2023年考研考博-考博英语-黑龙江大学历年高频考题黑钻摘选版附带答案

2023年考研考博-考博英语-黑龙江大学历年高频考题黑钻摘选版附带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共10题)1.不定项选择题Oneofthesimplestandbestknownkindsofcrystalistheionicsalt,ofwhichatypicalexampleissodiumchloride,orordinarytablesalt.Thefundamentalcomponentsofanionicsaltareions:atomsormoleculesthathavebecomeelectricallychargedbygainingorlosingonemoreelectrons.Informingsodiumchloride,forexample,sodiumatomsgiveupanelectron(therebybecoming,positivelycharged)andchlorineatomsgainanelectron(therebybecomingnegativelychanged).Theionsareattractedtooneanotherbytheiroppositecharges,andtheystacktogethercompactly,liketightlypackedspheres.Recently,scientistsatMichiganStateUniversitycreatedanewkindofcrystalcalledanelectride.Inelectrides,theanions(negativeions)arecompletelyreplacedbyelectrons,whicharetrappedinnaturallyformedcavitieswithinaframeworkofregularlystackedcations(positiveions).Electridesarethefirstexamplesofionicsaltsinwhichalltheseanionicsitesareoccupiedsolelybyelectrons.Unlikeothertypesofanions,anionicelectronsdonotbehaveasiftheyweresimplechargedspheres.Inparticular,becauseoftheirlowmassandtheirtendencytointeractwithoneanotherovergreatdistances,theycannotbe“pinneddown”toanyonelocation.Instead,theywanderclosetoandamongtheatomsliningthecavityandinteractwithelectronsinnearbycavities,perhapschangingplaceswiththem.Thepropertiesofanelectridedependlargelyonthedistancebetweenthecavitiesthatholdtrappedelectrons.Whenthetrappedelectronsarefarapart,theydonotinteractstrongly,andsobehavesomewhatlikeanarrayofisolatednegativecharges.Whentheyareclosertogether,theybegintodisplaypropertiesassociatedwithlargeensemblesofidenticalparticles.Whentheyarestillcloser,theensemblepropertiesdominateandtheelectrons“delocalize”:theyarenolongertightlyboundwithinindividualcavitiesbutaremoreorlessfreetopassthroughthespaceswithintheframeworkofpositiveions.Bysynthesizingelectridesfromavarietyofmaterials,onecanvarythegeometryoftheanioniccavitiesandtheirrelationtothesurroundingcations.Theresultingpropertiesmaymakeitpossibleforelectridestobecomeabasisforeconomicallyusefulnewmaterialsanddevices.Forinstance,becausetheelectronsinsomeelectridesareveryweaklybound,thesecrystalscouldbeeffectiveasphotosensitivedetectors,inwhichanimpingingphotonliberatesanelectron,resultinginasmallelectriccurrent.Thesameweakbindingcouldalsomakeelectridesusefulinsolarenergyconvertersandascathodesinbatteries.Oneobstacleisthetendencyofelectridestodecomposethroughreactionwithairandwater.Researchersareseekingwaystoincreasetheirstability.1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing_____.2.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith______.3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthedifferencesbetweenthebehaviorofanionicelectronsandnormalanionsresultfromwhichofthefollowingfeaturesofelectrons,ascomparedtonormalanions?I.Themuchlowermassofelectrons.II.Themuchgreatertendencyofelectronstointeractwithoneanotheroverlargedistances.III.Themuchgreaterlikelihoodofelectronstoremaintrappedinnaturallyformedanioniccavities.4.Accordingtothepassage,thedefiningcharacteristicofanelectrideiswhichofthefollowing?5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatanionsbehavingas“simplechargedspheres”(3rdparagraph)couldbeexpectedto____.问题1选项A.awaytoisolateelectronsB.thecharacteristicsofanewkindofcrystalC.thestructureofanionicsaltD.commercialusesforelectridesE.thepropertiesofions问题2选项A.introducingavariantonthestandardatomictheoryB.describinghowchlorineatomscanbecomenegativelychargedC.describingsomeearlyresearchatMichiganStateUniversityD.presentingtheidentifyingpropertiesofanelectrideE.providingbackgroundforthetechnicaldiscussiontofollow问题3选项A.Ionly.B.IIonly.C.IandIIonly.D.IandIIIonly.E.IIandIIIonly.问题4选项A.Itspositiveionsareofparticularlylowmass.B.Itsionspossessidenticalelectricalcharges.C.Itcontainsaframeworkofregularlystackedions.D.Itsionsdemonstratestrongmutualattraction.E.Itsnegativeionsconsistsolelyofelectrons.问题5选项A.readilyloseelectronsandbecomepositivelychargedB.movefreelyinandoutoftheircavitiesC.respondtophotonsbyliberatingelectronsD.stackwithotheranionstocreatearegularframeworkE.remainfixedrelativetotheircations2.单选题They（

