2012年职称英语等级考试真题理工类

20122012(理工类B级1.AlltheflatsinthebuildinghadthesameA. B. C. D.2.ThestormA. B. C. D.3.ThewallsaremadeA. B. C. D.4.Joecametothewindowasthe―JJoe,Joe.A.A.B.C.D.6.OuraimwastoupdatethehealthserviceandweA. B. C. D.7.manyyoungpeopletotakeuptheA. B. C. D.8.ThecitycenterwipedbytheA. B. C. D.9.MostbabiestakeawiderangeoffoodA. B. C. D.10.Alarge11.11.TheweatherwascrispandclearandyoucouldseethemountainsA. B. C. D.12.WhatpuzzlesmeiswhyhisbooksaresoD.C.B.A.A. B. C. D.14.ThecontempthefeltforhisfellowstudentswasA. B. C. D.15.Hercommentsaboutmenareutterly果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。EasternQuakesCanTriggerBigInthefirstweekofNovember2011,peopleincentralOklahomaexperiencedmorethantwodozenearthquakes.Thelargest,amagnitude5.6quake,shookthousandsoffansinacollegefootballstadium,causedcracksinafewbuildingsandrattledthenervesofmanypeoplewhohadneverfeltaquakebefore.Oklahomaisnotanareaofthecountryfamousforitsquakes.IfyouwatchthenewsonTV,youseereportsaboutallsortsofnaturaldisasters—hurricanes,tornadoes,floodingandwildfires,tonameafew.Butthemostdangeroustypeofnaturaldisaster,alsothemostunpredictable,istheResearchersattheU.S.GeologicalSurveyestimatethatseveralmillionearthquakesrattletheglobeeachyear.Thatmaysoundscary,butpeopledon’tfeelmanyofthetremorsbecausetheyhappeninremoteandunpopulatedregions.Manyquakeshappenundertheocean,andothershaveaverysmallmagnitude,orshakingintensity.Amagnitude5.8earthquakethatstruckcentralVirginiatheafternoonofAugust23,2011,wasfeltfromcentralGeorgiatosoutheasternCanada.Inmanyurbanareas,includingWashington,D.C.,andNewYorkCity(WallStreetshown),peoplecrowdedthestreetswhileengineersinspectedbuildings.Scientistsknowaboutsmall,remotequakesonlybecauseofverysensitiveelectronicdevicescalledseismometers.Thesedevicesdetectandmeasurethesizeofgroundvibrationsproducedbyearthquakes.Altogether,USGSresearchersuseseismometerstoidentifyandlocateabout20,000earthquakeseachyear.Althoughearthquakescanhappenanywhereintheworld,reallybigquakesoccuronlyincertainareas.Thelargestonesregisteramagnitude8orhigherandhappen,onaverage,onlyonceeachyear.SuchbigonestypicallyoccuralongalongtheedgesofEarth’stectonic tesarehugepiecesofEarth’scrust,sometimesmanykilometersthick. tescover surfacelikeajigsawpuzzle.Often,jaggededgesofthesetestemporarilylocktogether.Whentesjostleandscrapepasteachotherearthquakesoccur.Onaverage,tectonictesmoveveryslowly—aboutthesamespeedasyourfingernailsgrow.Butsometimesearthquakesrumblethroughportionsofthelandscapefarfromate’sedges.Althoughlessexpected,thesemdte‖tremorscandosubstantialdamage.SomeofthebiggestknownexamplesrattledtheeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatestwocenturiesago.Today,scientistsarestillpuzzlingoverwhythequakesoccurredandwhensimilaronesmightoccur.OklahomaisanareaoftenexperiencingnaturalA.A. B. C.notTheearthquakeisthemostunpredictablenaturalA.A. B. C.notA. B. C.A. B. C.not19.Seismometerscanidentifyandlocatemostoftheearthquakes.A. B. C.not20.Bigearthquakesofamagnitude8orhigherseldomhappenfarfromtheedgesoftectonic A. B. C.not21.Whenevertectonic A. B. C.notTheearthquakethathittheeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatestwocenturiesagoisthebiggestmd te‖oneinA.A. B. C.not27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。