2023届陕西省宝鸡市高三上学期高考模拟检测（一）英语试题（含答案解析）

2023届陕西省宝鸡市高三上学期高考模拟检测(一)英语试

题

学校:姓名：班级：考号：

一、阅读理解

4BooksforYourChristmasList

ThesespectacularbookswouldmakefantasticpresentsthisChristmas.

JourneytotheRiverSea

byEvaIbbotson.

IllustratedbyKatieHickey

(MacmillanChildren'sBooks)

Inthischildren'sclassic,traveldeepintotheAmazonjungleinsearchofadventurewith

heroineMala.Celebratingthe20thanniversaryofanaward-winning,best-sellingstorythis

gifteditioncomespackedwithlotsofcolorfulartworkfromillustratorKatieHickey.

LittlePeopleBigDreamsTreasury

byMariaIsabelSanchezVegaraandLisbethKaiser

(FrancesLincolnChildren'sbook)

Inthiswonderfullyillustratedcollectionyoucanexplorethefascinatingtruestoriesof

50brilliantttdreamcrs^^includingactivistslikeGretaThunberg,artistssuchasFridaKahlo,

musicians,scientists,sportinglegendsandwriters.

DaughteroftheDeep

byRickRiordan

(PuffinBooks)

PercyJacksonauthorRickRiordan'slatestbookisathrillingsci-fiadventuresetinan

academyforunderwaterexplorers.Duringthesea-trialsattheendoftheirfirstyear,Anaand

herclassmateswitnessaterribletragedyandsoonbegintouncoverdeep,darksecretsand

age-oldrivalries.

EveryoneSang

byWilliamSieghart.

IllustratedbyEmilySutton

(WalkerBooks)

Ifyoulikepoetry,you'lllovethisillustratedcollection,whichisdividedintofour

sections:PoemstoMakeYouSmile;PoemstoMoveYou;PoemstoGiveYouHope;and

PoemstoCalmandConnectYou.PoetssuchasCarolAnnDuffyandLemnSissayare

included.

1.Whichbooktellstruestoriesaboutsomefamouspeople?

A.JourneytotheRiverSea.

B•LittlePeopleBigDreamsTreasury.

C.DaughteroftheDeep.

D.EvetyoneSang.

2.WhatkindofbookisDaughteroftheDeep?

A.Afolktale.B.Abiography.

C.Asciencefiction.D.Atruestory.

3.WhatisspecialaboutEveryoneSang?

A.ItiswrittenbyEvaIbbotson.

B.Itisintendedforpoetrylovers.

C.Itisoneofthebest-sellinghooks.

D.ItcontainsstoriesaboutLemnSissay.

In2014,1wasinballetclasswhenIgotacallfromthehospitalthatmydadhad

experiencedastroke.Irushedtothehospitaltojoinhim,andfoundhimburiedinanestof

cables,surroundedbyavarietyofmonochromatic,rapidlybeeping（makingashort,loud

sound）assistivemachines.Theyseemedtoformasingle,massiveenclosurearoundhim.

Everyfewmomentshewouldpeerupatoneofthemachineswithwide,confusedeyes.I

becameclearthatmanyofthetechnologiesthatweremeanttobehelpingandsupportinghim

werescaryandinaccessible.Duringthemostdifficultmomentsofhislife,themachines

multipliedhisfear.

IwonderedhowIcouldmakehimfeelreassured,safe,anddignifiedaroundthese

devices.Atthetime,Iwasaprofessionaldancerandchoreographer（编舞者）.Dancers,

performersandtheaterartistsareallmastersatevokingemotions,soIbegantothinkhowI

mightimprovemachinestohelphimfeelempoweredandhopefulratherthanafraid.Mydad

isnowinhisearly70sandfullyrecovered.Buthisstoryledmetostartcombiningmy

passionsfordanceandtechnology.