）intothedeeppondfromtheoverhangingcliffinabeautifuldive.问题1选项A.submergedB.plungeC.duckedD.immersed3.单选题Thejudgecriticizedthelawyerbecausehedidn’tkeephisremarkstothetopic（

）discussion.问题1选项A.onB.underC.withD.for4.不定项选择题TheestablishmentoftheThirdReichinfluencedeventsinAmericanhistorybystartingachainofeventswhichculminatedinwarbetweenGermanyandtheUnitedStates.Thecompetedestructionofdemocracy,thepersecutionofJews,thewaronreligion,thecrueltyandbarbarismoftheNazis,andespeciallytheplansofGermanyandherallies,ItalyandJapan,forworldconquestcausedgreatindignationinthiscountryandbroughtonfearofanotherworldwar.WhilespeakingoutagainstHitler’satrocities,theAmericanpeoplegenerallyfavoredisolationistpoliciesandneutrality.TheNeutralityActsof1935and1936prohibitedtradewithanybelligerentsorloanstothem.In1937thePresidentwasempoweredtodeclareanarmsembargoinwarsbetweennationsathisdiscretion.AmericanopinionbegantochangesomewhatafterPresidentRoosevelt’s“quarantinetheaggressor”speechatChicago(1937)inwhichheseverelycriticizedHitler’spolicies.Germany’sseizureofAustriaandtheMunichPactforthepartitionofCzechoslovakia(1938)alsoarousedtheAmericanpeople.TheconquestofCzechoslovakiainMarch,1939wasanotherrudeawakeningtothemenaceoftheThirdReich.InAugust,1939cametheshockoftheNazi-sovietPactandinSeptembertheattackonPolandandtheoutbreakofEuropeanwar.TheUnitedStatesattemptedtomaintainneutralityinspiteofsympathyforthedemocraciesarrayedagainsttheThirdReich.TheNeutralityActof1939repealedthearmsembargoandpermitted“cashandcarry”exportsofarmstobelligerentnations.Astrongnationaldefenseprogramwasbegun.Adraftactwaspassed(1940)tostrengthenthemilitaryservices.ALendAct(1941)authorizedthePresidenttosell,exchange,orlendmaterialstoanycountrydeemednecessarybyhimforthedefenseoftheUnitedStates.HelpwasgiventoBritainbyexchangingcertainoveragedestroyersfortherighttoestablishAmericanbasesinBritishterritoryintheWesternHemisphere.InAugust,1940PresidentRooseveltandPrimeMinisterChurchillmetandissuedtheAtlanticCharterwhichproclaimedthekindofaworldwhichshouldbeestablishedafterthewar.InDecember,1941,JapanlaunchedtheunprovokedattackontheUnitedStatesatPearlHarbor.Immediatelythereafter,GermanydeclaredwarontheUnitedStates.1.Oneitemoccurringbefore1937thattheauthordoesnotmentioninhislistofactionsthatalienatedtheAmericanpublicwas_____.2.TheLend-LeaseActwasdesignedto_____.3.Americanpolicyduringtheyears1935-1936maybedescribedasbeing______.4.TheNeutralityActof1939______.5.WeenteredthewaragainstGermany________.问题1选项A.theburningoftheReichstagB.GermanplansforconquestC.NazibarbarismD.thepersecutionofreligiousgroup问题2选项A.helptheBritishB.strengthenthenationaldefenseoftheUnitedStatesC.promotetheAtlanticCharterD.avengePearlHarbor问题3选项A.watchfulB.isolationistC.peacefulD.indifferent问题4选项A.permittedthesellingofarmstobelligerentnationsB.antagonizedJapanC.permittedtheBritishtotradeonlywiththeAlliesD.ledtotheLend-LeaseAct问题5选项A.becauseGermanydeclaredwarB.becauseJapanwasanallyofGermanyC.afterGermanyhadsignedtheNazi-SovietPactD.afterpeacefuleffortshadfailed5.单选题Withallitsadvantages,thecomputerisbynomeanswithoutits（