Haveyoueverriddenonaballoon?Manytouristspotsofferballoonridesinorderforpeopletoseethebeautyofcecefromabove.Aballooncontainsanoblegascalledhelium.Formerly,balloonscontainedhydrogenhydrogenisverybleanddangerouswhenuncontrolled.Therefore,peopleshiftedtohelium,whichisHeliumissafebecauseithasthepropertiesofthenoblePeopleoncebelievedthatnoblegasescouldn’tchemicallyreactatall.Forthisreason,theywerecalledinertgases.TheywerealsoclusteredunderGroup0intheoldperiodictablebecausescientistsbelievedthatthegaseshavezerovalenceelectronsintheirouters .Thiswaslaterproventobeuntruewhensomenoblegascompoundswerediscovered.Thegasesareelements,whichsharesimilarproperties.Thesepropertiesincludebeingmonoatomic,colorless,odorless,beingabletoconductelectricity,andhavinglowchemicalreactivity.NoblegasesincludeHelium,Neon,ArgonKryptonXenonandRadonTheseareallfoundinGroup18intherightmostcolumnoftheperiodictableIfyoulookattheperiodictable,youwillnoticethattheseelementsaretheonlyoneswhichdonothaveacharge.Heliumhasthelowestmolecular（分子的）weightwhileRadonistheheaviest.Rememberthatchemicalreactionsoccurbecauseatomshave―lneelectrons,whichareelectronsinouters .Whentheouters isillortherequirednumberofelectronsisnotyetcomplete,theatomismorereactive.Noblegaseshaveafullouters ,meaningthattheyhavecompleteelectronsintheirouters .Thiscompletenumbervaries.Forinstance,theouters ofHeliumhas2valenceelectronswhiletheouters ofXenonhas8electrons.Nowadays,thereremainstobeafewnoblegasesbecauseoftheinherentlowchemicalreactivityofthesesaidgases.Becauseoftheirproperties,noblegaseshavemanyimportantapplications.Theyarewidelyusedinrecreation,medicineandindustries.Forinstance,LiquidHeliumisusedforsuperconductingmagnets（磁体）.Thesemagnetsareveryimportantinphysicsandmedicine.Whenadoctor sthata ’sbrainhasbeendamaged,hemightrequestforMagneticResonanceImaging(MRI).MRIallowsthedoctortoeethebrain,withoutoperatingonthepatient. WhatWhataretheapplicationsofnobleHowwerenoblegasesWhatarenobleWhatcausethelowchemicalreactivityofnobleHowwerenoblegasesunderstoodintheWhatistheperiodic5.Becauseoftheirproperties,noblegaseshavemanyimportantapplications.Theyarewidelyusedinrecreation,medicineandindustries.Forinstance,LiquidHeliumisusedforsuperconductingmagnets（磁体）.Thesemagnetsareveryimportantinphysicsandmedicine.Whenadoctor sthata ’sbrainhasbeendamaged,hemightrequestforMagneticResonanceImaging(MRI).MRIallowsthedoctortoeethebrain,withoutoperatingonthepatient. Noblegasesarenot AmongtheelementsofnoblegasesHeliumis Therequirednumberofelectronsinnoblegases`outer is MRImaymakeoperatingonthepatient 第一篇ActiveGallery:ThebestofBionics(仿生学) Humansmightbethemosthighly-evolvedspeciesonthe