翻译技巧词类转换法

翻译技巧词类转换法第一页，共二十八页，编辑于2023年，星期五5.IamafraidIcan’tteachyouEnglish.IthinkmydaughterisabetterteacherthanI.

恐怕我教不了你英语，我想我女儿比我教得好。6.TheoperationofacomputerneedssomeknowledgeofEnglish.

操作电脑需要一些英语知识。I.Convertingtoverbs第二页，共二十八页，编辑于2023年，星期五A.名词转译成动词（基本方法）（一）具有动态意义的名词（1）“…of…”

结构（2）短语结构翻译顺序：顺译与逆译1.Ithasalsoprovidedthebasesforthetraditionalmethodologyofscience:objectiveobservationanddescriptionofsomephenomena,theformulationofahypothesisorhypothesesabouttheeventsobservedandpossiblerelationshipsamongthem,theuseofthesetopredictfutureevents,theverificationofthehypothesesand,onthisbasis,theconstructionofatheoryofsomeareaofnaturalactivity.2.Whatisneededinthecaseofnoiseisastudyoflargenumbersofpeoplelivingundernoisyconditions.就噪音而论，所需要的是研究大批生活在噪音条件下的人数。3.Insistenceonhumanrights第三页，共二十八页，编辑于2023年，星期五A.名词转译成动词（基本方法）4.Manypeopleinindustryandtheservice,whohavepracticalexperienceofnoise,regardanyinvestigationofthisquestionasawasteoftime.工业部门和军队中的许多人对噪音有切身体会，他们认为对这个问题进行任何调查都是浪费时间。5.Anacquaintanceofworldhistoryishelpfultothestudyofcurrentaffairs.练习：1.The1967UNdocumentcallsforthesettlementoftheMiddleEastconflictonthebasisofIsraelwithdrawalfromoccupiedterritoriesandArabacknowledgementofIsrael’srighttoexist.第四页，共二十八页，编辑于2023年，星期五2.Oneafteranother,speakerscalledforthedownfallofimperialism,abolitionofexploitationofmanbyman,liberationoftheoppressedoftheworld.3.Until1972,alleffortsbythetwonationstocurbthenucleararmsracehadfounderedononepoint:U.S.insistenceontherighttomakeone-siteinspectionoftheSovietStrategic-arsenalandRussia’srefusal.4.Ithasalsoprovidedthebasesforthetraditionalmethodologyofscience:objectiveobservationanddescriptionofsomephenomena,theformulationofahypothesisorhypothesesabouttheeventsobservedandpossiblerelationshipsamongthem,theuseofthesetopredictfutureevents.Theverificationofthehypothesesand,onthisbasis,theconstructionofatheoryofsomeareaofnaturalactivity.第五页，共二十八页，编辑于2023年，星期五A.名词转译成动词（基本方法）（二）英语中含有动态意义的名词通常翻译为动词，并根据需要增添逻辑宾语。1.Thesightandsoundofourjetplanesfilledmewithspeciallonging.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的（机声），令我们特别神往。2.Astheweekdrawtoaclose,theenemyroutwascomplete.一周快结束时，敌人彻底溃退了。第六页，共二十八页，编辑于2023年，星期五A.名词转译成动词（基本方法）（三）英语中有些以后缀–er,-or结尾的名词，在句中并指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味，需要翻译为动词。1.IamafraidIcan’tteachyouswimming.IthinkmylittlebrotherisabetterteacherthanI.我恐怕教不了你游泳，我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。2.Talkingwithhisson,theoldmanwastheforgiveroftheyoungman’spastwrongdoings.在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。3.Heisnosmoker,buthisfatherisachain-smoker.第七页，共二十八页，编辑于2023年，星期五A.名词转译成动词（基本方法）（四）短语中的主体名词通常翻译为动词1.Thenextnewsbulletin（新闻节目）,shorterthanusual,madenomentionofthedemonstration.2.ShehadhighpraiseforDr.Smith,althoughshecomplainedabouthisstrictness.3.Thepartybranchsecretaryshowedgreatconcernforthestudents’health4.Hehasalreadymadementionofthematterinhisspeech.第八页，共二十八页，编辑于2023年，星期五练习（一）1.TheCensusBureau,thedataagencychargedwithcreatingstatisticsonhouseholdincomesandtheirdistribution,doesnotmaintainanofficialdefinitionofmiddleclassstatus.2.Duringthehalf-hourtalk,thetwosidesexchangedviewsonthechoiceoftermsofpayment,buttheymadenomentionofthemodeoftransportation.第九页，共二十八页，编辑于2023年，星期五