I'vedancedwithdifferentrobotsallaroundtheworld,ininstallations（就职）andlive

试卷第2页，共10页

performances.FmnowaPh.D.candidateinmechanicalengineeringatStanfordUniversity,

whereIworkonmodelsandinterfacesthatallowrobotstolearnnewtasksfromhumans.

Asthenumberofrobotsinsocietycontinuestoincrease,morepeopleneedtobecapable

ofusingthem.Ithinkofothercommonlyusedtechnologieslikelaptopsandphonesand

reflectthatauserlikemydadactivelydirecttherobotwithnaturalhumanmotions.

Ibelievetheintersection(交叉点)betweenroboticsandhumanwillcontinuetoexpand

asrobotsmoveoutofthefactoryandintothepublic.Iamnotsurehowsoonmydadwill

havearobotinhishouse,butIdobelievethatwhenitarrives,itwillbefilledwithdance

knowledge.

4.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor'sfatherafterhewasinhospital?

A.Helongedtoseehisson.

B.Heknewlittleabouthisillness.

C.Hewascuriousaboutnewmachines.

D.Hewasterrifiedofmedicalequipment.

5.Whatmainlymadetheauthorcombinedanceandtechnology?

A.Hiscareforhisfather.

B.Hispersonalexperiences.

C.Acreativethoughtfordance.

D.Technology'seffectonsociety.

6.Theauthormentionedlaptopsandphonesinparagraph4to

A.accountfortheirwideuseinlife.

B.convincereadersoftheirsignificance.

C.showdevelopmentofthemodemtechnology.

D.predictthecapabilityofpeopleusingrobots.

7.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothefutureofdancingrobots?

A.Suspicious.B.Optimistic.

C.Pessimistic.D.Uncertain.

Feelingsleepyinthemiddleoftheday?Therearemanyreasonswhywegetsleepyin

theafternoon.Badlighting,apoornight'ssleep,aboringjob,large(carb-heavy)lunches,and

morecanallcontributetohead-bobbingatyourdeskorfallingintoalightsleepduringa

meeting.Thebestcourseofactionwouldbetofindtherootcauseofyoursleepissueandfix

it,butmostofussimplyheadforthecoffeepotorthecafe.Insteadofthat,tryclimbingsome

stairs.

Well,nowexerciseresearchershavediscoveredthatwalkingupanddownlightsofstairs

forabout10minutesactuallygivesyouamoreeffectiveboost(提高)ofenergythandrinking

50milligramsofcaffeinegreedily(theaverageamountofcaffeinefoundinacupofcoffee,

tea,orsoda).

InastudycalledStairwalking,theresearchersenlisted18"physicallyactive^^college

womenbetweentheages18and23.Theparticipantsreportedexperiencingchronicallypoor

sleep,addinguptoanaverageoffewerthan45hoursofshuteyeeachweekinthepastfew

years.Andtheyareoftenalackofavailabletimeduringtheworkdayforadedicatedexercise

session.

Theresearcherschosestairclimbingastheexerciseofchoice.Walkingupanddownthe

stairsrequiresnospecificclothing,traveltime,orevenashowerafterward.Duringthestudy,

onsomedaystheparticipantsalternated(交替)betweentaking50-milligramcaffeinepillsor

aplacebo.Ontheotherdays,theyskippedthecaffeine(realorotherwise)andclimbedupand

downthestairs,atamoderatepace,for10minutes.

Attheconclusionofthestudy,theresearchersacknowledgedthatthereismoreresearch

tobedone(whenisn'tthatthecase?)butconcludedthat"Ashortperiodoflow-to-modcrate

intensitystairwalkinghastemporaryenergizingeffectsthatexceedalowdoseofcaffeinefor

activeyoungwomenwithchronicinsufficientsleep.,,

So,thenexttimeyoufindyourselfnoddingoffmid-aftemoon,whynotgivestairsatry?

8.Whatisthemainpurposeofparagraph1?

A.Todescribeaphenomenon.

