蛎).Takingturns,thestudentsmeasurealltheoysters,andthencomparenotes.Thebiggestoysterisover2incheslong,muchbiggerthanahealthysizeforitsage!Theyalsomeasurethelevelofoxygen.Asmoreoystersgrow,thewatershouldbecomeclearerandholdmoreoxygen.Also,otheranimalsshouldmovein.Oystersaresoft-bodiedanimals,andsharetheunderwatercommunitywithplants,fish,andotherlife.

Theyarefoodforcrabsandotheranimals.Asnewoystersgrow,theyattachtheirshellstoolderones，formingbigreefswithmanysmallspaceswhereotheranimalslive.Oysterseatalgae(藻类).Ifalgaegrowtoofast，theycandecreaseoxygenfromthewater-andevenfishneedoxygentobreathe!Butwhathappenedtotheoysters100yearsagoinNewYorkHarbor?Beforethen,lotsofoysterslivedinthesewaters.

Theywereshippedtorestaurantsaroundtheworld.Bytheearly1900s,peoplewereeatingthemfasterthantheycouldgrow.Pollutionwaspouringintothewaters.Theharborbecameseriouslypolluted.Sincethe1970s,newlawshavehelpedreducepoisonouswaste.Somefishstartedtoswimthroughagain.Butoysterswerestillmissing-untilrecently.TheBillionOysterProjectbeganin2014tohelpbringoystersbacktoNewYorkHarbor.Theprojecthasrecruited(招募)morethan6,500studentsat