联合国国际货物销售合同范本公约(英文)

联合国国际货物销售合同范本公约(英文)联合国国际货物销售合同范本公约(英文)

unitednationsconventiononcontractsfortheinternationalsaleofgoods

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thestatespartiestothisconvention,

bearinginmindthebroadobjectivesintheresolutionsadoptedbythesixthspecialsessionofthegeneralassemblyoftheunitednationsontheestablishmentofanewinternationaleconomicorder,

consideringthatthedevelopmentofinternationaltradeonthebasisofequalityandmutualbenefitisanimportantelementinpromotingfriendlyrelationsamongstates,

beingoftheopinionthattheadoptionofuniformruleswhichgoverncontractsfortheinternationalsaleofgoodsandtakeintoaccountthedifferentsocial,economicandlegalsystemswouldcontributetotheremovaloflegalbarriersininternationaltradeandpromotethedevelopmentofinternationaltrade,

havedecreedasfollows:

partisphereofapplicationandgeneralprovisions

partiiformationofthecontract

partiiisaleofgoods

partivfinalprovisions

partisphereofapplicationandgeneralprovisions

chapterisphereofapplication

article1

(1)thisconventionappliestocontractsofsaleofgoodsbetweenpartieswhoseplacesofbusinessareindifferentstates:

(a)whenthestatesarecontractingstates;or

(b)whentherulesofprivateinternationallawleadtotheapplicationofthelawofacontractingstate.

(2)thefactthatthepartieshavetheirplacesofbusinessindifferentstatesistobedisregardedwheneverthisfactdoesnotappeareitherfromthecontractorfromanydealingsbetween,orfrominformationdisclosedby,thepartiesatanytimebeforeorattheconclusionofthecontract.

(3)neitherthenationalityofthepartiesnorthecivilormercialcharacterofthepartiesorofthecontractistobetakenintoconsiderationindeterminingtheapplicationofthisconvention.

article2

thisconventiondoesnotapplytosales:

(a)ofgoodsboughtforpersonal,familyorhouseholduse,unlesstheseller,atanytimebeforeorattheconclusionofthecontract,neitherknewnoroughttohaveknownthatthegoodswereboughtforanysuchuse;

(b)byauction;

(c)onexecutionorotherwisebyauthorityoflaw;

(d)o

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联合国国际货物销售合同范本公约(英文)

fstocks,shares,investmentsecurities,negotiableinstrumentsormoney;

(e)ofships,vessels,hovercraftoraircraft;

(f)ofelectricity.

article3

(1)contractsforthesupplyofgoodstobemanufacturedorproducedaretobeconsideredsalesunlessthepartywhoordersthegoodsundertakestosupplyasubstantialpartofthematerialsnecessaryforsuchmanufactureorproduction.

(2)thisconventiondoesnotapplytocontractsinwhichthepreponderantpartoftheobligationsofthepartywhofurnishesthegoodsconsistsinthesupplyoflabourorotherservices.

article4

thisconventiongovernsonlytheformationofthecontractofsaleandtherightsandobligationsofthesellerandthebuyerarisingfromsuchacontract.inparticular,exceptasotherwiseexpresslyprovidedinthisconvention,itisnotconcernedwith:

(a)thevalidityofthecontractorofanyofitsprovisionsorofanyusage;

(b)theeffectwhichthecontractmayhaveonthepropertyinthegoodssold.

article5

thisconventiondoesnotapplytotheliabilityofthesellerfordeathorpersonalinjurycausedbythegoodstoanyperson.

article6

thepartiesmayexcludetheapplicationofthisconventionor,subjecttoarticle12,derogatefromorvarytheeffectofanyofitsprovisions.

chapteriigeneralprovisions

article7

(1)intheinterpretationofthisconvention,regardistobehadtoitsinternationalcharacterandtotheneedtopromoteuniformityinitsapplicationandtheobservanceofgoodfaithininternationaltrade.

(2)questionsconcerningmattersgovernedbythisconventionwhicharenotexpresslysettledinitaretobesettledinconformitywiththegeneralprinciplesonwhichitisbasedor,intheabsenceofsuchprinciples,inconformitywiththelawapplicablebyvirtueoftherulesofprivateinternationallaw.

article8

(1)forthepurposesofthisconventionstatementsmadebyandotherconductofapartyaretobeinterpretedaccordingtohisintentwheretheotherpartykneworcouldnothavebeenunawarewhatthatintentwas.