B.Toexplainreasonsofpoorsleep.

C.Topresentthetopicofstairclimbing.

D.Toremindpeopletodrinklesscoffee.

9.Accordingtothepassage,collegewomen.

A.sufferedfromsleepdisorder

B.wereactiveinphysicalworkout

C.weretoobusytofallsoundsleep

D.volunteeredtoparticipateinthestudy

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“skipped"inparagraph4probablymean?

试卷第4页，共10页

A.Released.B.Exchanged.

C.Becameaddictedto.D.Missedouton.

11.Whatmessagedoesthetextseemtoconvey?

A.Properstairwalkingcanrefreshpeople.

B.Peopletendtofallasleepinmid-afternoon.

C.Amoderateintakeofcaffeinewillbeharmless.

D.Climbingstairscaneffectivelysolvesleepissue.

YoungmaleAfricanelephantsshowcalmerbehaviorwhenolder,moreexperiencedmale

elephantsarearound,accordingtoanewstudy.Expertssaythediscoverycouldhelpto

protectbothelephantsandhumans.

ResearchersfromtheUniversityofExeter,insouth-westEnglandandthecharity

ElephantsforAfricastudiedthebehaviorof281maleelephants(knownasbulls)in

Botswana'sMakgadikgadiPansNationalParkoverthreeyears.Atbetween12and15years

old,bullelephantsleavetheherdwheretheygrowupandthenspendmuchoftheirtime

eitheraloneorwithothermales.Females,incontrast,staywiththeherdtheywereborninto.

Toseeiftherewerepatternsinthewaymalesbehavedafterleavingtheirherd,the

researchersdividedthemintofourgroups:twogroupsofadolescents(aged10-15or16-20

yearsold),andtwogroupsofadults(aged21-25orover26yearsold).Theyfoundthatthe

youngermalesweremorelikelytobeaggressivetowardsnon-elephanttargets,suchasother

animalsandvehicleswhentherewerefewerolderadultbullstomixwith.ConnieAllenfrom

theUniversityofExeter,wholedthestudy,suggeststhismaybebecausetheyoungbullson

theirownarelessexperiencedatidentifyingthreatstotheirsafety.Thatmeanstheyaremore

likelytobecomefearful,whichmakesthemattack.

Allensaidtheresearchrevealedanimportantroleforoldermaleelephantswhohave

oftenbeenthoughtofasnotveryusefulinelephantsociety.Thismistakenbeliefhasled

wildlifeauthoritiestoallowsomehuntingofoldermales,reducingtheirnumbersandtheir

possiblecalminginfluenceonyoungerbulls.Intheareawheretheelephantslive,71%of

peoplesaidtheyfeltthatelephantsthreatentheirsafety.Theresearchsuggeststhathaving

moreoldermalescouldhelpwiththeproblem.

12.Howdobullelephantsdifferfromfemaleelephants?

A.Theyleavetheherd.

B.Theystaywiththeherd.

C.Theybehaveviolently.

D.Theyaremoreindependent.

13.Whydoyoungermaleelephantsattackpeopleorvehicles?

A.Theyprotecttheirherdfromdanger.

B.Theyaretooyoungtorecognizethreats.

C.Theyarefrightenedbynon-elephanttargets.

D.Theyarenotprotectedwellbyolderelephants.

14.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

A.Oldermaleelephantsarelessimportantinelephantsociety.

B.Itisreasonabletoallowsomehuntingofoldermaleelephants.

C.Oldermaleelephantscanhelpreduceelephantattack.

D.People'ssafetyisthreatenedbyoldermaleelephants.

15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.OldElephantsThreatenPeople'sSafety

B.OldMaleElephantsKeepYoungCalm

C・YoungElephantsAreMoreAggressive

D.BullElephantsTendtoLeavetheHerd

二、七选五

KnowingHowandWhentoSaySorryCanBuildBetterFriendship

Haveyoueverarguedwithafriendandsaidordonesomethingyouregretted?16,

Knowinghowtoapologizecanhelpyoubecomefriendsagainandtounderstandwhyyou

felloutinthefirstplace.