net,butmostanimalspossessskillswecanonlydreamofhaving.Imaginehowmuchelectricitywecouldsaveifwecouldseeinthedarkthewaycatsdo.Imagineleafromtreetotreelikeamonkey.Giraffes(长颈鹿),whichareotherwisecalmandgood-natured,sleeponly4.6hoursaWeWerealizedalong,longtimeagothatnatureprovidesthebestblueprint(蓝图)forinventionWe’veborrowedcsiihistoryshowsthatnaturehasalwaysprovidedideasonsolvingeverydayproblems.Ourarchives（）don’tgobacktothetimeofLeonardodaVinciandhisbird-likeflyingmachines,butwecantakeyoutothelate19thcentury,whereweappliedthosesameprinciplesforbuildingourfirstpracticalairnes.TopreparefortheirflightatKittyHawktheWrightbrothersstudiedthemovementsofpigeonstofigureouthowtheystayedhighupwhentheywereheavierthanair.TheirsuccessinspiredscoresofsuccessorstoimproveontheairnebystudyingvariousaspectsofnatureOneofOrvilleWright’spupilscaughtandstuffedseagullstoexaminetheirwingspan.Meanwhile,twoFrenchinventorsexaminedspinningsycamore(梧桐)seedsinanefforttoapplythosesamemotions,reversed,toahelicopter.SomeexamplesaremoreobviousthanothersTheoutsideoftheairnedesignedbytheWrightbrotherslookslikeaminimalistic(简单抽象艺术)structure.Ontheotherhand,BarneyConnett’sfishsubmarine(潜水艇actuallylookslikeafish.Somebio-inspiredconceptshaveyettobeinvented.Inthe1960s,theUSArmycommissionedseveraluniversityprofessorstoconductresearchonthemotorskillsanimalsinhopeofapplyingthosesameabilitiesto.thatrunlikehorsesorjumplikegrasshoppers(蚂蚱)-soundsshockingdoesn’titButimaginehowlifewouldchangeifwecouldachievethat.Cas"monkeys"and―afesmentionedinparagraph1areexamplestotheyarehighly-evolvedspeciesashumanscanlearnanimals'theyareskillfulindifferentanimalshaveskillsthathumansdonotWhichofthefollowingcanbefoundinthearchiveTheWrightbrothers’Firstpractical nesbuiltinthelate19thLeonardodaVinci'sbird-likeflyingWhathappenedaftertheWrightbrothers'PeoplecarriedoutasystematicstudyonPeoplestudiedmoreanimalsand ntstodevelopthe Peoplecouldflytheir neforPeoplekepttheir neataFrenchWhichofthefollowingintrueabouttheresearchcarriedoutbytheUSIthaschangedourIthascostalargesumofIthasimprovedtheabilitiesof IthasnotsucceededWhatdoesthewriterwantto lintheManyinventionsgetideasfromSomeanimalspossessuniquePeopleshouldprotectBionicsisfarfrom 第二篇GrossNationalHappiness Inthelastcentury,newtechnologyimprovedthelivesofmanypeopleinmanycountries.However,onecountryresistedthesechanges.HighintheHimalayanmountainsofAsia,thekingdomofBhutanremainedseparate.ItspeopleandBuddhitculturehadnotbeenaffectedforalmostathousandyears.Bhutan,however，wasapoorcountry.Peoplediedatayoungage.Mostofitspeoplecouldnotread,andtheydidnotknowmuchabouttheoutsideworld.Then,in1972,anewrulernamedKingJigmeSingyeWangchuckdecidedtohelpBhutan modern,butwithoutlosingitsKingWangchucklookedatothercountriesforideas.HesawthatmostcountriesmeasuredtheirprogressbytheirGrossNatonalProduct（GNP）.TheGNPmeasuresproductsandmoney.Whenthenumberofproductssoldincreasespeoplesaythecountryismakingprogress.KingWangchuckhadadifferentideaforBhutan.Hewantedtomeasurehiscountry’sprogressbypeople’shappiness.Ifthepeople’shappinessincreased,thekingcouldsaythatBhutanwasmakingprogress.Todecideifpeoplewerehappier,hecreatedameasurecalledGrossNationalGNHisbasedoncertainprinciplesthatcreatehappiness.Peoplearehappieriftheyhavehealthcare,andjobs.Theyarehappierwhentheyliveinahealthy,protectedenvironment.Theyarehappierwhentheycankeeptheirtraditionalcultureandcustoms.Finally,peoplearehappierwhentheyhaveagood,stableernment.NowtheseissomeevidenceofincreasedGNHinBhutan.Peoplearehealthierandarelivinglonger.Morepeopleareeducatedandemployed.Teenty-fivepercentofthelandhas