(2)iftheprecedingparagraphisnotapplicable,statementsmadebyandotherconductofapartyaretobeinterpretedaccordingtotheunderstandingthatareasonablepersonofthesamekindastheotherpartywouldhavehadinthe

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联合国国际货物销售合同范本公约(英文)

samecircumstances.

(3)indeterminingtheintentofapartyortheunderstandingareasonablepersonwouldhavehad,dueconsiderationistobegiventoallrelevantcircumstancesofthecaseincludingthenegotiations,anypracticeswhichthepartieshaveestablishedbetweenthemselves,usagesandanysubsequentconductoftheparties.

article9

(1)thepartiesareboundbyanyusagetowhichtheyhaveagreedandbyanypracticeswhichtheyhaveestablishedbetweenthemselves.

(2)thepartiesareconsidered,unlessotherwiseagreed,tohaveimpliedlymadeapplicabletotheircontractoritsformationausageofwhichthepartieskneworoughttohaveknownandwhichininternationaltradeiswidelyknownto,andregularlyobservedby,partiestocontractsofthetypeinvolvedintheparticulartradeconcerned.

article10

forthepurposesofthisconvention:

(a)ifapartyhasmorethanoneplaceofbusiness,theplaceofbusinessisthatwhichhastheclosestrelationshiptothecontractanditsperformance,havingregardtothecircumstancesknowntoorcontemplatedbythepartiesatanytimebeforeorattheconclusionofthecontract;

(b)ifapartydoesnothaveaplaceofbusiness,referenceistobemadetohishabitualresidence.

article11

acontractofsaleneednotbeconcludedinorevidencedbywritingandisnotsubjecttoanyotherrequirementastoform.itmaybeprovedbyanymeans,includingwitnesses.

article12

anyprovisionofarticle11,article29orpartiiofthisconventionthatallowsacontractofsaleoritsmodificationorterminationbyagreementoranyoffer,acceptanceorotherindicationofintentiontobemadeinanyformotherthaninwritingdoesnotapplywhereanypartyhashisplaceofbusinessinacontractingstatewhichhasmadeadeclarationunderarticle96ofthisconvention.thepartiesmaynotderogatefromorvarytheeffectorthisarticle.

article13

forthepurposesofthisconvention"writing"includestelegramandtelex.

partiiformationofthecontract

article14

(1)aproposalforconcludingacontractaddressedtooneormorespecificpersonsconstitutesanofferifitissufficientlydefiniteandindicatestheintentionoftheofferortobeboundincaseofacceptance.aproposalissufficientlydefiniteifitindicatesthegoodsande

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联合国国际货物销售合同范本公约(英文)

xpresslyorimplicitlyfixesormakesprovisionfordeterminingthequantityandtheprice.

(2)aproposalotherthanoneaddressedtooneormorespecificpersonsistobeconsideredmerelyasaninvitationtomakeoffers,unlessthecontraryisclearlyindicatedbythepersonmakingtheproposal.

article15

(1)anofferbeeseffectivewhenitreachestheofferee.

(2)anoffer,evenifitisirrevocable,maybewithdrawnifthewithdrawalreachestheoffereebeforeoratthesametimeastheoffer.

article16

(1)untilacontractisconcludedanoffermayberevokediftherevocationreachestheoffereebeforehehasdispatchedanacceptance.

(2)however,anoffercannotberevoked:

(a)ifitindicates,whetherbystatingafixedtimeforacceptanceorotherwise,thatitisirrevocable;or

(b)ifitwasreasonablefortheoffereetorelyontheofferasbeingirrevocableandtheoffereehasactedinrelianceontheoffer.

article17

anoffer,evenifitisirrevocable,isterminatedwhenarejectionreachestheofferor.

article18

(1)astatementmadebyorotherconductoftheoffereeindicatingassenttoanofferisanacceptance.silenceorinactivitydoesnotinitselfamounttoacceptance.