Whydoweargue?

Weargueforallkindsofreasons.Forexample,youmightthinkyourfootballteamis

fantastic,butyourfrienddisagrees,oryoudon'twantsomeonetojoininyourgame.

Sometimes,especiallyifyouareangry,thingscanbecomeoutofcontrol,andyou'llsayordo

somethingyouregret.17.Butit'simportanttoresolveyourdifferencesafterwardsso

badfeelingsdon'tgetworse.Thisiswhereanapologycanhelp.

Whatdoessayingsorrymean?

试卷第6页，共10页

Weallmakemistakes,andapologizingisawayofadmittingwe'vegotsomething

wrongandwilltrynottodoitagain.18.Anapologyneedstoshowtheotherperson

thatyouaregenuinelysorry,youacceptresponsibilityforyouractions,andthatyouwant

theirforgiveness.

19?

Sometimesanotherpersonmaypressureyouintotakingtheblamewhenithasnothing

todowithyou.Ifyoufeelthisishappening,trytalkingaboutwhyyouarguedinthefirst

placeandexplainhowitmadeyoufeel.Ifyoustillcan'tagree,youcouldaskaparentor

teachertohelpyouresolvetheproblem.

Doesapologizingalwayswork?

Agenuineapologyisamagicword.Itmaytaketimeforsomeonetounderstandand

forgive.20.Butyoucanfeelgoodabouttryingtofixthingsandpromisingyourselfto

dobetternexttime.

A.Whatifit'snotmyfault

B.Howshouldweapologizetoothers

C.Tryitagainifyoufailtogetothers,forgiveness

D.Evenafteryou'vesaidsorry,youcouldstillfeelbad

E.Arguinganddisagreeingwithothersoccasionallyisnormal

F.Itmaybehardtosaysorry,butifyouwanttomakesomethingbetteryoumusttry

G.Sometimesitcanbehardtoputthingsright,especiallywhenfeelingshavebeenhurt

三、完形填空

Thedaystartedoutasmanyothersbefore.Iwasalwaysinarush,alwaystryingto

21toomuchinaday'stime.Itseemedasthoughthekidswere22

underfoot.

ManytimesIheardthatthesewerethe23days,thatIshouldcherishthe

24.1couldn'tseeit,though.Iwas25bythelonglistofthingstodo.

Awarmmorning,Itookthekidsoutsideandstarted26theflowerbedsas

EmilyandLoganplayednearby.Iwas27tohaveamomenttomyselfwhilethe

kidswereoccupied.

Itwasn9tlongbeforeI28thatthetwoofthemweresittingbeneathasmalltree

inthebackyard,lookingupintothe29andsingingasong.Wehaddubbed（把...称

为）it“TheEmilyTree“simplybecauseithadbeen30whenEmilywasababy.

Daysand31hadpassed,andEmilyhadgrown32aswell.Shehad

turnedintoabrightandcuriouschildwhowasalwayseagertolearnand33and

helpherlittlebrotherLogandothesame.

34gotthebestofme,andIheadedovertoaskwhytheyweresittingthere,

apprently35tothetinytree.

Loganonly36butEmilytoldmesoftyinhermatter-of-factlittle37,

“Youhavetospendtimewithsomethingifyouwantitto38niceandstrong.,7She

turnedtofinishhersong.

Well,theweedsdidn'tgetpulledthatday.39,1wentintothehouse,gathereda

blanketandapicniclunch,and40mydaughterandsonundertheEmilyTree.