）.问题1选项A.boundariesB.restraintsC.confinementsD.limitations6.单选题Aftertheelection,anewsituationislikelyto（

）. 问题1选项A.riseB.raiseC.ariseD.arouse7.单选题

Hefailedto（

）himselftothenewenvironment.问题1选项A.adoptB.adaptC.attachD.abduct8.单选题BarbaraStrozziwasasingerandcomposerofmadrigalsariasandcantataspublishedinVenicebetween1644and1664.Heruseofthesevocalformsplacesherdirectlywithinthecantatatraditionofthemid-seventeenthcentury,alongwithsuchmayorfigureasRossi,Carissimi,andCesti.WiththenotableexceptionofFrancescaCaccioi(1587-1640),sheistheonlyknownwomanamongthemanyariaandcantatacomposersofseventeenth-centuryItaly,andis,presumably,amongtheveryfewwomenoftheperiodtohavepursuedacareerasacomposerandtohaveachievedsomemeasureofpublicrecognition.Thishistoricaldistinctionattractedattentiontoherworksearlyinthepresentcentury,evenwhenthemusicofmostofhermalecontemporaries,and,indeed,mostwomencomposersofanyera,remainedrelativelyignored.Butappreciationofherstylewaslimitedbyprevailingconventiontoanisolationofitssupposedlyfemininequalities:“greatspontaneity,exquisitegrace,marvelouslyfinetaste.”Suchanappreciationnowappearsirrelevantaswellaspolemicalinitsincompletenessbecauseweareinabetterposition-withregardtobothhistoricalknowledgeandsocialawareness-toattemptamorepreciseevaluationforasomewhatanomalous(unusual)figurelikeBarbaraStrozzi.Bornin1619inVenice,shegrewupinthehomeofGiulioStrozzi,arenownedpoetandleadingfigureamongVenetianintellectuals.Barbara’spresenceinGiulio’shouseholdguaranteedheranearlyandfullexposuretoVenetianmusicalandliterarysociety.Indeed,shewasabletoenteraworldthatwas,apparently,closedtoothermembersofhersex.Similarly,FrancescaCaccini,themostprominentandsuccessfulItalianwomancomposeroftheperiod,wasthedaughterofprofessionmusiciansandthereforeexposedtomusicfrominfancy.Thisparallelsuggeststhatsuchanenvironmentmayhavebeenessentialforthedevelopmentofafemalecomposer.1.Accordingtothepassage,BarbaraStrozzi’smusicattractedattentionearlyinthetwentiethcenturybecauseof（

）.2.Theauthor’suseoftheword“supposedly”(line4,Para.2)implieswhichofthefollowing?3.TheauthorofthepassagebasesherassertionthatStrozziisoneoftheveryfewseventeenth-centuryItalianwomencomposersonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?4.TheauthorofthepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingwasmostessentialtothesuccessofbothFrancescaCacciniandBarbaraStrozzi?5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatallofthefollowingmadeBarbaraStrozzi“asomewhatanomalousfigure”EXCEPT（