(2)anacceptanceofanofferbeeseffectiveatthemomenttheindicationofassentreachestheofferor.anacceptanceisnoteffectiveiftheindicationofassentdoesnotreachtheofferorwithinthetimehehasfixedor,ifnotimeisfixed,withinareasonabletime,dueaccountbeingtakenofthecircumstancesofthetransaction,includingtherapidityofthemeansofmunicationemployedbytheofferor.anoraloffermustbeacceptedimmediatelyunlessthecircumstancesindicateotherwise.

(3)however,if,byvirtueoftheofferorasaresultofpracticeswhichthepartieshaveestablishedbetweenthemselvesorofusage,theoffereemayindicateassentbyperforminganact,suchasonerelatingtothedispatchofthegoodsorpaymentoftheprice,withoutnoticetotheofferor,theacceptanceiseffectiveatthemomenttheactisperformed,providedthattheactisperformedwithintheperiodoftimelaiddownintheprecedingparagraph.

article19

(1)areplytoanofferwhichpurportstobeanacceptancebutcontainsadditions,limitationsorothermodificationsisarejectionoftheoff

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联合国国际货物销售合同范本公约(英文)

erandconstitutesacounter-offer.

(2)however,areplytoanofferwhichpurportstobeanacceptancebutcontainsadditionalordifferenttermswhichdonotmateriallyalterthetermsoftheofferconstitutesanacceptance,unlesstheofferor,withoutunduedelay,objectsorallytothediscrepancyordispatchesanoticetothateffect.ifhedoesnotsoobject,thetermsofthecontractarethetermsoftheofferwiththemodificationscontainedintheacceptance.

(3)additionalordifferenttermsrelating,amongotherthings,totheprice,payment,qualityandquantityofthegoods,placeandtimeofdelivery,extentofonepartysliabilitytotheotherorthesettlementofdisputesareconsideredtoalterthetermsoftheoffermaterially.

article20

(1)aperiodoftimeforacceptancefixedbytheofferorinatelegramoraletterbeginstorunfromthemomentthetelegramishandedinfordispatchorfromthedateshownontheletteror,ifnosuchdateisshown,fromthedateshownontheenvelope.aperiodoftimeforacceptancefixedbytheofferorbytelephone,telexorothermeansofinstantaneousmunication,beginstorunfromthemomentthattheofferreachestheofferee.

(2)officialholidaysornon-businessdaysoccurringduringtheperiodforacceptanceareincludedincalculatingtheperiod.however,ifanoticeofacceptancecannotbedeliveredattheaddressoftheofferoronthelastdayoftheperiodbecausethatdayfallsonanofficialholidayoranon-businessdayattheplaceofbusinessoftheofferor,theperiodisextendeduntilthefirstbusinessdaywhichfollows.

article21

(1)alateacceptanceisneverthelesseffectiveasanacceptanceifwithoutdelaytheofferororallysoinformstheoffereeordispatchesanoticetothateffect.

(2)ifaletterorotherwritingcontainingalateacceptanceshowsthatithasbeensentinsuchcircumstancesthatifitstransmissionhadbeennormalitwouldhavereachedtheofferorinduetime,thelateacceptanceiseffectiveasanacceptanceunless,withoutdelay,theofferororallyinformstheoffereethatheconsidershisofferashavinglapsedordispatchesanoticetothateffect.

article22

anacceptancemaybewithdrawnifthewithdrawalreachestheofferorbeforeoratthesametimeastheacceptancewouldhavebeeeffective.

article23

acontractisconcluded

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联合国国际货物销售合同范本公约(英文)

atthemomentwhenanacceptanceofanofferbeeseffectiveinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisconvention.

article24

forthepurposesofthispartoftheconvention,anoffer,declarationofacceptanceoranyotherindicationofintention"reaches"theaddresseewhenitismadeorallytohimordeliveredbyanyothermeanstohimpersonally,tohisplaceofbusinessormailingaddressor,ifhedoesnothaveaplaceofbusinessormailingaddress,tohishabitualresidence.

partiiisaleofgoods

chapterigeneralprovisions

article25

abreachofcontractmittedbyoneofthepartiesisfundamentalifitresultsinsuchdetrimenttotheotherpartyassubstantiallytodeprivehimofwhatheisentitledtoexpectunderthecontract,unlessthepartyinbreachdidnotforeseeandareasonablepersonofthesamekindinthesamecircumstanceswouldnothaveforeseensucharesult.

article26

adeclarationofavoidanceofthecontractiseffectiveonlyifmadebynoticetotheotherparty.