练习（二）1.Notonlydoesdarkenergyappeartomakeupthebulkoftheuniverse,butitsexistence,ifitstandsthetestoftime,willprobablyrequirethe

development

ofnewtheoriesofphysics.2.Thesameistrueofgalaxyclusters,thelargestcoherentbodiesintheuniverse---assemblagesofthousandsofgalaxiesembeddedinavastcloudofhotgasandboundtogetherbygravity.3.Scientistssaythatgovernmentconstructionofamulti-billion-dollar,permanentspacestationcouldaidindetectingnaturaldisastersonearthinadvance,conductingmedicalresearchandcollectingsolarenergytotransmitback.4.Theanalysiswillrequirethedevelopmentofnewtheoreticaltoolsbutshouldbewithinourgraspinthenextfewyears.I.Convertingtoverbs第十页，共二十八页，编辑于2023年，星期五5.Basicallyappliedsciencestartswiththeclearunderstandingofahumanneedandthenusesalltheavailablescientificknowledgetoassistinthesatisfactionofthisneed.6.Purescienceisprimarilyconcernedwiththedevelopmentoftheoriesandtheestablishmentoftherelationsbetweenthephenomenaoftheuniverse.7.Increasingly,thereistalkofviewerparticipationintelevision;two-wayTVprogramswillmakeitpossibletotakepartinasoapoperaorfootballgameasiftheviewerwerethere.8.Ingeneral,dryingasolidmeanstheremovalofrelativelysmallamountsofwaterorotherliquidfromthesolidmaterialtoreducethecontentofresidualliquidtoanacceptablelowvalue.第十一页，共二十八页，编辑于2023年，星期五A.介词转译成动词。（prep.---v.）1.Theroadtodevelopmentislongbutwearefirmlyonit.

发展的道路虽然漫长，可我们已坚定地走了上这条路。2.Heiswalkingintheparkwithanumbrellainhishand.

他在公园散步，手里拿着一把伞。3.Itisourgoalthatthepeopleintheundevelopedareaswillbefinallyoffpoverty.

我们的目标是使不发达地区的人民最终摆脱贫困。4.Thecompanyhasadvertisedinthenewspaperforelectronicexperts.

公司在报上登广告招聘电子方面的专家。II.Convertingtoverbs第十二页，共二十八页，编辑于2023年，星期五练习1.Inanymachine,inputworkequalsoutputworkplusworkdoneagainstfriction.2.Thistypeoffilmdevelopsintwentyminutes.3.Ananalogcomputermanipulatesdatabyanalogmeans.4.Theairplanebarreledstraightahead,acrosstheharbourandoutoverthesea.5.Partyofficialsworkedlonghoursonmeagerfood,incoldcaves,bydimlamps第十三页，共二十八页，编辑于2023年，星期五B.形容词转译成动词（adj.---v.）1.Integritymeansyoudowhatyoudobecauseit’srightandnotjustfashionable

orpoliticallycorrect.

诚实意味着去做你认为对的事，而不仅仅是为了赶时髦或在政治上不出错。2.Don’tbeafraidofthosewhomighthaveabetterideaorwhomightevenbesmarterthanyouare.

不要恐惧那些想法可能比你高明，或者那些可能比你更聪明的人。3.IsMr.Smithfamiliarwiththeperformanceofthelaboratoryequipment?

史密斯先生熟悉实验室设备的性能吗？II.Convertingtoverbs第十四页，共二十八页，编辑于2023年，星期五练习1.Ifwewereignorantofthestructureoftheatom,itwouldbeimpossibleforustostudynuclearphysics.2.Theyweresuspiciousandresentfulofhim.3.Theywerenotcontentwiththeirpresentachievements.4.Thetop-rankingAsianspecialistwasnotsurewhetherthepolicycouldsavethesituation.第十五页，共二十八页，编辑于2023年，星期五5.Ifextremelylow-costpowerwereevertobecomeavailablefromlargenuclearpowerplants,electrolytichydrogenwouldbecomecompetitive.6.Thecircuitsareconnectedinparallelintheinterestofasmallresistance.7.Onceinsidethebody,thevaccineseparatesfromthegoldparticlesandbecomes“active”.8.Itisnowonderthatscientistsaroundtheworldareracingtoharnessfusion.Buttheraceiscostlyandtimeconsuming.第十六页，共二十八页，编辑于2023年，星期五

C.副词转译为动词（adv.---v.）1.Whatfilmwillbeonthisevening?

今晚放映什么影片？2.Thatbookwillbeoutprettysoon.