）.问题1选项A.itsuniquelyprivatecharacterB.itsinfluenceonFrancescaCacciniC.thescarcityofseventeenth-centurywomencomposersD.theunconventionalityofitsforms问题2选项A.Theauthordoubtsthehistoricalauthenticityofthequotationthatfollows.B.Theauthordoubtstheaccuracyofthefactssheisreporting.C.Theauthordisagreeswiththejudgmentsheisdiscussing.D.TheauthordoesnotbelievethatStrozzi9smusichasthequalitiescitedinthequotation.问题3选项A.Publicrecognitionisanindispensablepartofacareerasacomposer.B.StrozziandCacciniwereinfluencedbythesamecomposers.C.Themusicofanywomancomposerwhomherseventeenth-centurycontemporariesregardedasnoteworthywouldbeknowntomodemscholars.D.Thecantatatraditionofthemed-seventeenthcenturyincludescomposersscholarsandperformersofmadrigalsandariasaswellascantatas.问题4选项A.TheirpresenceinVeniceatatimewhenvocalmusicnourished.B.Theirearlyfirsthandexposuretomusicandmusicians.C.Thelackofcompetitionfromothercomposers.D.Thepopularityofmadrigalsandcantatasinseventeenth-centuryItaly.问题5选项A.shewasawomancomposerduringtheseventeenthcenturyB.shedidnotwritedramaticworksforvoiceC.shedidnotperformoperaticworksD.shewrotemovingvocalworks9.单选题Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeepermoreimportantrelationships.Researchexperienceisanessentialelementofhiringandpromotionataresearchuniversitybecauseitistheemphasisonresearchthatdistinguishessuchauniversityfromanartscollege.Someprofessors,however,neglectteachingforresearchandthatpresentsaproblem.Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallyforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallengedbutdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive.Themildprofessorgetsoverallratingsthatareusuallyhigh,butthereisasenseofdisappointmentonthepartofthebeststudents,exactlythoseforwhomthesystemshouldpresentthegreatestchallenges.Thus,auniversitytryingtopromoteprofessorsprimarilyonthebasisofteachingqualitieswouldhavetoconfrontthisconfusion.Asmodernsciencemovesfaster,twoforcesareexertedonprofessors:oneisthetimeneededtokeepupwiththeprofession;theotheristhetimeneededtoteach.Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellastheartscollege.Althoughscientistsareusually“made”intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe“lost”bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.Thesolutionisnottoseparateteachingandresearchbuttorecognizethatthecombinationisdifficultbutvital.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofessanditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorsunwillingtoteachcanbecalled“distinguishedresearchinvestigators”orsomethingelse.Thepaceofmodernsciencemakesitincreasinglydifficulttobeagreatresearcherandagreat.Yetmanyaredescribedinjustthoseterms.Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystem,butthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.1.Whatideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?2.Inacademicpromotionsresearchuniversitiesstillattachmoreimportancetoresearchpartlybecause（

）.3.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,whichofthefollowingwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?4.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhofirstandforemostdo（

）.5.Thephrase"theproblem”(Line3,Para.5)refersto（

）.问题1选项A.Therelationshipbetweenteachingandresearchshouldnotbesimplified.B.Teachingandresearcharecontradictory.C.Researchcanneverbeemphasizedtoomuch.D.Itiswrongtooverestimatetheimportanceofteaching.问题2选项A.researchimprovesthequalityofteachingB.studentswhowanttobechallengedappreciateresearchprofessorsC.professorswithachievementsinresearchareusuallyresponsibleandtoughD.itisdifficulttoevaluateteachingqualityobjectively问题3选项A.Distinguishedprofessorsatresearchuniversitiesshouldconcentrateonresearchonly.B.Itisofutmostimportancetoimproveteachinginelementaryschoolsinordertotrainnewscientists.C.Theseparationofteachingfromresearchcanlowerthequalityoffuturescientists.D.Therapiddevelopmentofmodernsciencemakesitimpossibletocombineteachingwithresearch.问题4选项A.scientificresearchB.teachingC.fieldworkD.investigation问题5选项A.raisingthestatusofteachingB.theseparationofteachingfromresearchC.thecombinationofteachingwithresearchD.improvingthestatusofresearch10.单选题

