模块VUnit语法专题培训公开课一等奖市优质课赛课获奖课件

定语从句一、定语从句的引导词考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分典句例示关系代词与关系副词的判定who人主语、宾语(限制性定语从句可省略)Ishethemanwhowantstoseeyou？whom人宾语(限制性定语从句可省略)HeisthemanwhomIsawyesterday.whose(＝ofwhom＝ofwhich)人或物定语Doyouknowtheboywhosefatherisanengineer？Helivesinahousewhosewindows(thewindowsofwhich)facesouth.考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分典句例示关系代词与关系副词的判定which物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句可省略)Aspecialschoolwhichwasbuiltlastyearisnearmyhome.Thepackage(which)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.that人或物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句可省略，不引导非限制性定语从句)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Idon'tknowtheman(that)youmentioned.as人或物(在非限制性定语从句中也可指代整个句子)主语、宾语、表语Asweknow，smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Iwanttoreadsuch/thesameabookasyouread.Heisnotthesamemanashewas.考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分典句例示关系代词与关系副词的判定when(＝适当介词＋which)时间时间状语Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.where(＝适当介词＋which)地点地点状语Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.why(＝forwhich)原因原因状语Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer？考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分典句例示关系代词与关系副词的判定1.表示时间、地点、原因的先行词作定语从句中谓语动词的主语、宾语时，应用that或which，作宾语时，that/which也可省略。2.当先行词是case，condition，situation，position，point，stage等名词，表示情况、方面、处境时用关系副词where。Idon'tbelievethereason(which/that)hewaslateforschoolfor.Idon'tbelievethereason(which/that)hegaveme.Hehadtofacetheconditionwherepressurewasheavy.当先行词way意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词有inwhich，that或不用任何关系词这三种形式；way不作“方式，方法”解时，其定语从句的引导词用that或which，引导词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。Theway(that/inwhich)heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.(关系词在从句中作状语，相当于inthis/thatway)Theway(that/which)heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.(关系代词that/which在从句中作宾语)Theway(that/which)heshowedusleadstothesmallvillage.(way意为“道路”)【温馨提示】1.如何选择关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词；而不及物动词则用关系副词。方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主语、宾语、状语)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。2．定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致(1)oneof＋复数名词＋关系代词＋复数动词(2)theonlyoneof＋复数名词＋关系代词＋单数动词二、关系代词的用法区别及“介词＋关系代词”几组关系代词的区别用that不用whichAllthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Pleasegetreadyforeverything(that)weneed.先行词是all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none时ThisistheverybookthatI'mlookingfor.Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.先行词被only，any，few，no，very，little等修饰时Thisisthebestmethodthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.先行词是形容词最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时Theyoftentalkaboutthepeopleandthethingsthattheyareinterestedin.先行词为人、物并用时Whichisthebikethatyoulost？当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时Ourhometownisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时典句例示用法点击几组关系代词的区别thesame...as与thesame...thatSheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary'swedding.thesame...as...表示相似的东西thesame...that...表示同一人或物such/so...as与such/so...thatThisissuchaneasyquestionasIcananswer.ThisissuchaneasyquestionthatIcananswerit.such/so...as(定语从句)像……那样such/so...that(状语从句)如此……以至于as与whichAvatarisaverysuccessfulfilm，asisknowntoall.Asweallknow，TaiwanbelongstoChina.Thesportsmeetingwasputoff，whichastonishedus.as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；which引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后。as意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report等。典句例示用法点击介词＋关系代词Pleasepassmethebook，thecoverofwhichisblue.名(代)词＋介词＋关系代词(一般作主语)Hehastencousins，threeofwhomareclever.Hehastencousins，theyoungestofwhomisclever.