article27

unlessotherwiseexpresslyprovidedinthispartoftheconvention,ifanynotice,requestorothermunicationisgivenormadebyapartyinaccordancewiththispartandbymeansappropriateinthecircumstances,adelayorerrorinthetransmissionofthemunicationoritsfailuretoarrivedoesnotdeprivethatpartyoftherighttorelyonthemunication.

article28

if,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisconvention,onepartyisentitledtorequireperformanceofanyobligationbytheotherparty,acourtisnotboundtoenterajudgementforspecificperformanceunlessthecourtwoulddosounderitsownlawinrespectofsimilarcontractsofsalenotgovernedbythisconvention.

article29

(1)acontractmaybemodifiedorterminatedbythemereagreementoftheparties.

(2)acontractinwritingwhichcontainsaprovisionrequiringanymodificationorterminationbyagreementtobeinwritingmaynotbeotherwisemodifiedorterminatedbyagreement.however,apartymaybeprecludedbyhisconductfromassertingsuchaprovisiontotheextentthattheotherpartyhasreliedonthatconduct.

chapteriiobligationsoftheseller

article30

thesellermustdeliverthegoods,handoveranydocumentsrelatingtothemandtransferthepropertyinthegoods,a

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联合国国际货物销售合同范本公约(英文)

srequiredbythecontractandthisconvention.

sectioni.deliveryofthegoodsandhandingoverofdocuments

article31

ifthesellerisnotboundtodeliverthegoodsatanyotherparticularplace,hisobligationtodeliverconsists:

(a)ifthecontractofsaleinvolvescarriageofthegoods-inhandingthegoodsovertothefirstcarrierfortransmissiontothebuyer;

(b)if,incasesnotwithintheprecedingsubparagraph,thecontractrelatestospecificgoods,orunidentifiedgoodstobedrawnfromaspecificstockortobemanufacturedorproduced,andatthetimeoftheconclusionofthecontractthepartiesknewthatthegoodswereat,orweretobemanufacturedorproducedat,aparticularplace-inplacingthegoodsatthebuyersdisposalatthatplace;

(c)inothercases-inplacingthegoodsatthebuyersdisposalattheplacewherethesellerhadhisplaceofbusinessatthetimeoftheconclusionofthecontract.

article32

(1)iftheseller,inaccordancewiththecontractorthisconvention,handsthegoodsovertoacarrierandifthegoodsarenotclearlyidentifiedtothecontractbymarkingsonthegoods,byshippingdocumentsorotherwise,thesellermustgivethebuyernoticeoftheconsignmentspecifyingthegoods.

(2)ifthesellerisboundtoarrangeforcarriageofthegoods,hemustmakesuchcontractsasarenecessaryforcarriagetotheplacefixedbymeansoftransportationappropriateinthecircumstancesandaccordingtotheusualtermsforsuchtransportation.

(3)ifthesellerisnotboundtoeffectinsuranceinrespectofthecarriageofthegoods,hemust,atthebuyersrequest,providehimwithallavailableinformationnecessarytoenablehimtoeffectsuchinsurance.

article33

thesellermustdeliverthegoods:

(a)ifadateisfixedbyordeterminablefromthecontract,onthatdate;

(b)ifaperiodoftimeisfixedbyordeterminablefromthecontract,atanytimewithinthatperiodunlesscircumstancesindicatethatthebuyeristochooseadate;or

(c)inanyothercase,withinareasonabletimeaftertheconclusionofthecontract.

article34

ifthesellerisboundtohandoverdocumentsrelatingtothegoods,hemusthandthemoveratthetimeandplaceandintheformrequiredbythecontract.ifthesellerhashandedoverdocumentsbeforethat

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联合国国际货物销售合同范本公约(英文)

time,hemay,uptothattime,cureanylackofconformityinthedocuments,iftheexerciseofthisrightdoesnotcausethebuyerunreasonableinconvenienceorunreasonableexpense.however,thebuyerretainsanyrighttoclaimdamagesasprovidedforinthisconvention.

sectionii.conformityofthegoodsandthirdpartyclaims

article35

(1)thesellermustdelivergoodswhichareofthequantity,qualityanddescriptionrequiredbythecontractandwhicharecontainedorpackagedinthemannerrequiredbythecontract.