那本书不久就要出版了。3.Inthoseyearstherepublicanswerein.

那些年是共和党执政。4.Doublewindowswerefixedtokeepthecoldout.

安装双层窗御寒。练习：1.Thefatiguelifetestisover.疲劳寿命试验结束了。Ifonegeneratorisoutoforder,theotherwillproduceelectricityinstead.如果一台发电机发生故障，另一台便代替它发电。2.Suchservicewillcertainlygofarinextendingthelifecycleofolderequipment.这种保养肯定会在延长陈旧设备的使用周期。E.动名词转译成动词（gerund---v.）

1.Theoriginofthisparticularcultureisfarfromclearing.

这种奇特的文化根源远没有弄清楚。II.Convertingtoverbs第十七页，共二十八页，编辑于2023年，星期五A.动词转译为名词（v.---n.）1.Thebookdidnotimpressmeatall.

那本书没留给我什么印象。2.Harryaimstobecomeacomputerexpert.

哈里的目标是成为计算机专家。3.Yourworkischaracterizedbylackofattentiontodetail.

你工作的毛病是不注意细节。（粗心大意）4.Themachineweighsaboutfivehundredkilograms.

这台机器的重量是500公斤。III.Convertingtonouns第十八页，共二十八页，编辑于2023年，星期五5.Whenlightfallsoncertainthings,itbouncesback,whichwesaythelightisreflected.

光照到某种物体上会弹回来，我们把这种情况称之为光的反射。注意：如果英语动词译成汉语动词时跟前后的修饰语不好搭配；或搭配起来不符合汉语习惯，可以把动词译成名词，再在名词前加上与之搭配的动词。6.Theyouthsalwaysdreamfondlyoftheirfuture.

年轻人对前途总是怀有美好的梦想。7.Independentobservershavecommentedfavorablyontheachievementsyouhavemadeinthisdirection.

有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面所取得的成就给予了很高的评价。III.Convertingtonouns第十九页，共二十八页，编辑于2023年，星期五B.形容词转译为名词（adj.---n.）

1.Thedaywascloudybutthesunwastryingtocomethrough.

天上有云，不过太阳就要破云而出了。2.Obedienceisobligatoryonasoldier.

服从命令是军人的天职。3.ManyWesternpeoplearereligious.

很多西方人/西方人多数都是虔诚的教徒。III.Convertingtonouns第二十页，共二十八页，编辑于2023年，星期五1.YouareagreaterblockheadthanIhadsupposedyoutobe.

你比我所想象得要傻得多（n.—adj.）2.OurgovernmentshowsgreatconcernfortheChineseresidentabroad.

我国政府十分关心海外华侨。3.Hisaddressimpressedmedeeply.

他的讲话给我留下很深的印象。4.Fromthefront,backandbothsideswekeptastrictwatchontheenemy.

我们在前后左右严密地监视敌人。IV.Convertingtootherpartsofspeech第二十一页，共二十八页，编辑于2023年，星期五1.HeistherightmanI’mlookingfor.

他正是我在找的人。2.Theunitofweightisthegram,thatoflengthisthemeter,andthatofcapacityistheliter.

重量单位是克，长度单位是米，容量单位是升。3.Themachinecandimensionallybechangeableaccordingtoconsumers’need.

机器的在大小（或尺寸）可以根据用户的需要改变。4.Allyouhavedoneisproportionaltoallyouhaveachieved.

你的付出和所得成正比。IV.Convertingtootherpartsofspeech第二十二页，共二十八页，编辑于2023年，星期五5.Tobeindependentisanabsolutenecessityforyoungpeople.

独立对年轻人来说是绝对必要的。6.Inscience,itisimportanttostatealaworaprincipleaccurately.

在科学方面定律或定理的准确叙述十分重要。7.Withslightrepairs,themachinecouldbeinmotion.

只要称加修理，这台机器便可以运转。8.Thenewmayorearnedrespectduetothecourtesyofvisitingthepoorinthecity.

新市长有礼貌地访问城市贫民赢得了人们的尊敬。IV.Convertingtootherpartsofspeech第二十三页，共二十八页，编辑于2023年，星期五在英语中，由形容词派生的名词通常翻译为形容词，在句中作定语或表语Thepallorofherfaceindicatedclearlyhowshewasfeelingatthatmoment.ThespokesmanadmittedthefeasibilityoftheAmericanproposals.HetalkedforsometimewithBundy,andhisquestionreflectedtheenormityofhisdoubts.Singlecrystalsifhighperfectionar