21.A.preventB.repeatC.accomplishD.connect

22.A.oftenB.alwaysC.seldomD.usually

23.A.longestB.noisiestC.worstD.best

24.A.momentsB.daysC.datesD.years

25.A.treatedB.blindedC.examinedD.used

26.A.wateringB.packingC.weedingD.Decorating

27.A.proudB.interestedC.sadD.glad

28.A.realizedB.regrettedC.affectedD.confused

29.A.skyB.birdsC.cloudsD.branches

30.A.placedB.plantedC.producedD.built

31.A.dreamsB.gamesC.monthsD.persons

32.A.slowlyB.quietlyC.suddenlyD.quickly

33.A.exploreB.reduceC.spreadD.worry

34.A.LoveB.CuriosityC.CourageD.Heart

35.A.wavingB.shoutingC.singingD.whispering

36.A.smiledB.satC.playedD.thought

37.A.wayB.voiceC.soundD.sentence

38.A.takeupB.lookupC.setupD.growup

39.A.InsteadB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise

40.A.helpedB.receivedC.joinedD.supported

试卷第8页，共10页

四、用单词的适当形式完成短文

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Withauniquecivilization41(date)backover5,000years,Chinahasalways

beenaplaceofspecialfascinationforforeigners.Inthepastdecades,interestintherapidly

developingnation42(grow)quickly.ForeignershavebeencomingtoChinanotjust

fortravel43forstudy,work,investmentorculturalexchanges.Somefindsuccessin

theircareersandactivelymakecontributionstoChina'ssustainabledevelopment.

“Therearelotsofthingsthatwebenefitedfromby44(simple)beingherein

China,“saidJayThornhill,45Australian-Americanwhoco-foundedoneonline

shoppingplatfbnnbasedinShanghai."Whenyoucombineahugewell-educatedand

hardworkingpopulationwiththeabilitytomanufactureandbuildjustaboutanything

that46(exist)intheworld,yougetaveryproductivebusinessenvironment.

HavingforeignersworkingandlivinginChinaachievesmorethanjusteconomic

benefits.Itcanbeaculturalcontribution47buildsabridgeofmutualunderstanding

andfriendshipbetweenindividualsandnations.

InThomhilFseyes,Chinaprovidesawelcomingandaccommodatingenvironmentfor

foreigners48(follow)theirdreams.t4TheChinesepeoplearetolerantoflanguageand

culturalbarriersandusuallyapproachthesedifferenceswithcuriosityratherthan

49(judge),“hesaid.

Inancienttimes,theVenetianmerchantMarcoPolo'sbookfascinatedmany.Today

China'srapidgrowthand50(it)favorableenvironmentandtheexpatriates9exciting

storieshavestimulatedfbreigners,interestinthenation.

五、短文改错

51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文

中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的的增加、删除、

或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(口),并在其下面写上该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（'戊IJ掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。

注意：1.每次错误以及修改仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

WhenIwasinprimaryschool,Ioftenwenttothewetlandofmyhometown,thereI

couldseemanydiflerentkindsofanimals,includingwildbirds,fish,snakes,insetsandsoon.

ThatwasaninterestingplaceforIandmyfriendstowatchthebirdsandstudythem.And

thingshavebegintochangeinrecentyears.Smallbirdsarebeingcaughtupwithnets.Wild

ducksarebeingsoldatfoodmarkets.Andevenbad,thewetlandisbeingdestroyed.Some

partsarebeingcoveredwithnewhouse.Youcanseerubbisheverywhere.Thewetlandis

beingpollutedseriouseveryday.Iamveryworriedit.Howcanwedo?

六、开放性作文

52.请你以“ScienceAndTechnologyInfluenceOurLifb”为题，给校刊"英语角''栏目写一

篇英文稿件，内容包括：1.举例说明科学技术给学校教育和我们生活带来的新变化;

2.你的感受。

注意：1.短文词数不少于100词。

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

3.文中不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。

ScienceAndTechnologyInfluenceOurLife

试卷第10页，共10页

参考答案:

1.B2.C3.B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了圣诞节清单上的4本书。

1.细节理解题。根据LittlePeopleBigDreamsTreasury中“Inthiswonderfullyillustrated

collectionyoucanexplorethefascinatingtruestoriesof50brilliant4tdreamcrs^^includingactivists

likeGretaThunberg,artistssuchasFridaKahlo,musicians,scientists,sportinglegendsand

writers."（在这本插图精美的合集中，你可以探索50位杰出“梦想家”的迷人真实故事，其中

包括格蕾塔♦桑伯格这样的活动家、弗里达•卡罗这样的艺术家、音乐家、科学家、体育传奇

人物和作家。）可知，LittlePeopleBigDreamsTkeas〃号这本书讲述了一些名人的真实故事。

故选B项。

2.细节理解题。根据DaughteroftheDeep中“PercyJacksonauthorRickRiordan'slatestbookis

athrillingsci-fiadventuresetinanacademyforunderwaterexplorers.Duringthesea-trialsatthe

endoftheirfirstyear,Anaandherclassmateswitnessaterribletragedyandsoonbegintouncover

deep,darksecretsandage-oldrivalries.”（《珀西•杰克逊》的作者里克・莱尔登的最新作品是一

部惊险刺激的科幻冒险小说，故事发生在一所水下探险者学院。在他们第一年结束的海试中，

安娜和她的同学目睹了一场可怕的悲剧，很快就开始揭露深刻、黑暗的秘密和古老的竞争。）

故可知,DaughteroftheDeep是一本科幻小说。故选C项。

3.细节理解题。根据EveryoneSang中“Ifyoulikepoetry,youUllovethisillustratedcollection,

whichisdividedintofoursections.^^（如果你喜欢诗歌，你会爱上这本配有插图的诗集，它分

为四个部分。）可知，£忖7。叱5〃监这本书是为诗歌爱好者准备的。故选8项。

4.D5.A6.D7.B

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者的父亲曾经生病住院，医院里的技术仪器让父亲感到恐惧、

没有尊严，这使得作者开始思考如何将舞蹈与技术结合起来。作者现在是斯坦福大学机械工

程专业的博士候选人，在那里的工作是研究让机器人从人类那里学习新任务的模型和界面。

4.细节理解题。根据第一段第五句"Ibecameclearthatmanyofthetechnologiesthatweremeant

tobehelpingandsupportinghimwerescaryandinaccessible."（我开始明白，许多应用来帮助和

支持他的技术都是可怕的、不可接近的。）可知，作者的父亲在住院后对医疗设备感到恐惧。

故选D。

答案第1页，共11页

5.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句"IwonderedhowIcouldmakehimfeelreassured,safe,and

dignifiedaroundthesedevices.”（我想知道怎样才能让他在这些设备周围感到安心、安全、有

尊严。）和第三句"Dancers,performersandtheaterartistsareallmastersatevokingemotions,soI

begantothinkhowImightimprovemachinestohelphimfeelempoweredandhopefulratherthan

afraid."（舞者、表演者和戏剧艺术家都是唤起情感的大师，所以我开始思考如何改进机器，

让他感到力量和希望，而不是恐惧。）可知，主要是对父亲的关心使作者将舞蹈与技术结合

起来。故选A。

6.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句"Asthenumberofrobotsinsocietycontinuestoincrease,

morepeopleneedtobecapableofusingthem.”（随着社会上机器人的数量不断增加，更多的人

需要能够使用它们。）和第二句中的"reflectthatauserlikemydadactivelydirecttherobotwith

naturalhumanmotions”（反映出像我爸爸这样的用户主动地用自然的人体动作指挥机器人）可

知，作者在第4段提到了笔记本电脑和手机来预测人们使用机器人的能力。故选D。

7.推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句"Iamnotsurehowsoonmydadwillhavearobotinhis

house,butIdobelievethatwhenitarrives,itwillbefilledwithdanceknowledge.”（我不矢口道爸

爸什么时候会在家里有一个机器人，但我相信当它到来的时候，它会充满舞蹈知识。）可知，

作者对跳舞机器人的未来持乐观态度，故选B。

8.C9.A10.D11.A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中午犯困有许多原因，解决的办法不是建议喝咖啡，