(2)exceptwherethepartieshaveagreedotherwise,thegoodsdonotconformwiththecontractunlessthey:

(a)arefitforthepurposesforwhichgoodsofthesamedescriptionwouldordinarilybeused;

(b)arefitforanyparticularpurposeexpresslyorimpliedlymadeknowntotheselleratthetimeoftheconclusionofthecontract,exceptwherethecircumstancesshowthatthebuyerdidnotrely,orthatitwasunreasonableforhimtorely,onthesellersskillandjudgement;

(c)possessthequalitiesofgoodswhichthesellerhasheldouttothebuyerasasampleormodel;

(d)arecontainedorpackagedinthemannerusualforsuchgoodsor,wherethereisnosuchmanner,inamanneradequatetopreserveandprotectthegoods.

(3)thesellerisnotliableundersubparagraphs(a)to(d)oftheprecedingparagraphforanylackofconformityofthegoodsifatthetimeoftheconclusionofthecontractthebuyerkneworcouldnothavebeenunawareofsuchlackofconformity.

article36

(1)thesellerisliableinaccordancewiththecontractandthisconventionforanylackofconformitywhichexistsatthetimewhentheriskpassestothebuyer,eventhoughthelackofconformitybeesapparentonlyafterthattime.

(2)thesellerisalsoliableforanylackofconformitywhichoccursafterthetimeindicatedintheprecedingparagraphandwhichisduetoabreachofanyofhisobligations,includingabreachofanyguaranteethatforaperiodoftimethegoodswillremainfitfortheirordinarypurposeorforsomeparticularpurposeorwillretainspecifiedqualitiesorcharacteristics.

article37

ifthesellerhasdeliveredgoodsbeforethedatefordelivery,hemay,uptothatdate,deliveranymissingpartormakeupanydeficiencyinthequantityofthegoodsdelivered,ordelivergoodsinrepla

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联合国国际货物销售合同范本公约(英文)

cementofanynon-conforminggoodsdeliveredorremedyanylackofconformityinthegoodsdelivered,providedthattheexerciseofthisrightdoesnotcausethebuyerunreasonableinconvenienceorunreasonableexpense.however,thebuyerretainsanyrighttoclaimdamagesasprovidedforinthisconvention.

article38

(1)thebuyermustexaminethegoods,orcausethemtobeexamined,withinasshortaperiodasispracticableinthecircumstances.

(2)ifthecontractinvolvescarriageofthegoods,examinationmaybedeferreduntilafterthegoodshavearrivedattheirdestination.

(3)ifthegoodsareredirectedintransitorredispatchedbythebuyerwithoutareasonableopportunityforexaminationbyhimandatthetimeoftheconclusionofthecontractthesellerkneworoughttohaveknownofthepossibilityofsuchredirectionorredispatch,examinationmaybedeferreduntilafterthegoodshavearrivedatthenewdestination.

article39

(1)thebuyerlosestherighttorelyonalackofconformityofthegoodsifhedoesnotgivenoticetothesellerspecifyingthenatureofthelackofconformitywithinareasonabletimeafterhehasdiscovereditoroughttohavediscoveredit.

(2)inanyevent,thebuyerlosestherighttorelyonalackofconformityofthegoodsifhedoesnotgivethesellernoticethereofatthelatestwithinaperiodoftwoyearsfromthedateonwhichthegoodswereactuallyhandedovertothebuyer,unlessthistime-limitisinconsistentwithacontractualperiodofguarantee.

article40

thesellerisnotentitledtorelyontheprovisionsofarticles38and39ifthelackofconformityrelatestofactsofwhichhekneworcouldnothavebeenunawareandwhichhedidnotdisclosetothebuyer.

article41

thesellermustdelivergoodswhicharefreefromanyrightorclaimofathirdparty,unlessthebuyeragreedtotakethegoodssubjecttothatrightorclaim.however,ifsuchrightorclaimisbasedonindustrialpropertyorotherintellectualproperty,thesellersobligationisgovernedbyarticle42.

article42

(1)thesellermustdelivergoodswhicharefreefromanyrightorclaimofathirdpartybasedonindustrialpropertyorotherintellectualproperty,ofwhichatthetimeoftheconclusionofthecontractthesellerkneworcouldnothavebeenunaware,providedthattherightorclaim