Everyoneknowsthatthespeedofanairplane___thatofaship.问题1选项A.transplantsB.transfersC.transcendsD.transforms第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】第1题:B第2题:E第3题:C第4题:E第5题:E【解析】1.【选项释义】Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing____.本文主要讨论____。A.awaytoisolateelectronsA.隔离电子的方法B.thecharacteristicsofanewkindofcrystalB.一种新型晶体的特性C.thestructureofanionicsaltC.离子盐的结构D.commercialusesforelectridesD.电子器件的商业用途E.thepropertiesofionsE.离子的性质【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据本文Para.2可知，“最近，密歇根州立大学的科学家们发明了一种叫做电子晶体的新型晶体。”下文都是描述该晶体的特点。【干扰项排除】A选项“隔离电子的方法”，属于无中生有;C选项“离子盐的结构”，文中主要讲的是通过离子盐获得的新型晶体的特性结构等，而非离子盐，这里属于张冠李戴;D选项“电子器件的商业用途”，文中没有涉及，属于无中生有；E选项“离子的性质”，文中有提到离子，但是并不是主要讲述离子，而是讲晶体，这里属于以偏概全。2.【选项释义】Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith____.在第一段中，作者主要关注____。A.introducingavariantonthestandardatomictheoryA.介绍标准原子理论的一个变体B.describinghowchlorineatomscanbecomenegativelychargedB.描述氯原子如何带负电荷C.describingsomeearlyresearchatMichiganStateUniversityC.描述密歇根州立大学的一些早期研究D.presentingtheidentifyingpropertiesofanelectrideD.给出电子化合物的识别特性E.providingbackgroundforthetechnicaldiscussiontofollowE.为接下来的技术讨论提供背景【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据出处提示词Paragraph1与题干信息词可定位到Para.1，该处主要讲离子盐这种晶体的电子变化。从离子盐这种最基本的晶体来引出下文中的新型晶体。因此选E。【干扰项排除】A选项“介绍标准原子理论的一个变体”属于无中生有;B选项“描述氯原子如何带负电荷”，并不是作者主要关注的点，属于本末倒置;C选项“描述密歇根州立大学的一些早期研究”，第一段并没有讲该大学，属于无中生有；D选项“给出电子化合物的识别特性”，并没有给出电子化合物的特性，只是拿离子盐做例子，属于无中生有。3.【选项释义】Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthedifferencesbetweenthebehaviorofanionicelectronsandnormalanionsresultfromwhichofthefollowingfeaturesofelectrons,ascomparedtonormalanions?I.Themuchlowermassofelectrons.II.Themuchgreatertendencyofelectronstointeractwithoneanotheroverlargedistances.III.Themuchgreaterlikelihoodofelectronstoremaintrappedinnaturallyformedanioniccavities.从文章中可以推断出，与正常阴离子相比，阴离子电子和正常阴离子之间的行为差异源于电子的下列哪个特征?1.电子的质量更低。2.在很远的距离内电子之间相互作用的更大趋势。3.电子被困在自然形成的阴离子空腔中的可能性要大得多。A.Ionly.A.只有1。B.IIonly.B.只有2。C.IandIIonly.C.只有1和2。D.IandIIIonly.D.只有1和3。E.IIandIIIonly.E.只有2和3。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到Para.3该处讲到“与其他类型的阴离子不同，阴离子电子的行为不像简单的带电球体。特别是，由于它们的质量很低（lowmass）”，还讲“它们倾向于在很远的距离内相互作用”。因此1和2正确。比对选项，C选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】选项3中“电子被困在自然形成的阴离子空腔中的可能性要大得多”，文中提到“电子体的特性很大程度上取决于容纳被捕获电子的空腔之间的距离……当它们更接近时，整体性质占主导地位，电子‘离域’：它们不再被紧紧束缚在单独的空腔内，而是或多或少地在正离子框架内自由通过空间。”换言之，电子没有被困在阴离子空腔中。3选项错误，和原文相悖。A、B、D、E错误。4.【选项释义】Accordingtothepassage,thedefiningcharacteristicofanelectrideiswhichofthefollowing?根据文章，电子化合物的定义特征是下列哪一个?A.Itspositiveionsareofparticularlylowmass.A.它的正离子质量特别低。B.Itsionspossessidenticalelectricalcharges.B.它的离子具有相同的电荷。C.Itcontainsaframeworkofregularlystackedions.C.它包含了一个由有序堆叠的离子组成的框架。D.Itsionsdemonstratestrongmutualattraction.D.它的离子表现出强烈的相互吸引力。