而是楼梯行走，可以更有效果。

8.推理判断题。根据第一段“Thebestcourseofactionwouldbetofindtherootcauseofyour

sleepissueandfixit,butmostofussimplyheadforthecoflfeepotorthecafe.Insteadofthat,try

climbingsomestairs."（最好的办法是找至lj你睡眠问题的根本原因并解决它，但我们大多数人

只是去咖啡壶或咖啡馆。而不是那样，试着爬楼梯。）可知第1段的主要目的是介绍爬楼梯

的主题。故选C项。

9.细节理解题。根据第三段“Theparticipantsreportedexperiencingchronicallypoorsleep,

addinguptoanaverageoffewerthan45hoursofshuteyeeachweekinthepastfewyears.”（参

与者报告说，她们长期睡眠不足，在过去几年中，平均每周睡眠不足45小时。）可知大学女

性患有睡眠障碍。故选A项。

10.词句猜测题。根据第四段“Walkingupanddownthestairsrequiresnospecificclothing,travel

答案第2页，共11页

time,orevenashowerafterward.Duringthestudy,onsomedaystheparticipantsalternated（交替）

betweentaking50-milligramcaffeinepillsoraplacebo.n（上下楼梯不需要特定的衣服、旅行

时间，甚至不需要淋浴。在这项研究中，参与者有时会交替服用50毫克咖啡因药片或安慰

剂J。）以及划线词后文“andclimbedupanddownthestairs,atamoderatepace,for10minutes.”

（并且以适中的速度爬上爬下楼梯，持续了10分钟。）可推测前文“Ontheotherdays,they

skippedthecaffeine”（在其他几天,她们不喝咖啡因），研究者对参与者喝不喝咖啡因进行对

照研究，此处skipped意义为“错过了”。故选D项。

11.推理判断题。根据最后一段“So,thenexttimeyoufindyourselfnoddingoffmid-aftemoon,

whynotgivestairsatry?”（所以，下次当你发现自己在中午打盹时，为什么不试试楼梯呢？）

可知这篇文章似乎传达了正确的楼梯行走可以让人精神振奋。故选A项。

12.A13.B14.C15.B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，当周围有更年长、更有经验的雄性非洲象时，年轻的

雄性非洲象会表现得更平静。这对于大象和人类都是有好处的一项研究。

12.细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句"Atbetween12and15yearsold,bullelephantsleavethe

herdwheretheygrowupandthenspendmuchoftheirtimeeitheraloneorwithothermales.

Females,incontraststaywiththeherdtheywereborninto.（在12到15岁之间，公象离开它们

成长的象群，然后花大部分时间单独或与其他公象在一起。相比之下，母象留在它们出生的

地方）“可知，公象长大后会离开象群，而母象则一直和象群在一起。故选A项。

13.细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句"ConnieAllenfromtheUniversityofExeter,wholedthe

study,suggeststhismaybebecausetheyoungbullsontheirownarelessexperiencedat

identifyingthreatstotheirsafety.Thatmeanstheyaremorelikelytobecomefearful,whichmakes

themattack.（埃克塞特大学的康妮・艾伦领导了这项研究，她认为，这可能是因为小公象在识

别自身安全威胁方面缺乏经验。这意味着它们更有可能变得恐惧，从而发动攻击。）”可知，

小公象不能识别威胁，故而更容易发起进攻。故选B项。

14.推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句"Thismistakenbeliefhasledwildlifeauthoritiestoallow

somehuntingofoldermales,reducingtheirnumbersandtheirpossiblecalminginfluenceon

youngerbulls.（这种错误的观念导致野生动物管理局允许猎杀年长的公象，减少了它们的数

量，也减少了它们对年轻公象的镇定作用。）“可知，年长的公象对年轻公象有镇定的作用，

因此可以减少年轻公象的攻击性行为。故选C项。

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15.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段第一句"YoungmaleAfricanelephantsshowcalmer

behaviorwhenolder,moreexperiencedmaleelephantsarearound,accordingtoanewstudy.（一

项新的研究表明，当周围有更年长、更有经验的雄性非洲象时，年轻的雄性非洲象会表现得

更平静。户可知全文主要说明了研究发现有年老的雄象的地方，年轻公象表现的更加平静。

B项“年老的公象使年轻公象保持冷静。”作为标题能够概括全文主旨。故选B项。

16.G17.E18.F19.A20.D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。你和朋友发生过争吵吗？争吵过后你如何修复你们之间的关系

呢？文章主要介绍了你应该知道的一些关于争吵和道歉的事情。

16.根据前句“Haveyoueverarguedwithafriendandsaidordonesomethingyouregretted?（你

是否曾经和朋友争吵过，说过或做过让你后悔的事情?）”和后句"Knowinghowtoapologize

canhelpyoubecomefriendsagainandtounderstandwhyyoufelloutinthefirstplace.（懂得道歉

可以帮助你们重新成为朋友，也能让你们明白当初为什么会闹翻。）“可知，此处为承上启下

句，与朋友吵过架之后，感情肯定受到伤害。选择项G“Sometimesitcanbehardtoputthings

right,especiallywhenfeelingshavebeenhurt（有时候很难把事情摆正，尤其是当感情受到伤害

的时候）''符合上下文语境。故选G。

17.根据后句“Butit'simportanttoresolveyourdifferencesafterwardssobadfeelingsdon'tget

worse”但重要的是事后解决你们的分歧，这样糟糕的感觉就不会变得更糟。户可知，前后为

转折关系，偶尔争吵是正常的，但要及时解决分歧。选择项E“Arguinganddisagreeingwith

othersoccasionallyisnormal（偶尔与他人争吵或有分歧是正常的）“符合上下文语境。故选E。

18.根据后句“Anapologyneedstoshowtheotherpersonthatyouaregenuinelysorry,youaccept

responsibilityforyouractions,andthatyouwanttheirforgiveness.（道歉需要向对方表明你真的

很抱歉，你愿意为自己的行为承担责任，你希望他们原谅你。）”可知，道歉很难，但有利于

解决问题。选择项F€itmaybehardtosaysorry,butifyouwanttomakesomethingbetteryou

musttry（说对不起可能很难，但如果你想做得更好，你必须尝试户符合上下文语境。故选F。

19.这里为本段小标题。根据下文“Sometimesanotherpersonmaypressureyouintotakingthe

blamewhenithasnothingtodowithyou.Ifyoufeelthisishappening,trytalkingaboutwhyyou

arguedinthefirstplaceandexplainhowitmadeyoufeel.Ifyoustillcan'tagree,youcouldaska

parentorleachertohelpyouresolvetheproblem.（有时,另一个人可能会迫使你承担责任，但

这与你无关。如果你觉得这种情况正在发生，试着谈谈你们当初为什么争吵，并解释它让你

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有什么感觉。如果你仍然不能同意，你可以让父母或老师帮你解决问题。）“可知，本段介绍

不是自己过错的解决方法。选择项A“Whatifit'snotmyfault（如果不是我的错呢）”符合上下

文语境。故选A。

20.根据前句“Itmaytaketimeforsomeonetounderstandandfbrgive.（一个人理解和原谅可能

需要时间。）“和后句"Butyoucanfeelgoodabouttryingtofixthingsandpromisingyourselftodo

belternexttime.（但是你可以在尝试解决问题并承诺自己下次做得更好的过程中感觉良好。户

可知，此处为承上启下句，感觉很糟的原因是不能获得理解与原谅。选择