中英双语解读

血色素-血红蛋白Hemoglobin目录TOC\o"1-5"\h\z\o"CurrentDocument"血色素-血红蛋白Hemoglobin 1Hemoglobin 1\o"CurrentDocument"血红蛋白 2\o"CurrentDocument"来源 2\o"CurrentDocument"功能 2\o"CurrentDocument"normalHemoglobincount 3\o"CurrentDocument"正常值 3\o"CurrentDocument"WhatdoesitmeanifyourHemoglobinislow? 3\o"CurrentDocument"WhatdoesitmeanifyourHemoglobinishigh? 4\o"CurrentDocument"Whatcausesloworhighhemoglobinlevels? 4HemoglobinHemoglobinisaproteinmoleculefoundinredbloodcells(erythrocytes)thatcarriesoxygenfromthelungstotherestofthebody.Withouthemoglobin,yourredbloodcellscannotdelivertheoxygenthatyourcellsneedtoproduceenergy.Hemoglobinisvitalforhumanlife.Hemoglobinisatetramerwithfourpolypeptidechains-twoalpha(a)andtwobeta(。)chains.Eachofthepolypeptidechainshasahemeprostheticgroupandanironatom.Thehemegroupcontainsaredpigmentcalledporphyrin.Ironattachesitselftoporphyrin.Whenironbindstooxygen,theporphyrintransformsbloodintoavibrantredcolor.Whenit’snotboundtooxygen,itmakesbloodappearpurplish-blue.Eachironatombindstooneoxygenmolecule.Andsincehemoglobinhasfourironatoms,eachonecarriesfouroxygenmoleculesasitmovesthroughyourbody.Inadults,thepredominanthemoglobinisa2^2.ItisalsocommonlyobidAHhemogl(HbA).血红蛋白血色素是习惯称呼，统称为血红蛋白，是评价病人是否贫血的一个重要指标。贫血是指各种原因造成的血液丢失和减少，使得血红蛋白低于参考值。血色素又称血红蛋白，红细胞里一种含铁质的蛋白质，是人体血液中的血红蛋白的主要成分，是判断病人是否贫血的一个重要指标。如果发现血红蛋白低于正常标准，就是贫血。贫血会危害人体中造血器官的功能，还会导致其他病变。所以血色素成为观察人体健康的一个重要方面。来源日常生活中保持血色素的充分，需要注意膳食营养结构，应注意加强含铁食物、蛋白质、维生素、各种氨基酸和叶酸的补充，充分保证造血物质的每日摄人量。比如动物肝脏和血、牛奶、蛋黄、豆制品、绿色蔬菜、海带、紫菜、黑木耳等，这些食物有利于补充血液健康所需要的营养素，并保持营养均衡。功能血色素是红细胞运送氧与二氧化碳的重要“工具。血液流过肺脏时，红细胞中的血红蛋白与氧结合，变成氧合血红蛋白；血液流到人体各处组织时，氧合血红蛋白分解，放出氧，供组织细胞使用。然后，血红蛋白又携带着二氧化碳回到肺脏，将二氧化碳排出。由于血红蛋白里含有铁质铁遇到氧后颜色会变红，因此，血红蛋白与氧结合，血液会变得鲜红。动脉血液里含氧量多血液颜色鲜红；静脉血液里含氧量少，血液颜色暗红。normalHemoglobincountAccordingtotheClevelandClinic,normalhemoglobincountsforadultsare:14to17gm/dL(gramsperdeciliter)ofbloodformen12to15gm/dLforwomen正常值正常成人的血红蛋白含量，每100毫升血液中，男性为12~16克，女性为11~15克。血红蛋白含量减少，会患贫血症WhatdoesitmeanifyourHemoglobinislow?Alowhemoglobincountmeansthattheoxygen-carryingcapacityofyourhemoglobinisreduced.Consultwithyourdoctorifyoususpectthatyourhemoglobinislow.AccordingtotheMayoClinic,lowhemoglobinlevelscanindicatethatanindividualhascertainmedicalconditions,including:Aplasticanemia;Cancer;Chronickidneydisease;CirrhosisHodgkin’slymphoma(Hodgkin’sdisease)Hypothyroidism;Inflammatoryboweldisease(IBD)Irondeficiencyanemia;Leadpoisoning;LeukemiaMultiplemyeloma;MyelodysplasticsyndromeNon-Hodgkin’slymphoma;RheumatoidarthritisVitamindeficiencyanemiaResearchershavealsodiscoveredthatlowerhemoglobinlevelsareassociatedwithlargerinfarctionatthetimeanacuteischemicstrokehappensinapatientWhatdoesitmeanifyourHemoglobinishigh?Ahighhemoglobincountisassociatedwithhighhemoglobinlevels,whichmeansthatyourhemoglobinhasanincreasedoxygen-carryingcapacitythannormal.Ahighhemoglobinlevelmayindicate:Lungdisease;Heartdisease;Polycythemiavera;KidneytumorsDehydration;Hypoxia;Carbonmonoxideexposure;HighaltitudeWhatcausesloworhighhemoglobinlevels?Loworhighhemoglobincausesaremedicalconditionsthatchangethewayyourredbloodcellsbehaveorhowmanyredbloodcellsyouhaveatacertaintime.Sometimes,deficienciesinironcancauseyourhemoglobinlevelstodecline.Whenyourbody’sironconcentrationsaregettinglow,youmayprogressfrommildirondeficiencytoiron-deficiencyerythropoiesistoirondeficiencyanemia(IDA).[5]IDAist