enationalparks,andthecountryhasalmostnopollution.TheBhutanesecontinuetoweartheirtraditionalclothingandfollowtheirancientBuddhistcustoms.Bhutanhasalso eademocracy.In2008,KingWangchuckgavehispowertohisson.Althoughthecountrystillhadaking,ithelditsfirstdemocraticelectionsthatyear.Bhutanhadpoliticalpartiesandpoliticalcandidatesforthefirsttime.Finally,Bhutanhasconnectedtotherestoftheworldthroughevisionandinternet.Bhutanisasymbolforsocialprogress.ManycountriesarenowinterestedinBhutan’sGNH.Thesecountriesareinvestigatingtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.Theywanttocreatenewpoliciesthattakecareoftheirpeople,cultures,andland.BrazilmaybethenestcountrytousetheprinciplesofGNH.BrazilianleadersseetheprinciplesofGNHasasourceofinspiration.Brazilisalargecountrywithadiversepopulation.IfhappinessworksasameasureofprogressinBrazil,perhapstherestoftheworldwillWhowasJigmeSingyeA ABuddhistAAApartfrommodernizingBhutan,whatelsedidWangchuckwanttodoforTomakeitspopulationTokeepitseparatefromtheToencourageitspeopletogetTokeepitstraditionandAcountryshowsitsprogresswithGNPsellingmorespendingmorespendinglessprovidingmoreAccordingtoGNH,peoplearehappierifhavenewcanchangetheirhaveagood,stable havemoreToday,manycountriesusingtheprinciplesofGNHtomeasuretheirworkingtogethertodevelopacommonscaletomeasuretakingbothBhutanandBrazilassymbolsforsocialtryingtofindtheirownwaystomeasure 第三篇"LifeFormFound"onSaturn'sTitan ScientistssaytheyhavediscoveredhintsofalienlifeontheSaturn'smoon.ThediscoveryofasortoflifewasannouncedafterresearchersattheUSspaceagency,NASA,yzeddatafromspacecraftCassini,whichpointedtotheexistenceofmethane-basedformoflifeonSaturn'sbiggestmoon.Scientistshavereportedlydiscoveredcluesshowingprimitivealienbeingsare"breathing"inTitan'sdenseatmospherefilledwithhydrogen.TheyarguethathydrogengetsabsorbedbeforehittingTitan'snet-likesurfacecoveredwithmethanelakesandrivers.This,theysay,pointstotheexistenceofsome"bugs"consumingthehydrogenatthesurfaceofthemoonlessthanhalfthesizeoftheEarth."Wesuggestedhydrogenconsumptionbecauseit'stheobviousgasforlifetoconsumeonTitan,similartothewayweconsumeoxygenonEarth,"saysNASAscientistChrisMcKay."Ifthesesignsdoturnouttobeasignoflife,itwouldbedoublyexcitingbecauseitwouldrepresentasecondformoflifeindependentfromwater-basedlifeonTodate,scientistshavenotyetdetectedthisformoflifeanywhere,thoughthereareliquid-water-basedmicroorganismsonEarththatgrowwellonmethaneorproduceitasawasteproduct.OnTitan,wheretemperaturesarearound90Kelvin(minus290degreesFahrenheit),amethane-basedorganismwouldhavetouseasubstancethatisliquidasitsmediumforlivingprocesses,butnotwateritself.WaterisfrozensolidonTitan'ssurfaceandmuchtoocoldtosupportlifeasweknowScientistshadexpectedtheSun'sinctionswithchemicalsintheatmospheretoproduceacoatingofacetyleneonTitan'ssurface.ButCassinidetectednoacetyleneonthesurface.TheabsenceofdetectableacetyleneontheTitan'ssurfacecanverywellhaveanon-biologicalexnation,saidMarkAllen,aprincipalinvestigatoroftheNASATitanteam."Scientificconservatismsuggeststhatabiologicalexnationshouldbethelastchoiceafterallnon-biologicalexnationsareaddressed."Allensaid."Wehavealotofworktodotoruleoutpossiblenon-biologicalexnations.Itismorelikelythatachemicalprocess,withoutbiology,canexintheseresults."WhatdoscientistsclaimtohavefoundaboutWater-basedlifeonMethane—basedlifeonitsbiggestAnewmoonmovingaroundEarthlikelifeonitsbiggestWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutTitanisItisaslargeastheThereisacetyleneonitsWateronitasalifesupportingHydrogenconsumptionisreportedtobeonTheexpression"thisformoflife"inparagraph5refersliquid-basedItcanbeinferredfromMarkAllen’saddressScientistsaretryingtoconformthereislifeonScientistsagreethatachemicalreactionisaconvincing Scientistssharetheopinionthatabiological nationisScientistsarearguingoverwhetherthereislifeonWhichofthefollowingcan cethetitleofthisAdifferentLifeForm,aEarthlikeLivingBeingsFoundonFindingofOneMoreMoonofD.D.Titan,aNew lite VoiceYourOpinion:ChangeIsNeededInYouthSports Everywhereyoulook,youseekidsbouncingabasketballorwavingatennisracquet(网球拍）.Andthesekidsaregettingyoungerandyounger.Insomecountries,childrencancompeteonbasketball,baseball,andvolleyballteamsstartingatagenine. （46）Andswimmingandgymnasticsclassesbeginatagefour,topreparechildrenforcompetition.It'struethatafewofthesekidswilldevelopintohighlyskilledathletesandmayeven membersofthenationalOlympicteams. （47）Thisemphasisoncompetitioninsportsishavingseriousnegativeeffects.Childrenwhogetinvolvedincompetitivesportsatayoungageoftengrowtiredoftheirsport.Manyparentspressuretheirkidstochooseonesportanddevotealltheirtimetoit. （48）But66percentoftheyoungathleteswantedtoymorethanonesport-forfun.Anotherproblemisthepressureimposedby petitiveparentsandcoaches.Childrenarenotnaturallycompetitive.Infact,arecentstudybyPauloDavidfoundthatmostchildrendon’tevenunderstandtheideaofcompetitionuntiltheyaresevenyearsold. problemforyoungathletesisthelackoftimetodotheir ,havefun,bewithfriends—inshort,timetobekids.Whentheyaredtospendeveryafternoonatsportspractice,theyoftenstarttohatetheirchosensport.Asearchersfoundthat70percentofkidswhotakepartincompetitivesportsbeforetheoftwelvequitbeforetheyturn （50）Excessivecompetitiveawayalltheenjoyment.Needtorememberthepurposeofyouthsports–togivekidsachancetohavedevelostrong,healthySurveyfoundthat79percentofparentsofyoungathleteswantedtheirchildrentoconcentrateononeTheyoungsoccerorganizationhasteamsforchildrenasyoungasManyofthem yloseinterestinSportsforchildrenhavetwoimportantButwhatabouttheothers,theaverageVeryyoungkidsdon'tknowwhytheirparentsarepushingthemsoClimateChangePosesMajorRisksforUnpreparedCitiesAnewexaminationofurbanpolicieshasbeencarriedoutrecentlybyPatriciaRomeroLankao.Sheisasociologistspecializinginclimatechangeand (51)development.Shewarnsthatmanyoftheworld’sfast-growingurbanareas,especiallyindevelocountries,willlikelysufferfromthe (52)ofchangingclimate.Herworkalsoconcludesthatmostcitiesarefailingto (53)emissionsofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases.Thesegasesareknowntoaffec