E.Itsnegativeionsconsistsolelyofelectrons.E.它的负离子完全由电子组成。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到Para.2第二句，该处讲到“在电子化合物中，负离子被电子完全取代”，即它的负离子由电子组成。因此E选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“它的正离子质量特别低”，文中没有提到，属于无中生有;B选项“它的离子具有相同的电荷”文中没有提及，属于无中生有;C选项“它包含了一个由有序堆叠的离子组成的框架”，文中Para.2提到“这些电子被困在自然形成的空腔中，而这个空腔是由有序堆叠的阳离子组成的”，意思是这个空腔是由有序堆叠的离子组成的，而非电子化合物，该选项张冠李戴；D选项“它的离子表现出强烈的相互吸引力”，Para.4中提到“电子化合物的特性很大程度上取决于容纳被捕获电子的空腔之间的距离。当被捕获的电子相距较远时，它们的相互作用就不强烈”，所以它的离子并没有表现出强烈的相互吸引力，该选项属于反向干扰。5.【选项释义】Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatanionsbehavingas“simplechargedspheres”(3rdparagraph)couldbeexpectedto________.从这篇文章可以推断，阴离子的行为是“简单的带电球体”（第三段），可预知____。A.readilyloseelectronsandbecomepositivelychargedA.容易失去电子而带正电B.movefreelyinandoutoftheircavitiesB.它们可以自由进出空腔C.respondtophotonsbyliberatingelectronsC.通过释放电子对光子作出反应D.stackwithotheranionstocreatearegularframeworkD.与其他阴离子堆叠，创建一个规则的框架E.remainfixedrelativetotheircationsE．相对于它们的阳离子保持不变【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】题目的重点在于anionsbehavingas“simplechargedspheres”（表现为“简单的带电球体”的阴离子），可以定位到原文Para.3第一句“与其他类型的阴离子不同，阴离子电子的行为不像是简单的带电球体”，这是一道反向推理题，第一句中的“donotbehaveasif...”表明第三段的阴离子电子特点与表现为“简单的带电球体”的阴离子的特点相反，所以要进行反向推理。第二句中该处讲到“它们不能被‘固定’在任何一个位置（“pinneddown”toanyonelocation）”可知阴离子电子特点是不能被固定在任何一个位置，则“简单的带电球体”的阴离子可以被固定住。该题选E。【干扰项排除】A选项“容易失去电子而带正电”，文中没有涉及，属于无中生有；B选项“它们可以自由进出空腔”，阴离子电子可以进出空腔，但是阴离子不可以，属于张冠李戴;C选项“通过释放电子对光子做出反应”，阴离子电子与附近空腔内的电子相互作用，而不是阴离子，属于张冠李戴。D选项“与其他阴离子堆叠，创建一个规则的框架”，文中提到“空腔是由有序堆叠的阳离子（正离子）组成的”而不是阴离子电子与阴离子堆叠创建框架，属于无中生有。2.【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。submerge“淹没，把……浸入，沉浸”；plunge“跳进，使突然地下落”；duck“躲避”；immerse“沉浸，使陷入”。句意：他们从悬崖潜入深水池，完成了一个完美的跳水动作。只有B项符合题意，从悬崖跳入深水池，速度很快，快速下落。3.【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。underdiscussion“在讨论中”。句意：法官批评了律师，因为他没有在讨论中就这个话题发表言论。B项正确。4.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.【选项释义】Oneitemoccurringbefore1937thattheauthordoesnotmentioninhislistofactionsthatalienatedtheAmericanpublicwas____.有一件事发生在1937年之前，但作者在他的疏远美国公众的行为清单中没有提到的是____。A.theburningoftheReichstagA.国会大厦的焚毁B.GermanplansforconquestB.德国征服计划C.NazibarbarismC.纳粹暴虐D.thepersecutionofreligiousgroupD.宗教团体的迫害【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到Para.1第二句，该处讲到“对犹太人的迫害（thepersecutionofJews）”“纳粹的暴虐（barbarismoftheNazis）”以及“德国征服计划（theplansofGermany…forworldconquest）”。B、C、D都有提到，只有A没有。因此选A。【干扰项排除】A选项国会大厦的焚毁，属于无中生有。2.【选项释义】TheLend-LeaseActwasdesignedto____.租借法案的目的是____。A.helptheBritishA.帮助英国B.strengthenthenationaldefenseoftheUnitedStatesB.加强美国的国防C.promotetheAtlanticCharterC.促进《大西洋宪章》D.avengePearlHarborD.珍珠港报仇【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息词Lend-LeaseAct可定位到倒数第二段1941处，该处讲到“这项法案的目的是为了保卫美国（forthedefenseoftheUnitedStates）”。换言之，就是加强美国的国防。比对选项，B选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“帮助英国”，这个法案颁布后确实给英国提供了帮助，但是这不是美国的根本目的。