数词或形容词最高级＋of＋关系代词(一般作主语)Thisisthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.介词＋关系代词(一般作状语)Jackwasafamousdoctor，withthehelpofwhomtheysucceededinanoperation.介词短语＋关系代词(一般作状语)Shesufferedfromillness，inwhichcaseherhusbandhadtostayhome.介词＋which＋名词(一般在句中作状语)Heisthemanfromwhosehousethepictureswerestolen.介词＋whose＋名词(一般作状语)Hehidhimselfbehindthedoor，fromwherehesawwhatwashappening.(fromwhere＝frombehindthedoor)fromwhere为“介词＋关系副词”结构，但也可以引导定语从句，“介词＋关系代词”中的介词可根据先行词或定语从句中的动词短语进行判断。典句例示用法点击特殊定语从句Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvitedtotheimportantball.分裂式定语从句(先行词与关系代(副)词分隔)Hemadeanothergreatdiscovery，whichIthinkisveryimportanttoscience.插入式定语从句(关系代词与从句中插入一个句子)IintendtomakefriendswithaFrenchmanfromwhomtoimprovemyFrench.省略式定语从句(介词＋关系代词＋不定式)1．(2010·全国I卷)Asachild，Jackstudiedinavillageschool，________isnamedafterhisgrandfather.A．whichB．whereC．what D．that【解析】句意：小时候，杰克在一所乡村学校读书，那所学校是以他祖父的名字命名的。先行词是avillageschool，代入定语从句后为“Thevillageschoolisnamedafterhisgrandfather.”，由此可见先行词在定语从句中作主语，且该从句为非限制性定语从句，故用which引导。【答案】A2．(2010·山东高考)That'sthenewmachine________partsaretoosmalltobeseen.A．that B．whichC．whose D．what【解析】句意：那就是那台零部件小得看不见的新机器。分析句子成分可知空格后部分是定语从句，关系词在从句中作定语，因而使用whose。【答案】C3．(2010·上海高考)Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy________wemayreturninthenearfuture.A．onwhich B．bywhichC．towhich D．fromwhich【解析】句意：风力是很古老的一种能源，不久的将来我们也许会再利用它。returnto“重新利用”，属于固定搭配，故排除含有介词on，by和from的A、B、D项。【答案】C4．(2010·北京高考)Childrenwhoarenotactiveor________dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.A．what B．whoseC．which D．that【解析】句意：一些不是很活跃，或者他们的饮食中脂肪含量太高的孩子会很快长胖。先行词为children，or连接两个并列的定语从句，第一个定语从句的引导词为who，第二个引导词为考查点，先行词children在第二个定语从句中与从句中的主语diet形成所属关系：children'sdiet，故选B项。【答案】B5．(2010·陕西高考)Theoldtemple________roofwasdamagedinastormisnowunderrepair.A．where B．whichC．its D．whose【解析】句意：那座在暴风雨中屋顶受损的古庙现在正在修复当中。此句先行词是theoldtemple，代入定语从句后为：Theoldtemple'sroofwasdamagedinastorm.由此可知先行词在定语从句中作定语，故用关系代词whose引导。【答案】D6．(2010·江西高考)Thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcentrewithhersister________shewouldstayforanhour.A．where B．whoC．which D．what【解析】句意：这个女孩准备在培训中心和她姐姐一起上钢琴课，在那里她将待一小时。先行词为thetrainingcentre，从句中缺少地点状语，故选where。【答案】A7．(2010·福建高考)StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet________lifehasdevelopedgradually.A．that B．whereC．which D．whose【解析】句意：史蒂芬·霍金认为，地球可能不是唯一有生命进化的行星。where在此引导定语从句，在从句中作状语，相当于ontheplanet。【答案】B8．(2010·浙江高考)Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people，manyof________lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.A．whom B．whichC．them D．those【解析】句意：近千人在这一个小社区居住，他们当中很多都是从农村老家来城市寻求更好的日子的。先行词为1,000people，代入定语从句为manyof1,000peoplelefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity，关系代词在从句中作介词of的宾语且指人，故用whom。【答案】A9．(2010·重庆高考)InChina，thenumberofcitiesisincreasing________developmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.A．where B．whichC．whose D．that【解析】句意：在中国，城市的数量在快速地增加，其发展被世界所公认。先行词为cities，代入定语从句后为：Thecities'developmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作定语，故用whose。【答案】C10．(2010·江苏高考)Thenewly­builtcafe，thewallsof________arepaintedlightgreen，isreallyapeacefulplaceforus，especiallyafterhardwork.A．that B．itC．what D．which【解析】句意：这家新建的墙体被涂成浅绿色的咖啡厅对我们而言确实是个安静场所，尤其是在辛苦工作之后。先行词为thenewly­builtcafe，代入定语从句为thewallsofthenewly­builtcafearepaintedlightgreen，因为关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语且指物，故用which。【答案】D11．(2010·湖南高考)I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool________ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.A．who B．whereC．when D．which【解析】句意：我已经成为去年在英语演讲比赛中所遇到的我校几位学生的好朋友。先行词为severalofthestudents，代入定语从句后为：ImetseveralofthestudentsintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作宾语，先行词指人，故用who/whom/that引导。【答案】A12．(2010·全国Ⅱ卷)Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething____