直接引语变间接引语

IndirectSpeechDirectSpeechand

一字不改地引用或复述别人的话，被引用或复述的部分就叫直接引语；直接引语必须都放在引号中，其位置常在句尾或句首。用自己的话转述别人的话；被转述的部分就叫间接引语；间接引语不必用括号，一般用宾语从句或复合宾语表达法。

原封不动引用别人的原话,原话在引号中。“Takeoffyourboots,”hesaid.“Idon’tknowwhereyourbikeis,”

saidtheArab.“I’msorry,”theprofessorsaidtotheclass,“butnoneofyouwatchedcarefullyenough.”DirectSpeech:用自己的话转述别人所说的内容。通常以宾语从句的形式出现。当直接引语变为间接引语时，有关的人称、语序、时态、代词、时间状语、地点状语、和少数动词都要作相应的改变。IndirectSpeech:时态的变化直接引语间接引语一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时一般将来时一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时或不变过去将来时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时

过去进行时过去（完成）进行时

过去完成时过去完成时将来进行时过去将来进行时附：过去将来进行时

过去将来进行时表示在过去将来某一时间正在发生的动作。它常和表过去将来的时间状语连用。IneverrealizedthatsomedayI

wouldbelivinginChina.我从未想到将来有一天会在中国居住。过去完成进行时过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。动作是否继续下去，由上下文而定。过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。IhadbeenlookingforitfordaysbeforeIfoundit.这个东西，我找了好多天才找到。代词时间状语地点状语少数动词直接间接thistheseherenowcomebringcanmaymustthatthosetherethengotakecouldmighthadto

直接

间接threeyearsagothreeyearsbeforelastyeartheyearbeforelastweektheweekbeforethisyearthatyearnextweekthe

nextweeknextyearthefollowingyeartodaythatdayyesterdaythedaybeforetomorrowThenextdaythefollowingday时间状语陈述句：引语前用that引导,有时也可以不用。Hesaid,“I

openedthewindowthismorning.”Hesaidthatheopenedthewindow

thatmorning.Mysistersaid,“We

havecleaned

thefloor.”Mysistersaidthattheyhadcleanedthefloor.Themanagersaidtome,“You

mustgotherenextweek.”ThemanagertoldmethatI

hadtogotherethenextweek.Thegirlsaid,“I

candomy

homeworkmyself.”Thegirlsaidthat

she

coulddoher

homeworkherself.如直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。Theteachersaidinclass,“Themoonmovesaroundtheearth.”Theteachersaidinclassthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.陈述句直接引语变间接引语的结构：AsaidthatAtoldBthatThegirlsaidthat

she

coulddo

herhomeworkherself.Themanagertoldme

thatI

hadtogotherethenextweek.一般疑问句：变为间接引语后，要用陈述语序（主语先写）用if或whether引导。时态等作相应变化。Heasked,“Canyouhearme?”Heaskedif/whether

Icouldhear

him.Theteacherasked,“Have

youread

thisbook,Bob?”TheteacheraskedBob

if/whether

he

hadreadthatbook.Shesaidto

me,“Willyougotherewithme?”Sheaskedmeif/whether

I

would

gotherewithher.Sheasked,“Didyouseethefilm

yesterday,Peter?”SheaskedPeter

if/whether

he

hadseenthefilmthedaybefore.“Areyouleavingtodayor

tomorrow?”JoanaskedKate.JoanaskedKateif/whether

she

was

leavingthatdayorthenextday.一般疑问句直接引语变间接引语的结构：Aaskedif/whetherAaskedBifwhetherHeaskedif/whether

Icouldhear

him.TheteacheraskedBob

if/whether

he

hadreadthatbook.特殊疑问句：变为间接引语后，仍用原来的疑问词引导，用陈述语序。时态等作相应变化。‘’When

didtheybuild

thisbridge?”sheasked.Sheaskedwhentheybuilt

that

bridge.Theteacheraskedher,“Why

did

you

comelate?”Theteacheraskedherwhy

she

camelate.RobertaskedAlice,“Where

is

my

dictionary?”RobertaskedAlicewhere

his

dictionarywas.Mrs.Billaskedhim,“Whichbook

do

you

likebest?”Mrs.Billaskedhimwhichbookhe

likedbest.特殊疑问句直接引语变间接引语的结构：Aasked+原句疑问词AaskedB+原句疑问词Sheaskedwhentheybuilt

that

bridge.Mrs.Billaskedhimwhichbookhe

likedbest.宾语从句宾语从句三要素，引导词、语序、时态。引导词分为三情况，陈述句的that可省略，一般问句要用if或whether，碰到特殊疑问句，疑问词用来担此任。语序总体为主谓，疑问词从句作主语，语序不必去改变。从句时态主句定，如果主句为过去，从句相应作改变，客观真理仍现在。祈使句：改为间接引语后，就成了以不定式短语形式出现的宾语补足语（动词常是ask/tell/order/advise等）。Hesaidtothegirl,“Doitatonce.”Hetoldthegirltodoitatonce.Mrs.Hillsaid,“please

singatour

party,Mary.”Mrs.HillaskedMarytosingat

theirparty.Shesaidtome,“Don’tsmokeintheclassroom.”Shetoldmenottosmokeintheclassroom.Hesaid,“Let’s

gofishing

tomorrow.”Hesuggested

goingfishing

thenextday.祈使句直接引语变间接引语的结构

(~sbtodosth)：AtoldB(not)todo…AaskedB(not)todo…Hetoldthegirltodoitatonce.Mrs.HillaskedMarytosingattheirparty.总之，直接引语改间接引语分两种情况：一）去掉引号后，事实上是一个含宾语从句的主从复合句。即：主语+谓语+引导词（that/whether,if/wh-）+作宾语的句子此用法中要注意3点：1.选用正确的引导词。2.陈述语序，即主语先写。3.与主句相呼应的时态。二）祈使句改间接引语后是~sb(not)todosth

结构注意以下几点1.said/saidto要变成asked/told/order等可跟不定式作宾补的动词。2.呼语变宾语，please要去掉.时态不变的情况

a.

当直接引语表示真理或经常性的特点时。

b.当强调动作或状态现在仍然如此时，可以保持原时态。c.当直接引语中有绝对具体的过去时间做状语时，保持原来的一般过去时。d.当直接引语是虚拟语气时，保持原形式。Heoftensays“Ishalltellyouaboutthem.”Heoftentellsmethat_____willtell_____about______.I…you…themB.he…me…themC.he…you…usD.I…me…youB例题2.Youmustsaytoher,“Idependonyouandhim.”Youmusttellherthat_____dependon____and_____.

A.I…you…himB.she…you…meC.you…her…himD.you…me…himC例题3.Ishalltellhim,“Ihavewrittentoyouandhertwice.”Ishalltellhimthat____havewrittento____and_____twice.I…him…herB.you…him…herC.I…you…meD.you…me…herA例题4.Jacksaidtome,”Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat_____worried_____.helooks…todayB.youlook…todayC.welooked…thatdayD.Ilooked…thatdayD例题5.Theysaidtous,“Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse?”Theyaskedus____afraidtoleave_____house.thatwerewe…thisB.thatwewere…thatC.ifwerewe…thisD.ifwewere…thatD例题6.“DoyouknowEnglish?”heasked.Heaskedif_______English.IknewB.youknowC.heknewD.Iknow

A例题7.Janesaid,“Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago?”Janeasked____about_____.thathe