A选项属于本末倒置；C选项“促进《大西洋宪章》”，文中没有提到，C选项属于无中生有；D选项“珍珠港报仇”，文中没有提及两者的关系，D选项属于无中生有。3.【选项释义】Americanpolicyduringtheyears1935-1936maybedescribedasbeing____.美国在1935-1936年间的政策可以被描述为____。A.watchfulA.注意的；警惕的B.isolationistB.孤立主义的C.peacefulC.和平的，爱好和平的D.indifferentD.冷淡的，不关心的【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据出处提示词1935-1936与题干信息词Americanpolicy可定位到Para.3第一句，该处讲到“1935-1936的中立法案（TheNeutralityActsof1935and1936）”。还讲到“美国人民普遍支持孤立政策（theAmericanpeoplegenerallyfavoredisolationistpoliciesandneutrality）”。比对选项，B选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“注意的”，属于无中生有；C选项“和平的”，属于无中生有；D选项“冷淡的”，属于无中生有。4.【选项释义】TheNeutralityActof1939____.1939年《中立法案》____。A.permittedthesellingofarmstobelligerentnationsA.允许向交战国家出售武器B.antagonizedJapanB.对抗日本C.permittedtheBritishtotradeonlywiththeAlliesC.允许英国只与协约国进行贸易D.ledtotheLend-LeaseActD.导致了《租借法案》的出台【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息词TheNeutralityActof1939可定位到倒数第三段第二句，该处讲到“废弃了武器禁运，允许向交战国家‘现购自运’出口武器”。换言之，允许对交战国家出口武器。比对选项，A选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“对抗日本”，属于无中生有；C选项“允许英国只与协约国进行贸易”，属于无中生有；D选项“导致了《租借法案》的出台”，文中没有提及两者关系，D选项属于过度推断。5.【选项释义】WeenteredthewaragainstGermany____.我们参加了对德战争____。A.becauseGermanydeclaredwarA.因为德国宣战了B.becauseJapanwasanallyofGermanyB.因为日本是德国的盟友C.afterGermanyhadsignedtheNazi-SovietC.在德国签署了纳粹—苏联条约之后D.afterpeacefuleffortshadfailedD.在和平努力失败之后【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段，该处讲到“GermanydeclaredwarontheUnitedStates.”。因为前文一直讲到美国处于中立状态，所以德国宣战后美国才参加了对德战争。比对选项，A选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“因为日本是德国的盟友”，属于无中生有；C选项“在德国签署了纳粹-苏联条约之后”，文中没有提过，属于无中生有；D选项“在和平努力失败之后”，文中美国一直处于中立状态，没有进行和平努力，属于无中生有。5.【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。boundary“边界，界限”；restraint“抑制，克制”；confinement“限制，监禁”；limitation“限制，局限性”。句意：这台计算机有很多优点，但并不是没有局限性。由bynomeans“并非，决不”可知后半句与前半句为转折关系。故D项正确。6.【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。rise“上升，增强”；raise“提升，增加，养育”；arise“出现，上升，起立”；arouse“引起，唤醒，鼓励”。句意：选举之后，一种新形势可能要出现了。C项符合题意。7.【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。adopt“采用，收养”；adapt“适应”；attach“使联系，使依附”；abduct“绑架，诱拐”。句意：他不能适应新环境。B项符合题意。8.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第二段提到这一历史上的与众不同在本世纪初吸引了人们对她作品的关注，而这时大多数和她同时代的男性作曲家，甚至任何时代的女性作曲家的作品，仍然相对被忽视（Thishistoricaldistinctionattractedattentiontoherworksearlyinthepresentcentury,evenwhenthemusicofmostofhermalecontemporaries,and,indeed,mostwomencomposersofanyera,remainedrelativelyignored），由此可知她的作品之所以吸引别人的关注是因为她作品的与众不同，选项D符合题意。2.推理判断题。文章第二段提到对她风格的欣赏受到了主流传统的限制，局限于对其女性化特质的孤立：自发性、精致的优雅、绝妙的品味（Butappreciationofherstylewaslimitedbyprevailingconventiontoanisolationofitssupposedlyfemininequalities:“greatspontaneity,exquisitegrace,marvelouslyfinetaste”），由此可知作者并不赞成这种观点，因此选项C符合题意。3.推理判断题。文章第一段最后一句话提到她是十七世纪意大利众多咏叹调和大合唱作曲家中唯一知名的女性，而